PROF. OLUWOLE ADEGBENRO

Transcription

1 PROF. OLUWOLE ADEGBENRO

2 OUTLINE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND METHODOLOGY OF ENERGY AUDIT CASE STUDIES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

3 Energy Consumption (GWh) INTRODUCTION Energy Consumption (GWh) Year Figure 1: Energy consumption (industrial sector) in Nigeria between 2000 to 2006

4 BACKGROUND SOME INDUSTRIAL HIGH ENERGY INTENSIVE EQUIPMENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS HVAC BOILERS ELECTRIC MOTORS COMPRESSORS FURNACES FANS & PUMPS MATERIAL HANDLING HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Figure 2: Some Industrial High Energy Intensive Equipment and Appliances

5 BACKGROUND THE MAJORITY OF INDUSTRIES: RELY ON ENERGY INEFFICIENT MACHINERIES AND EQUIPMENT & OPERATE HIGH ENERGY DEMANDING PROCESSES OVER BURDENED BY INCREASING ENERGY NEEDS AND HIGH PRODUCTION COST WITH LITTLE PROFIT THESE HAVE LED TO: REDUCED OUTPUT, DECLINING PROFITS, STAFF RETRENCHMENT AND EVENTUAL CLOSURE AND RELOCATION OF COMPANIES. HENCE THE NEED FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT THROUGH ENERGY AUDIT

6 ENERGY AUDIT AN ENERGY AUDIT IS THE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ENERGY FLOW IN A BUILDING, SYSTEM OR PROCESS WITH THE AIM OF MINIMIZING ENERGY INPUT WITHOUT REDUCING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE

7 ENERGY AUDIT ENERGY AUDIT HELPS TO 1. IDENTIFY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COST TRENDS 2. IDENTIFY HOW MUCH ENERGY IS USED 3. IDENTIFY DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY USE 4. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE THE USAGE OF ENERGY WITHOUT AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF SERVICES 5. IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE ENERGY COSTS 6. DEVELOP A PLAN, BASED UPON AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES THAT IS COST EFFECTIVE TO THE MANAGEMENT. 7. EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL IMPLICATIONS OF REDUCING ENERGY USAGE AND 8. MAKE RECOMMENDATION FOR IMPLEMENTING IMPROVEMENTS TO SAVE ENERGY

8 METHODOLOGY ENERGY AUDIT PRE-AUDIT (UTILITY ANALYSIS, APPLIANCES IDENTIFICATION & BASELINE) WALK- THROUGH AUDIT SAVINGS EVALUATION FIGURE 3 : ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY

9 CASE STUDY I PROCESS DESCRIPTION A MEDIUM SCALE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN LAGOS FINISHING PRINT PRO- DUCTION GRAPHIC DESIGN PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIALS SEPARATION OF FILMS PLATE MAKING ISSUE OF RAW MATERIALS TO THE PRESS Figure 4: Manufacturing Process

10 CASE STUDY I IDENTIFIED EQUIPMENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS HVAC ELECTRIC MOTORS* COMPRESSORS FANS & PUMPS Figure 5: Energy Intensive Equipment Identified *0.77 is the minimum power factor on one of the electric motors presently being used in the particular industry

11 CASE STUDY I DATA COLLECTION ENERGY IS SUPPLIED IN TWO FORMS: GRID ELECTRICITY BY UTILITY COMPANY; AND DIESEL FUEL WHICH POWERS A 200KVA GENERATING SET. THE NECESSARY ENERGY DATA, AMONG OTHER INFORMATION, WERE OBTAINED FROM TECHNICAL AND EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION SHEETS. THE ELECTRICITY AND DIESEL CONSUMPTION BETWEEN JANUARY 2011 AND DECEMBER 2011 WERE COLLECTED AND ANALYSED TO UNDERSTAND THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN WITHIN THE INDUSTRY.

12 CASE STUDY I UTILITY BALANCE Electricity Cost $14, $30, $14, Diesel Cost $ 30, TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY COST = $44, Figure 6: The Annual Energy Balance of the Industry

13 CASE STUDY I ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES CONSIDERED RETROFITTING OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS REPLACING V-BELTS WITH EFFICIENT COG BELTS TURNING OFF IDLE EQUIPMENT MONITORING OF POWER DEMAND AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT

14 Reactive Power (kvar) CASE STUDY I POWER FACTOR CORRECTION Proposed kva Power at 0.99 power factor Present kva Power at 0.77 power factor Reactive Power (kvar) Real Power (kw) Figure 7: Present & Proposed Power Factor Correction

15 CAPACITOR BANK POWER FACTOR CORRECTION Figure 8: A bank of Capacitors installed in an Hospitality Industry in Lagos

16 Table 1. Summary of savings Items Power factor improvement Light Retrofitting Replacing V- belts with cog belts Turning-off idle equipments Monitoring of power demand Present State 0.77pf Proposed 0.99pf Anticipated savings Annually Cost savings (Dollars) kVAr $2, kW 4.16kW 2.952kW $1, ,621kWh $1, $ kVA - 15% of PD $ TOTAL $6,231.18

17 CASE STUDY II GENERATOR SIZING THIS STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT TO SUGGEST THE SUITABLE SIZE OF A GENERATING SET FOR A COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN LAGOS. OBJECTIVES: TO PERFORM A POWER AUDIT, ANALYSE THE TOTAL POWER DEMAND, SUGGEST APPROPRIATE SIZE OF GENERATING SETS.. 17

18 CASE STUDY II GENERATOR SIZING Table 2.0 Auditing Analysis Showing Appliances, Quantities & Ratings INDUSTRY APPLIANCES DESCRIPTION QUANTITY CAPACITY HP W KW TOTAL (KW) TV Lighting 4ft ft Incandescent Incandescent Fan Ceiling Freezer Microwave Heat Extractor DSTv Decoder DVD Radio AC Electric Cooker Fridge Estimated Power Demand (kw) Diversity Factor 0.7 Total Power Demand after Diversity Factor (kw) 7.14 Suitable Size of Generator* 10kVA *Always give room for 10-15% future expansion

19 TIPS INDUSTRIAL ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES ELECTRIC MOTORS ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES CORRECTLY SIZE MOTORS REGULAR MAINTENANCE BOILERS MONITORING EQUIPMENT LOAD MANAGEMENT CONDENSATE RETURN FUEL SELECTION COMPRESSORS COMPRESSOR MOTOR COMPRESSOR ELEMENT COMPRESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM. FURNANCES RESCHEDULING TO REDUCE THE OCCURRENCE OF A FURNACE BEING HEATED WITH LESS THAN AN OPTIMUM LOAD, AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF FURNACES, INSULATION OF THE FURNACE MODIFICATIONS TO THE FURNACE

20 CONCLUSION THIS PRESENTATION HAS INTRODUCED ENERGY AUDIT AND HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS AS RELATED TO ENERGY AND COST SAVING FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN THE INDUSTRIES. IT IS AN ANALYSIS THAT SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED. INDIVIDUALS, PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS NEED TO OPEN THEIR DOORS FOR THIS EXERCISE TO MINIMISE ENERGY WASTAGE, SAVE ENERGY AND COST AND MAKE AVAILABLE, THE SAVED ENERGY FOR OTHER PRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL SERVICES.

21 BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Chakrabarti, Energy Engineering And Management, Procedure For Energy Analysis And Audit,A Book Published By Asoke K. Ghosh, Phi Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, India. Pp.86-88, 2011 Energy Efficiency Planning And Management Guide, Canadian Industry Program For Energy Conservation. Pp. 34, 2002 Energy Commission of Nigeria, (2009), Energy Wastages and Potential Savings Through Energy Efficiency Programmes, Energy Commission of Nigeria: (ECN); Entrenching Energy Efficiency And Conservation Into The Nation s Energy Development Strategies. O. Adegbenro, Challenges and Prospects of Energy Efficiency and Conservation, Journal of Energy Policy, Research and Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp ( ), 2011 S. M. Abolarin, A. O. Gbadegesin, B. M. Shitta And O. Adegbenro, Energy (Lighting) Audit Of Four University Of Lagos Halls Of Residence, Journal Of Engineering Research, June, Vol. 16, No. 2, Pp. 1-10, 2011 S. M. Abolarin, M. B. Shitta, C. D. Nna, C. A. Eguma, A. O. Kedo, A. Yussuff, O. A. Babatunde, B. O. Onafeso, O. Adegbenro. Energy Management Opportunities For Productivity Enhancement In A Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry In Lagos The Fourth International Renewable Energy Congress 20th 22nd December, 2012, EL Mouradi Palace Hotel, Sousse, Tunisia, pp

22 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR LISTENING CARRYOUT ENERGY AUDIT, MINIMISE WASTAGE, SAVE MONEY, INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY, SAVE OUR PLANET, ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY