U.S. Department of Energy Putting Energy in Perspective. John Ferrell Feedstock Platform Manager Office of Biomass Program August 19, 2008

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1 U.S. Department of Energy Putting Energy in Perspective John Ferrell Feedstock Platform Manager Office of Biomass Program August 19, 2008

2 National Biofuels Targets New Renewable Fuel Standard Expand use of renewable fuels to 36 billion gallons annually by 2022 Cellulosic biofuels component 0.5 billion gallons by billion gallons by billion gallons by 2022 Includes Significant Safeguards Targets are within 2006 Billion-Ton study volumes Ethanol production from corn is capped at 15 bgy EPA authorized to waive targets annually Requires GHG reductions, which include land use impact Requires studies on environmental impacts Best short-term option to alleviate gasoline prices and heating oil costs

3 Our Commitment to Sustainability EERE is committed to developing the resources, technologies, and systems needed for biofuels to grow in a way that enhances the health of our environment and protects our planet. To that end, we are working to Develop diverse, non-food feedstocks (e.g., switchgrass, sorghum) that require little water or fertilizer Foster sustainable forestry practices (e.g., advanced harvesting techniques) to enhance forest health Selectively harvest biomass components while leaving adequate soil nutrients Assess life-cycle impacts of major scaleup in biofuels production, from feedstocks to vehicles, addressing: land use and soil health water use air quality issues impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission Efforts are anchored into senior-level Biomass R&D Board Sustainability Working Group

4 Biofuels are part of interagency effort Multi-agency effort to coordinate and accelerate all Federal biobased fuel and products research and development Mandated under the Biomass Research & Development Act of 2000, further revised by Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Sec 937) and amended in Section 232 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of BRDI coordinating bodies Biomass R&D Board, a senior-level council co-chaired by DOE and USDA (also includes DOI, DOT, EPA, DOC, DOD, NSF, Treasury, OFEE, OSTP, OMB), will issue a National Biofuels Action Plan Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee 30 senior individuals from industry, academia, state government DOE coordinates research & development priorities with the Biomass R&D Board

5 Integrated Biorefinery - Options Feedstock production, collection, handling & preparation Hydrolysis Acids, enzymes Gasification High heat, low oxygen Digestion Bacteria Pyrolysis Catalysis, heat, pressure Extraction Mechanical, chemical Separation Mechanical, chemical Sugars and Lignin Synthesis Gas Bio-gas Bio-Oil Carbon-Rich Chains Plant Products USES Fuels: Ethanol Renewable Diesel Hydrogen Power: Electricity Heat Chemicals Plastics Solvents Chemical Intermediates Phenolics Adhesives Furfural Fatty acids Acetic Acid Carbon black Paints Dyes, Pigments, and Ink Detergents Etc. Food and Feed

6 DOE works across entire supply chain Feedstock Production Feedstock Logistics Biofuels Production Biofuels Distribution Biofuels End Use Cellulosic Ethanol: Primary focus of the program. Advanced Biofuels: A scoping study is underway to prioritize future work on advanced biofuels that require governmental support and can significantly contribute to achieving EISA s objectives. DOE works on key barriers validated by industry peer reviewed process and Biomass R&D Board

7 Moving to non-food feedstocks Today Grains (corn, sorghum, wheat) Oilseeds and plants (soybeans) Tomorrow Agricultural residues (stalks, stems, other crop wastes) Energy crops (switchgrass, miscanthus, poplar, willow) Forest resources (wood waste, forest thinnings, small-diameter trees) Oilseeds and oil crops (Algae, Jatropha) Green wastes (urban wood wastes, sorted municipal solid waste)

8 New feedstocks will reduce GHGs 19% Reduction 28% Reduction 52% Reduction 78% Reduction 86% Reduction Gasoline Petroleum Current Average Corn Ethanol Natural Gas Biomass Sugarcane Ethanol Biomass Cellulosic Ethanol Biomass Sources: Wang et al, Environ. Research Letters, May 2007; Wang et al, Life-Cycle Energy Use and GHG Implications of Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Simulated with GREET Model, Dec

9 Regional Biomass Feedstock Partnerships DOE supports work by the Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnerships in tandem with the USDA and land grant universities Sun Grant Initiative. Regional Partnerships are identifying regional biomass supply, growth, and biorefinery development opportunities. Regional partnerships help answer: Which feedstocks should we grow? How much feedstock can be produced sustainably in each region, and at what cost? What are the opportunities and constraints?

10 Regional Feedstock Partnership Activities Workshops held across each of the 5 regions to involve diverse stakeholders in identification of feedstock potential Biomass Resource Development Primary focus: Sustainable crop development Inventory existing plots from replicated field trials of dedicated energy crop & CRP lands Agricultural residue removal tool Conduct field trails (herbaceous in FY08; woody in FY09) Biomass Resource Assessment Primary focus: Identify sustainable feedstock supply Identify opportunities for feedstock utilization/production, as well as environmental & economic challenges to utilization GIS-Based Framework Education & Outreach Development/population of Bioweb Extension National SGI site to include Regional Feedstock Partnership efforts

11 Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership 2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials Planted/Established Sites MT State Univ Moccasin, MT Univ of MN Morris, MN SD State Univ Bristol, SD KS State Univ Hays, KS Univ of NE Lincoln, NE OK State Univ Fargo, OK ND State Univ Carrington, ND SD State Univ Brookings, SD IA State Univ Ames, IA KS State Univ Manhattan, KS OK State Univ Bixby, OK Univ of MN Rochester, MN MS State Univ Starkville, MS Univ of MO Columbia, MO Purdue Univ West Lafayette, IN Univ of KY Lexington, KY Cornell Univ Ithaca, NY Rutgers Univ New Brunswick, NJ Penn State Univ State College, PA VA Tech Gretna, VA NC State Univ Plymouth, NC Auburn Univ Auburn, AL University of GA Bishop, GA Clemson Univ Florence, SC TX A&M Univ College Station, TX TX A&M Univ Corpus Christi, TX 28 of 38 sites planted or established as of July 29, 2008 CRP Energycane Switchgrass Miscanthus Sorghum Corn Stover Removal (All include ARS)

12 Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership 2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials Planned Sites IA State Univ Ames, IA Univ of IL Champaign, IL MS State Univ Starkville, MS LA State Univ/USDA ARS St. Gabriel, LA MS State Univ Raymond, MS USDA ARS/Univ of GA Tifton, GA Auburn Univ Auburn, AL Univ of HI Molokai, HI TX A&M Univ Westlaco, TX CRP TX A&M Univ Beaumont, TX Energycane Switchgrass 10 of 38 sites not yet planted as of July 29, 2008 Miscanthus Sorghum Corn Stover Removal (All include ARS)

13 Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership 2008 Bioenergy Crop Trials Environmental Sustainability Data Collection Sites SD State Univ Bristol, SD Univ of MN Rochester, MN Univ of IL Champaign, IL IA State Univ Ames, IA TX A&M Univ College Station, TX 5 of 38 sites will collect additional data on environmental sustainability CRP Miscanthus Energycane Sorghum Switchgrass Corn Stover Removal (All include ARS)

14 Regional Biomass Energy Feedstock Partnership Future Potential Bioenergy Crop Trials Short Rotation Woody North Central Region - Poplar Western Region - Poplar Northeast Region Poplar, Willow South Central Region Poplar, Maple Southeast Region Poplar, Willow, Sweetgum, Pine

15 Feedstock Logistics Activities National Biofuels Action Plan (NBA Plan) Area 3: Feedstock Logistics Area is important, but has received limited Federal attention, and will need additional attention and R&D to achieve targets for delivered biomass. Identified major categorical challenges in this area: Logistics enterprise and management and technology development Includes a recommendation that the Biomass R&D Board facilitate a working group, in conjunction with private sector partners, to lead a planning process to develop milestones culminating in logistics systems demonstrations Biomass R&D Board, feedstock area chaired by Dr. Gale Buchanan, has commissioned this Feedstock Logistics IAG to meet the action outlined in the NBA Plan Interagency Feedstock Logistics Team: DOE co-chairs with USDA Develop plan to address approaches for harvesting, packaging, handling, storage, transportation and pre-conversion processing elements of supply chain systems tailored for utilizing biomass types including forages, grasses, corn stover, straws, forests, and forest residues needed to meet requirements for large-scale deployment of biorefineries as well as on-farm scale

16 Feedstock Logistics Activities, Continued R&D at Idaho National Laboratory focuses on: Harvesting & Collection Preprocessing Storage & Queuing Handling & Transportation Funding Opportunities: Future Industrial-Scale Feedstock Logistics Solicitation Request For Information released August 13, DE-PS36-08GO38009_RFI Hank Eggink: or Plan for a full Request for Proposals to follow Focus on the development of logistical systems capable of supporting a rapid increase in the volume of biofuels produced in the United States SDSU University-Scale Feedstock Logistics Solicitation Approximately $3 million available Open to all 5 Regional Sun Grant Centers, but must address feedstock logistics issues in the North Central Region Feedstocks of interest include woody & herbaceous crops and herbaceous crop residues suitable for commercial production in the North Central Sun Grant Region Pre-proposals were due July 23, 2008

17 Farm Bill - BCAP Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Supports the establishment and production of crops for conversion to bio-energy in project areas and to assist with collection, harvest, storage, and transportation of eligible material for use in a biomass conversion facility Requires a letter of commitment from a biomass conversion facility that the facility will use eligible crops intended to be produced in the proposed BCAP project area Contract duration is for five years for annual and perennial crops or 15 years for woody biomass

18 Bioenergy Research Centers Three new centers under the DOE Office of Science bring together research teams from 18 leading universities, 7 DOE national labs, at least 1 nonprofit organization, and a range of private companies. The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center is led by the University of Wisconsin in collaboration with Michigan State University. The R&D portfolio includes breeding new varieties of biomass plants, developing new processing techniques and agents for breaking down cellulose, and improving the microbial and chemical processes that convert biomass to energy products. Feedstocks analyzed include switchgrass, rice, & Arabidopsis. The BioEnergy Science Center led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory focuses on consolidated bioprocessing using a single microorganism or group of organisms to break down plant matter through a one-step conversion method. Feedstocks analyzed include poplar & switchgrass. The Joint BioEnergy Institute is a six-institution partnership led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. R&D focus is on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels.

19 Information Resources Office of Biomass Program, John Ferrell Tel: Web Site: EERE Info Center - www1.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter Alternative Fuels Data Center - Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network - Biomass R&D Initiative Grant Solicitations - Office of Science - Sun Grant Initiative -

20 Back-Up: Major DOE Biofuels Project Locations Geographic, Feedstock, and Technology Diversity Pacific Ethanol (Boardman, OR) DOE Joint Bioenergy Institute (Berkeley, CA) Novozymes (Davis, CA) Ceres, Inc (Thousand Oaks, CA) Genencor (Palo Alto, CA) Emery Energy (Salt Lake City, UT) BlueFire Ethanol (Corona, CA) Verenium Corp (San Diego, CA) Lignol Innovations (Commerce City, CO) Cargill Inc (Minneapolis, MN) Abengoa (Hugoton, KS) NewPage (Wisconsin Rapids, WI) POET (Emmetsburg, IA) Iowa State University (Ames, IA) Regents of the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN) ICM (St. Joseph, MO) Gas Technology Institute (Des Plaines, IL) DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Madison, WI) Mascoma (Monroe County, TN) Southern Research Institute (Birmingham, AL) DOE Bioenergy Science Center (Oak Ridge, TN) Mascoma (Lebanon, NH) Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN) Ecofin, LLC (Washington County, KY) Range Fuels (Soperton, GA) RSE Pulp & Chemical, LLC (Old Town, ME) GE Global Research (Niskayuna, NY) DSM Innovation Center (Parsippany, NJ) Dupont (Wilmington, DE) Research Triangle Institute (Research Triangle Park, NC) Seven Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects Four Commercial-Scale Biorefinery Projects Four Improved Enzyme Projects Five Projects for Advanced Organisms Five Thermochemical Biofuels Projects Three Bioenergy Centers DOE Joint Solicitation Biomass Projects Regional Partnerships South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD Cornell University, Ithaca, NY University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR