CREATIVE SPACES 2013 INFORMATION PACK THREE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

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1 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The information contained in this presentation is for general information purposes only and it is intended that there will be strictly no commercial gain from its production. The content has been prepared in good faith from what are believed to be reasonably dependable sources but its accuracy and completeness cannot be absolutely guaranteed and should not therefore ever be completely relied upon. Any perceived breach of copyright is unintentional and entirely accidental.

2 CONTENTS PAGE A SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN 1 B ENERGY CONSERVATION 7 C CLIMATE CHANGE 9 D GLOSSARY 11

3 PART A - SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY? SUSTAINABILITY IS THE CAPACITY TO ENDURE OR LAST. FOR HUMANS, THIS MEANS THAT WE CAN MAINTAIN OUR QUALITY OF LIFE NOW AND IN THE FUTURE. HOWEVER THIS DEPENDS ON HOW WE INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH OUR ENVIRONMENT. TO BE SUSTAINABLE, WE NEED TO LIVE IN A WAY THAT DOES NOT DEPLETE THE EARTH S RESOURCES AND ALSO ALLOWS US TO RECYCLE OR REUSE THE WASTE WE GENERATE AND MINIMISE THE POLLUTION WE CREATE. A SCUBA DIVER INTERACTING SUSTAINABLY WITH A GIANT GROPER FISH 01

4 WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN? SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IS A WAY OF DESIGNING PHYSICAL OBJECTS LIKE BUILDINGS, CARS, ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES ETC IN A WAY THAT HAS LITTLE OR NO NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OR OTHER PEOPLE. THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THESE THINGS CAN HAVE A HUGE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. THIS IS BEACAUSE THEY USE MATERIALS AND ENERGY AND PRODUCE POLLUTION AND WASTE DURING THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION. A TRAFFIC JAM IN INDIA 02

5 THE SUSTAINABLE COR TOWER IN MIAMI, USA SUSTAINABLY DESIGNED BUILDINGS A BUILDING WHICH USES VERY LITTLE OR NO FOSSIL-FUEL ENERGY DURING AND AFTER ITS CONSTRUCTION IS CONSIDERED TO BE A LOW- CARBON BUILDING. IDEALLY A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN WILL ENHANCE A BUILDING S ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, WILL HAVE GOOD ACCESS TO SOLAR RADIATION AND DAYLIGHT AND BE LOCATED ON A SITE WHICH ITSELF IS PLEASANTLY WARM AND SUNNY, WITH GOOD SHELTER FROM THE WIND. UNDERGROUND ECO HOUSE, PEMBROKESHIRE, UK 03

6 OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING: REDUCE THE NEED FOR ENERGY USE: HEATING AND COOLING: CONSIDER THE FORM, ORIENTATION, MASS AND INSULATION BUILDING FABRIC USE LOW IMPACT, HEALTHY, ROBUST MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION LIGHTING UTILISE YEAR ROUND NATURAL DAY-LIGHTING BUT CONSIDER SOLAR CONTROLS TO PREVENT OVER HEATING VENTILATION - EXPLORE NATURAL METHODS LIKE OPENABLE WINDOWS RATHER THAN MECHANICAL VENTILATION ORIENTATION - MAXIMISE THE POTENTIAL OF THE SITE AND DESIGN FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY USE TECHNOLOGIES USE APPROPRIATE LOW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES WHERE POSSIBLE ENERGY USE RENEWABLE ENERGY WHERE POSSIBLE LIFESTYLE - DESIGN FOR A WAY OF LIFE THAT CONSERVES NATURAL RESOURCES AND CREATES A GREAT LIFESTYLE A MOSQUE IN MALI, AFRICA IS BUILT WITH MUD, A LOCALLY SOURCED SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL 04

7 THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING: THE DIRECTION OF THE PREVAILING WIND THE POSITION OF THE SUN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE MAIN ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE WITHIN 30 OF SOUTH. HOUSES ORIENTED EAST OF SOUTH WILL BENEFIT FROM THE MORNING SUN. THOSE ORIENTATED WEST OF SOUTH WILL CATCH THE LATE AFTERNOON SUN. TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES THAT MIGHT OPTIMISE OR DEGRADE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING(S) EG SLOPES, TREE BELTS, THE SHAPE AND ORIENTATION OF THE SITE. 05

8 EVEN MORE THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING: DESIGN TO MINIMISE THE BUILDING SURFACE TO VOLUME AREA. AVOID THE EXPOSED AREAS OF THE SITE AND USE ANY NATURAL SHELTER OFFERED. MINIMISE WIND CHILL FROM THE PREVAILING WIND BY PRESENTING THE NARROWEST PART OF THE BUILDING IN THAT DIRECTION. ALSO: INSULATE YOUR BUILDING AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. USE RECYCLED MATERIALS AND/OR MATERIALS WHICH DID NOT TAKE A LOT OF ENERGY TO CREATE. USE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY RATHER THAN FOSSIL FUELS. 06

9 PART B - ENERGY CONSERVATION WHY SAVE ENERGY? WHEN ENERGY SAVING IMPROVEMENTS ARE MADE, YOU CAN SAVE MONEY, IMPROVE THE COMFORT FOR THE OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING AND HELP FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE. HOW TO DESIGN AN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING? IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO FIRST CONSERVE ENERGY BEFORE TRYING TO GENERATE IT: 1) INSULATE THE BUILDING TO THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARD, MAKE IT AIRTIGHT BUT ENSURE SUITABLE LEVELS OF VENTILATION ARE PROVIDED. 2) IF POSSIBLE USE DENSE AND HEAVY MATERIALS LIKE BRICKS OR CONCRETE WHICH CAN ABSORB THE SUNS HEAT DURING THE DAY AND RADIATE THE HEAT BACK INTO THE BUILDING AT NIGHT. THESE MATERIALS CREATE WHAT IS KNOWN AS A THERMAL MASS. 3) INSTALL AN EFFICIENT HEATING SYSTEM THAT IS SIZED CORRECTLY TO MATCH THE ANTICIPATED SPACE AND HOT WATER DEMANDS. 4) WHERE POSSIBLE, INSTALL SOLAR COLLECTORS TO PROVIDE A PROPORTION OF THE HOT WATER REQUIRED. 5) CONSIDER OTHER RENEWABLE WATER AND SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS 6) CONSIDER RENEWABLE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS. SHEEPS WOOL INSULATION BEING INSTALLED INTO A LOFT SPACE 07

10 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ON FARM BUILDING, GOCH, GERMANY ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS: CONSERVE - AIR LEAKAGE THROUGH THE BUILDING FABRIC MAY MEAN VALUABLE HEAT ESCAPES IN WINTER REUSE - HEAT/COOLNESS RECOVERY SYSTEMS RECYCLE - PHOTOVOLTAIC AND SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS CAN CREATE ENERGY SOURCES THAT CAN BE USED TO HEAT YOUR HOME WIND CAPTURE - DON T FORGET THAT THE WIND CAN PROVIDE A RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR COOLING OR EVEN ENERGY GENERATION THE WAY OUR HOMES ARE BUILT AND USED ALSO IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN OTHER WAYS; FOR EXAMPLE THROUGH WATER USE, WASTE GENERATION AND THE USE OF POLLUTING MATERIALS. THESE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAN BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THROUGH GOOD DESIGN PRACTICE. 08

11 PART C - CLIMATE CHANGE WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? WE NEED ENERGY TO HEAT, LIGHT AND POWER FOR OUR HOMES, WORKPLACES, SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS AND VEHICLES. IN FACT ALMOST EVERYTHING WE DO WILL REQUIRE THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF ENERGY. TO GENERATE ENERGY, FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, OIL AND GAS) ARE NORMALLY BURNT AND THIS PRODUCES GREENHOUSE GASES - IN PARTICULAR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2). THERE IS NOW CONSIDERABLE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT CO2 IS CAUSING OUR CLIMATE TO CHANGE AND THIS IS A SERIOUS AND URGENT ISSUE. IT IS THOUGHT THAT THE GREENHOUSE GASES INCLUDING CO2 ARE HEATING UP THE EARTH POTENTIALLY CREATING MORE STORMS AND FLOODS IN SOME PLACES AND DROUGHTS IN OTHER PLACES. COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FOR OUR USE BUT ALSO CREATE CO2 EMISSIONS AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES 09

12 HOW DO WE CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE? EXHAUST GASES FROM CARS ARE A HUGE PROBLEM BUT THE REALITY IS THAT MORE CO2 COMES FROM THE ENERGY WE USE AT HOME. AROUND 45% OF THE UK'S CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ACTUALLY COME FROM ENERGY WE USE EVERY DAY - AT HOME AND WHEN WE TRAVEL. ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK IN 2010, TOTAL UK CO2 EMISSIONS WERE 533 MILLION TONNES. 27% (144 MILLION TONNES) OF THOSE EMISSIONS CAME FROM THE ENERGY WE USE TO HEAT, LIGHT AND POWER OUR HOMES. OUR TRANSPORT EMISSIONS CAUSED BY PASSENGER CARS, BUSES AND MOPEDS AND MOTORCYCLES ACCOUNT FOR A FURTHER 16% (87 MILLION TONNES) OF CO2 EMISSIONS. ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK BUILDING USE IN THE UK CONTRIBUTES ABOUT 50% OF THE UK S CO2 EMISSIONS AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRIBUTES ABOUT ANOTHER 7%. NATURAL BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES CARS, TRUCKS, BUSES, MOPEDS AND MOTORCYCLES PRODUCE CO2 EMISSIONS WHAT'S BEING DONE TO HELP FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE? THE CLIMATE CHANGE ACT COMMITS THE UK TO REDUCTIONS IN CO2 EMISSIONS OF AT LEAST 26% BY 2020 AND A LONG TERM GOAL OF AN 80% REDUCTION BY IT BECAME LAW IN NOVEMBER UNDER THE KYOTO PROTOCOL, BETWEEN THE UK MUST REDUCE ITS EMISSIONS OF SIX MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES BY 12.5 PER CENT FROM 1990 LEVELS. ENERGY SAVINGS TRUST UK 10

13 PART D - GLOSSARY BIOMASS OFTEN CALLED 'BIO-ENERGY' OR 'BIO-FUELS', BIOMASS IS PRODUCED FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS LIKE TREES. WHEN BURNT IN A BIOMASS HEATER, A BIO-FUEL CAN CREATE ENERGY TO HEAT A HOME. ECO HOUSE AN ECO HOUSE MINIMISES THE USE OF THE FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY AND AVOIDS THE CREATION OF WASTE OR POLLUTION. DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS DOUBLE GLAZING WORKS BY TRAPPING AIR BETWEEN TWO PANES OF GLASS CREATING AN INSULATING BARRIER THAT REDUCES HEAT LOSS, NOISE AND CONDENSATION. FOSSIL FUELS FUELS LIKE OIL, GAS OR COAL WHICH CONTAIN CARBON FOUND IN THE EARTH S CRUST. GEOTHERMAL HEAT THIS A TYPE OF THERMAL ENERGY GENERATED AND STORED IN THE EARTH GREENHOUSE GASES THESE ARE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE THAT ABSORB AND EMIT RADIATION. THESE INCLUDE GASES LIKE CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE HEAT/COOL RECOVERY SYSTEMS SEE HEAT PUMPS HEAT PUMPS HEAT PUMPS TRANSFER HEAT FROM THE GROUND, AIR OR WATER INTO A BUILDING TO PROVIDE HEATING AND, IN SOME CASES, TO PRE-HEAT DOMESTIC HOT WATER. INSULATION INSULATION REDUCES UNWANTED HEAT LOSS OR GAIN. INSULATION CAN BE INSTALLED IN WALLS, FLOORS, ROOFS AND EVEN WINDOWS CAN BE INSULATED USING DOUBLE GLAZING. TYPES OF INSULATION INCLUDE FOAM, PAPER, SHEEPS WOOL, WOOD FIBRE, STRAW AND SOIL. 11

14 NATURAL VENTILATION NATURAL VENTILATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH AIR IS SUPPLIED AND REMOVED IN AN INDOOR SPACE BY NATURAL MEANS. LIKE WINDOWS. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS SOLAR PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC) PANELS USE ENERGY FROM THE SUN TO CREATE ELECTRICITY TO RUN APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING. THESE ARE TYPICALLY INSTALLED ON THE ROOFS OF BUILDINGS BUT HAVE TO BE ORIENTATED TOWARDS THE SUN. RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY RENEWABLES TECHNOLGIES ARE EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS THAT CAN MEET YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS. THEY WILL EITHER, NEVER RUN OUT - LIKE WIND, THE SUN AND FLOWING WATER - OR ARE CONTINUALLY REPLACEABLE - LIKE CROPS. THESE CAN HELP REDUCE OUR DEPENDENCE ON NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES LIKE FOSSIL FUELS BY PRODUCING EITHER HEAT OR ELECTRICITY. SOME EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ARE SOLAR PANELS, PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS,WIND TURBINES, AND BIOMASS HEATERS. RENEWABLE ENERGY THIS IS ENERGY WHICH COMES FROM NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS SUNLIGHT, WIND, RAIN, TIDES AND GEOTHERMAL HEAT WHICH ARE RENEWABLE (NATURALLY REPLENISHED). THERMAL MASS A THERMAL MASS IN A BUILDING LIKE A CONCRETE FLOOR WILL ABSORB THERMAL ENERGY WHEN THE SURROUNDINGS ARE HIGHER IN TEMPERATURE, AND GIVE THERMAL ENERGY BACK WHEN THE SURROUNDINGS ARE COOLER SOLAR CONTROL CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT ENTERING A BUILDING. CURTAINS AND BLINDS, ARE OFTEN USED AS SOLAR CONTROLS. 12

15 SMALL SCALE HYDRO HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS USE RUNNING WATER TURNING A TURBINE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. FOR HOUSES WITH NO MAINS CONNECTION BUT WITH ACCESS TO A MICRO HYDRO SITE, A GOOD HYDRO SYSTEM CAN GENERATE A STEADY, MORE RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY THAN OTHER RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES AT A LOWER COST. SOLAR RADIATION IS THE LIGHT AND HEAT EMITTED BY THE SUN SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR THIS IS USUALLY A FLAT PLAT OR GLASS TUBE WHICH COLLECTS THE SUNS HEAT BY ABSORBING SUNLIGHT. SOLAR WATER HEATING SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS USE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS TO CONVERT HEAT FROM THE SUN TO WORK ALONGSIDE YOUR CONVENTIONAL WATER HEATER. WATER BUTT A CONTAINER WHICH IS USED TO COLLECT RAINWATER FOR REUSE WIND POWER WIND POWER IS A CLEAN, RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY WHICH PRODUCES NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS OR WASTE PRODUCTS. WIND TURBINES USE THE WIND'S LIFT FORCES TO ROTATE AERODYNAMIC BLADES THAT TURN A ROTOR WHICH CREATES ELECTRICITY. 13