Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Transcription

1 Advanced Super Tall Building Design with the Hot-summer and Cold-winter Climate Jianqiang Li, PhD, LEED AP Shanghai Institute of Architectural Design & Research (Co.Ltd.)

2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Climate Design in the HSCW Region 3. Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings 4. Case Study 5. Discussion & Conclusion

3 Introduction Super tall buildings in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter (HSCW) Climate Region. Super tall building 300m and above in height (CTBUH) HSCW region features 1800,000 km 2 High density of population Active economic HSCW Climate Region in China

4 Introduction 7 super tall buildings in the HSCW region by 2012 Building Name Jinmao Tower Shimao International Plaza SWFC Minsheng Bank Location Shanghai shanghai Shanghai Wuhan Height (m) Completed Year

5 Introduction Building Name Zifeng Tower World Trade Tower Longxi International hotel Location Nanjing Wenzhou Jiangyin Height (m) Completed Year

6 Introduction 16 Super tall buildings in the HSCW region completed in the next 5 years Building Name Location Height (m) Completed Year 1 Chongqing World Financial Center Chongqing Modern Media Center Changzhou Deji Plaza Phase 2 Nanjing Wuxi Maoye City Marriott Hotel Wuxi Gate of the Orient Suzhou Shanghai Tower Shanghai Wuxi Suning Plaza 1 Wuxi White Magnolia Plaza 1 Shanghai Runhua Global Center 1 Changzhou Wuhan Center Wuhan The Wharf Times Square Wuxi Nanjing World Trade Center Tower Nanjing Riverside Century Plaza Main Tower Wuhu Bashang Jie North Tower Hefei Bashang Jie South Tower Hefei International Commerce Center 1 Chongqing (Courtesy of CTBUH)

7 Introduction The number of super tall buildings completed in the periods in the region

8 Introduction Facts: 1. A new type of building in the HSCW region 2. Fast spread from metropolis to local cities 3. Boom in the HSCW region 4. Challenges for sustainability The features of Super tall building

9 Introduction Question How to make super tall buildings in the HSWC region much more sustainable?

10 Climate Design in the HSCW Region Climate adaptive design is the primary approach for sustainable design. 1. To make full use of the climate conditions; 2. To reduce the impact on environment; 3. To improve the environmental quality by nature s way.

11 Features of the HSCW climate 1. Hot summer 2. Cold Winter 3. Damp 4. Large Rainfall Climate Design in the HSCW Region Psychrometric chart

12 Learn from vernacular buildings Courtyard Long eave Roof heat insulation zone Rainwater collection Climate Design in the HSCW Region One case of courtyards Climate and courtyards Types of courtyards

13 Learn from modern buildings High performance envelope Flexible shading system Green roof Atrium Rainwater harvesting Solar heating or BIPV Climate Design in the HSCW Region Atrium Wind pressure distribution BIPV facade

14 Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Micro-climate around super tall buildings

15 Air temperature and altitude Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Lapse rate: Approximate 1 o C with each 150m of additional height (Courtesy of Peter Clair)

16 Air pressure and altitude Stack effect for Natural ventilation Air draught in the high space Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Diagram of air pressure distribution in the vertical space

17 Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Wind velocity and altitude The average wind at the ground in the HSCW region is 3m/s, The mean wind velocity at the height of super tall building could be 7.8m/s. Mean wind velocity profile in urban areas

18 Wind velocity and altitude Attentions for super tall buildings 1. Difficulty to open the conventional window 2. Safety for the external shading system 3. Effects on the surrounding wind environment Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Wind flow around buildings

19 Wind velocity and altitude Wind power V times of average wind velocity, ρ- air density T time N Efficiency of wind turbine Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Wind turbine and super tall buildings

20 Rainfall and altitude φ vf = 0.222V R cosθ h V- Wind velocity, Rh- Unobstructed horizontal rainfall intensity Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings θ Building Feature and Rainfall Orientation Plan Geometry Facade

21 Rainfall in super tall buildings 1. Facade frame collection system 2. Rainwater gravity filtration system Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Rainwater gravity filtration system (Courtesy of Ken Yeang)

22 Solar radiation and altitude Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings 4%~5% Solar radiation increase with additional 300m of building height. Diagram of solar radiation in urban areas

23 Solar radiation and altitude Micro-climate Design in Super Tall Buildings Solar radiation in super tall buildings 1.Reduce solar radiation by orientation, building envelope, Shading system and outside space in summer. 2. Absorb solar radiation into the interior in winter. 3.Renewable energy: Solar water heating or BIPV

24 Zifeng Tower, Nanjing Mixed function super tall building Building height: 450m Storeys: 89 Scale: m 2 Completed: 2010 Case Study Diagram of Standard plan

25 Zifeng Tower, Nanjing Shading system Case Study Building facade Interior automatic curtain

26 Zifeng Tower, Nanjing Openable window Cases Study

27 Shanghai Tower Mixed function super tall building Building height: 632m Storeys:121 Scale: m 2 Completed: 2014 Case Study (Courtesy of Gensler) Diagram of Standard plan

28 Case Study Shanghai Tower Twisted form (Courtesy of Gensler)

29 Shanghai Tower Atrium Cases Study (Courtesy of Gensler)

30 Discussion & Conclusion Super tall buildings has its own micro-climate features, which need to be considered in early design phase. Climatic parameters Air temperature Air pressure Wind velocity Rainfall Solar radiation Building design features Orientation Geometry Envelope Plan Space

31 Discussion & Conclusion Climate adaptive design in the super tall buildings 1. Passive design + Intelligent system 2. Phased changed materials 3. Electro chromic window

32 Discussion & Conclusion Super tall buildings have many potentials to utilize renewable energy. 1. Solar radiation for solar heating or PV 2. Wind turbine for wind power

33 Thanks for your attendance