CITY OF CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND NATURAL HAZARDS MITIGATION PLAN

Transcription

1 CITY OF CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND NATURAL HAZARDS MITIGATION PLAN PREPARED BY: CITY OF CENTRALIA ADOPTED BY CENTRALIA CITY COUNCIL - DECEMBER 9, 2008

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Centralia City Council Tim Browning, Mayor Bonnie Canaday, Mayor Pro-Tem Ryan Barrett Bill Bates Lee Coumbs Ted Shannon Harlan Thompson Centralia Planning Commission Dan Rich, Chairman Daniel Hendersen, Vice Chairman Craig D Bower Robert Carter George McClendon Rosie O Connor Josh Stewart Rodney D. Thurman Flood Management & Natural Hazards Mitigation Committee Tim Browning, Mayor J. D. Fouts, City Manager Bob Berg, Police Chief Jim Walkowski, Riverside Fire Authority Kahle Jennings, Public Utilities Director Kim Ashmore, Stormwater Project Specialist Emil Pierson, Community Development Director LG Nelson, Building Official Tammy Baraconi, Associate Planner Page 1 of 91

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4 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND PLAN ORGANIZATION 5 PAGE SECTION 2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES 9 SECTION 3 RISK ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT OF THE HAZARDS 23 SECTION 4 RISK ASSESSMENT ASSESS THE PROBLEM 37 SECTION 5 MITIGATION STRATEGY (GOALS AND POLICIES) 59 SECTION 6 ACTIVITIES 67 SECTION 7 ACTION PLAN 75 SECTION 8 IMPLICATIONS TO COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM 85 SECTION 9 PLAN MAINTENANCE: IMPLEMENT, EVALUATE, AND REVISE 89 SECTION 10 APPENDICES 91 MAPS ADOPTION ORDINANCE SEPA DOCUMENTS Page 3 of 91

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6 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND PLAN ORGANIZATION I. Introduction 5 II. Plan Organization 6 I. INTRODUCTION Natural hazards are a part of the world in which we live. Floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, wildfires, and other hazardous events are natural phenomena. Natural hazards are inevitable and there is little humans can do to control force and intensity. However, we can impact how the natural and the built environments interact with these natural hazards by carefully planning to minimize the negative impact. The natural environment is amazingly recuperative from the forces of wind, rain, fire and earth and can regenerate with resiliency, restoring habitat and ecosystems in time for the next generation of plant and animal life to begin anew. The built environment, however, is not as resilient. Natural disasters occur when human activity in the form of buildings, infrastructure, agriculture and other land uses are located in the path of the destructive forces of nature. Since the built environment is more susceptible to natural hazards and cannot recuperate like the natural environment, communities impacted by a natural hazard often recover only over a long period of time and at great social and economic cost. In recent years, the frequency and impact of natural disasters has increased not because natural hazards occur more frequently but because more people are choosing to live and work in locations that put themselves and their property at risk. While natural hazards cannot be prevented, local communities can use various means to reduce the vulnerability of people and property to damage. Communities can reduce exposure to future natural hazards by managing the location and characteristics of both the existing and future built environment. By utilizing location and construction techniques, a community can mitigate negative impacts and reduce future damage to both human lives and property. This document is the 2008 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan for City of Centralia or (CFMNHMP). The current comprehensive flood hazard management plan consists of a plan prepared by Lewis County and adopted by the City of Centralia in Recent concern over major flooding events, evolution of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' proposed flood control project in the Chehalis River Basin, and a lack of clearly articulated flood hazard management policies prompted the City to develop this new plan. During plan development, the project team followed planning guidelines from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Ecology, including RCW Chapter State Participation in Flood Control Maintenance. Page 5 of 91

7 Recently, with the backing of state legislators, local elected officials resumed basin flood control discussions and formed the Chehalis River Basin Flood Authority (Flood Authority) through an inter-local agreement. The Flood Authority will help guide basin-wide flood hazard mitigation planning and projects until such time as a Flood Control District is formed. The Plan functions as a working frame of reference for government officials and administrators by establishing policies and by specifying methods and standards for implementation of these policies. II. PLAN ORGANIZATION This Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is divided into sections dealing with specific issue areas: Section 1 Introduction and Plan Organization. Section 2 Public Participation and Coordination with Governmental Agencies Section 3 - Risk Assessment Assessment of the Hazards Section 4 Risk Assessment Assess the Problem Section 5 - Mitigation Strategy (Goals and Policies) Section 6 Activities Section 7 Action Plan Section 8 Implications to Community Rating System Section 9 Plan Maintenance: Implement, Evaluate, and Revise Section 10 Appendices - Several documents are included in this plan as appendices: City Council Resolution Land Use Maps Centralia Comprehensive Plan Environmental Review SEPA documents The Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is required to be developed using a standard planning process, outlined as follows: Review of existing studies, reports, and technical information and of the community s needs, goals, and plans for the area. Risk Assessment 1. Map of known flood hazard 2. Description of known flood hazards 3. Discussion of past floods 4. Map, description and history of other natural hazards that affect the community Assessment of the Problem Page 6 of 91

8 1. Overall summary of each hazard identified and its impact on the community 2. Description of the impact that the hazards identified have on life, safety, and health and the need and procedures for warning and evacuating residents and visitors 3. Number and types of buildings subject to the hazards identified 4. Review of properties with flood insurance claims, and repetitive loss, or an estimate of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures 5. Description of areas that provide natural and beneficial functions, such as wetlands, habitat, riparian areas 6. Description of development, redevelopment and population trends and what the future brings for the area 7. Summary of the impacts of each hazard on the community s economy and tax base 8. Critical facilities Mitigation Strategy 1. Statement of the goals of the community s floodplain management or hazard mitigation program 2. Review of possible activities 3. Preventive activities, such as zoning, stormwater management regulations, building codes and preservation of open space and the effectiveness of the programs 4. Property protection activities, such as acquisition, retrofitting, and insurance 5. Protection of natural and beneficial functions of floodplains, such as wetlands protection 6. emergency services activities, such as warning and sandbagging 7. Structural projects, such as dike setbacks 8. Public information activities, such as outreach projects and environmental education programs 9. Draft action plan; must have action items from two of six categories above Plan Maintenance 1. The plan and later amendments will be officially adopted by the City Council 2. Implement, evaluate and revise a. Follow procedures for monitoring implementation, reviewing progress, and recommending revisions to the plan in an annual evaluation report b. The evaluation report should be prepared by the Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Committee Page 7 of 91

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10 SECTION 2: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES I. Public Participation 9 II. Relationship of the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan to Other Plans 11 III. Mitigation Strategies 12 IV. Review of Existing Studies, Reports, and 17 Technical Information V. Coordination with Governmental Agencies 17 I. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION The City of Centralia utilized the detailed process identified in the Community Rating System handbook in preparing this plan. The process includes the following steps: A. The planning process is organized under the direction of a professional planner and conducted through staff composed from those City departments that implement the majority of the plan recommendations. The City also had the Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Committee review and focus on the development of the Plan. The Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Committee is comprised of the following individuals: Tim Browning, Mayor JD Fouts, City Manager Bob Berg, Chief of Police Jim Walkowski, Riverside Fire Authority Kahle Jennings, Utilities Director Kim Ashmore, Stormwater Specialist LG Nelson, Building Official Emil Pierson, Community Development Director B. Involving the public: A successful Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan must involve considerable citizen input. The City of Centralia has made every effort to make the planning process accessible to its citizens and is committed to doing so in the future. The City anticipates that all future updates will likewise involve considerable citizen input. The Plan was prepared by city staff with review, input and recommendations from concerned citizens, the City s Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Committee, the Planning Commission, and the City Council. The Planning Commission has Page 9 of 91

11 the responsibility to conduct the planning process, review the results, and to formulate recommendations for the City Council s consideration. Adoption by the City Council is necessary to make the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan an official city policy document. This provision ensures that the Plan represents the community s informed consent with respect to community goals and values, and mitigation measures. This Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is based on a public involvement process that included open houses, and public hearings and work sessions with the Planning Commission and City Council. Public involvement activities included: Planning Commission Hearings and Public Work Sessions. The Planning Commission is comprised of nine (9) residents living in the City or the Urban Growth Area. They volunteer their time to advise the City Council on comprehensive planning, land use codes, and other planning issues. During a series of meetings, the Commission reviewed the plan, considered public comment and testimony as they developed findings, conclusions and recommendations. City Council Hearings and Work Sessions. Beginning in 2005, the City Council held work sessions and public hearings on the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Council accepted written comment throughout the process. Website. Throughout the process, the City has posted the draft Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan and land use maps on the City s website at inviting public comment and feedback. Comprehensive Flood Management & Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Participation and Adoption Process Meeting Date Location Area/category City Council workshop 10/ West Maple Street (City Hall) Review of draft floodplain management policies City Council workshop 6/ West Maple Street (City Hall) Review of draft floodplain management policies City Council workshop 4/7/ West Maple Street (City Discussion on floodplain issues and Planning Commission Public Meeting /Hearing City Council Public Meeting/Hearing City Council presentation Hall) 8/14/ West Maple Street (City Hall) 8/26/ West Maple Street (City Hall) 10/14/ West Maple Street (City Hall) Open house (workshop) 10/23/ West Maple Street (City Hall) City Council workshop 11/12/ West Maple Street (City Hall) the Draft Plan Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan flood concepts Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Discussion on floodplain issues and the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 10 of 91

12 Other Governmental Agencies Review CTED Review 10/27-11/21/08 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan ISO/CRS Review 10/27-12/5/08 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Environmental Review (SEPA) Approval Process Planning Commission Public Hearing Planning Commission Public Hearing City Council Public Hearing City Council Public Hearing - Adoption 10/27-11/21/08 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 10/23/ West Maple Street (City Hall) 11/13/ West Maple Street (City Hall) 11/25/ West Maple Street (City Hall) 12/9/ West Maple Street (City Hall) Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 st Reading: Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 2 nd Reading: Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Note: All meetings are open to the public Other governmental reviews: The Department of Community Trade and Economic Development (CTED); Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO); The Department of Ecology (WDOE); FEMA NFIP Program Specialist; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Region 5; Chehalis Indian Tribe; Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Central Region; Cowlitz Indian Tribe; US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); Chehalis River Council; Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP); WSDOT Olympic Region; Lewis County Environmental Health; WSDOT SW Region; Lewis County Planning and Engineering; Thurston County; City of Chehalis; Black Hill Audubon; Port of Centralia; Twin Transit; SW Clean Air Agency; Riverside Fire Authority; Centralia School District II. RELATIONSHIP OF THE COMPREHENSIVE FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN TO OTHER PLANS The Plan provides a policy framework for the protection and improvement of Centralia's built and natural environment. It is the intent of this Plan is to set goals and policies that guide development practices that are compatible with the environment throughout the City and its Urban Growth Area. Centralia works to maintain a balance between environmental regulations, recreation, public safety, and economic development. This balance is reflected in the following plans and regulations that were taken into consideration while developing this Plan: City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan. The City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan was adopted in October City of Centralia Zoning Ordinance. The City of Centralia Zoning Ordinance was adopted in April City of Centralia Floodplain Management Ordinance (Chapter 16.12). The City of Centralia Floodplain Management Ordinance was last updated in Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. The City of Centralia adopted the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan in March Page 11 of 91

13 City of Centralia Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA). The City will be adopting the HIVA in late 2008 or early Surface/Storm Water Management Plan. The Storm Water Management Plan was adopted in Skookumchuck Dam Emergency Action Plan. The latest revision was in December City of Centralia Water System Plan. The Water System Plan was adopted in December 2005 General Sewer Plan and Wastewater Treatment Plant Facilities Plan. The Plan was approved and adopted in the Spring of City Light and the Yelm Project Comprehensive Plan. The City Light Plan was approved in December Lewis County Comprehensive Plan. The Lewis County Comprehensive Plan was adopted in April, Lewis County Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan. The current plan was adopted by Lewis County in September Lewis County Emergency Alert System (EAS). The revised plan was adopted by Lewis County in Port of Centralia Comprehensive Plan. The current Port Comprehensive Plan was adopted in November 1990 and revised in November 1994, September 1996, March 2003, and in September Centralia School District Capital Facilities Plan. The Capital Facilities Plan for the Centralia School District should be approved in the summer/fall of Airport Master Plan/Chehalis-Centralia. The Airport Master Plan was approved Fall Solid Waste Management Plan. The Plan was approved by the Board of County Commissioners on October 20, Chehalis Basin Watershed Management Plan Supplement Section Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington February Washington Department of Ecology Centralia School District Emergency Plan. Centralia College Emergency Plan. Providence Hospital Emergency Plan. III. MITIGATION-RELATED POLICY STATEMENTS AND CITATIONS Mitigation-related policy statements are goals and policies that are within City plans and documents that support the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan that guides the direction for this document. A. Centralia Comprehensive Plan Adopted October 2006 Environmental Chapter Goal EN 1: To protect citizens from potential dangers or public costs by limiting development in environmentally inappropriate locations. EN 1.1: Direct development to those areas best suited for it. Page 12 of 91

14 EN 1.2 : Developments should be limited in areas with geologic instability, frequent flooding, high plant and animal habitat values or steep slopes. Goal EN 2: To protect environmentally sensitive areas such as steep slopes, wetlands, and geologically hazardous areas, which are not suitable for intensive use Goal EN 3: To protect and manage environmentally sensitive areas with regulations and guidelines based on best available science. EN 3.1: Enforce regulations that minimize damage due to landslide, seismic hazard, erosion or flooding. EN 3.2: Base regulations on the threat to the built environment, best available science, habitat value, and sensitivity of the resource. Goal EN 5: To minimize the loss of life and property from landslides and seismic, volcanic, or other naturally occurring events, and minimize or eliminate land use impacts on geologically hazardous areas. EN 5.1: Prohibit development on unstable land and steep slopes hazard areas to ensure public safety. This includes slopes in excess of 40% and those areas delineated by the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service as having "severe" limitations for building site development. EN 5.2: Designate and provide for the protection and management of geologic hazard areas based on best available science and cumulative impact assessments of existing and planned land and resource uses within and near geologic hazard areas. EN 5.3: Promote soil stability and the use of natural drainage systems by retaining native vegetation. EN 5.4: Cooperate with Lewis County to implement the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Goal EN 6: To protect surface water and groundwater quality and quantity. EN 6.1: Regulate land uses and activities within the critical aquifer and designated wellhead protection areas to prevent degradation of groundwater quality. EN 6.2: Discourage the construction and use of private wells and on-site sewage disposal systems in the City and urban growth areas where public water and sewer is reasonably available. EN 6.3: Encourage the use of community or public water in unsewered areas of the urban growth area where residential density is in excess of one unit per acre. EN 6.4: Promote the use of integrated pest management and the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer use by residents, businesses, and governmental agencies in the critical aquifer and wellhead protection areas. Goal EN 7: To protect and improve the water quality and biological health of lakes, wetlands, rivers, and streams EN 7.1: Provide for the protection and management of surface water consistent with the Clean Water Act, based on best available science and cumulative impact assessments of existing and planned land and resource use in the Chehalis watershed. EN 7.2: Retain ponds, wetlands, rivers, lakes, and streams with their associated buffers and riparian areas substantially in their natural condition. Page 13 of 91

15 EN 7.3: Protect surface waters from impacts that degrade water quality and biological health. These impacts include, but are not limited to, elevation of stream water temperature, low summer flows, stream channel damage, and sedimentation. EN 7.4: Protect and maintain the natural functions of wetlands by maintaining an undisturbed or restored native vegetation buffer around the wetland and by discouraging filling, draining and clearing wetlands and their associated buffers. EN 7.5: Accommodate essential road and utility crossings where there is not another reasonable alternative. EN 7.6: Work with adjacent jurisdictions and Washington State Department of Transportation to establish a wetland mitigation bank to provide an alternative to individual stream and wetland mitigation projects associated with essential public projects. EN 7.7: Encourage enhancement of degraded wetlands over creation of new wetlands. EN 7.8: Control shoreline development to prevent or minimize shoreline erosion, prevent pollution discharges into the water, protect shoreline aesthetics and habitat as consistent with the Shoreline Master Program and other local, state and federal regulations and policies. EN 7.9: Work with property owners and interested parties to develop an integrated aquatic management plan for Plummer Lake and Hayes Lake. EN 7.10: Encourage the use of bioengineered shoreline stabilization as an alternative to bulk-heading or other forms of shoreline armoring to protect existing structures from erosion. Goal EN 8: To minimize public and private losses from flooding EN 8.1: Limit development in the floodplain to activities that will not impact the 100-year flood level with greater than a one-foot rise. EN 8.2: Encourage low-intensity land uses for in-fill or new development in the 100-year floodplain. EN 8.3: Prohibit development and placement of fill in floodways. EN 8.4: Establish linear open-space and trail systems along the Chehalis and Skookumchuck Rivers to preserve natural open space. EN 8.5: Enforce regulations that protect the general public against avoidable losses from flooding. EN 8.6: Maximize the use of public money when developing flood control projects. EN 8.7: Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public. EN 8.8: Minimize prolonged business interruption. EN 8.9: Follow and ensure conformance to the FEMA guidelines and the City s floodplain ordinance with all developments within the floodplain. Goal EN 9: To protect, conserve, and enhance the ecological functions of important fish, wildlife, and plant habitats. EN 9.1: Use the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Priority Habitat and Species Program Guidelines and other relevant scientific reports to guide managing, protecting, and acquiring fish, wildlife and plant habitat areas within the City and its Urban growth Area. Page 14 of 91

16 EN 9.2: Manage aquatic and riparian habitats to preserve and enhance their natural function of providing fish and wildlife habitat in concert with Best Available Science through the Critical Areas Ordinance, the Shoreline Master Program and environmental review. EN 9.3: Preserve and enhance native vegetation in riparian and wetland habitats. EN 9.4: Encourage the use of native plants in residential, commercial, and industrial landscapes. EN 9.5: Encourage the eradication of invasive non-native plant species. EN 9.6: Cooperate with adjoining jurisdictions to develop complementary regulations pertaining to streams, fish, wildlife, plant habitats, and other Critical Areas that span jurisdictional boundaries. EN 9.7: Work cooperatively with adjacent jurisdictions, property owners and developers to preserve natural open spaces, especially those that provide linkages to migration corridors and riparian areas. EN 9.8: Provide special consideration to conservation and protection measures necessary to preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries. Land Use Chapter Goal LU 3: To encourage development where adequate city services exist or may feasibly be extended. LU 3.1: Manage land use in critical areas to ensure environmental quality and avoid unnecessary public and private costs. LU 3.2: Ensure that land which lies outside the City but within its adopted Urban Growth Area (UGA) develops consistent with the City s Comprehensive Plan policies and development standards. LU 3.3: Collaborate with other jurisdictions to plan for and find solutions to local and regional public service issues including, but not limited to, water, sewer, stormwater drainage, transportation, parks and open space, public safety, and development review. Utilities Chapter Goal U 6: To provide storm water management to protect, preserve and enhance, where possible, the water quality of streams, lakes, and wetlands and protect life and property from hazardous conditions. U 6.1 Require developments to meet the Phase II stormwater permits to limit erosion, siltation, and protect environmental sensitive areas. U 6.2 Control quantity and velocity of surface water runoff during and after development to pre-development levels. U 6.3 Require mitigating measures for development activities that impact drainage and flood control facilities. U 6.4 Provide an educational program that will inform the public of the importance of controlling storm water quantity and reducing stormwater pollution as a means to preserve and enhance the water quality of streams, lakes, and wetlands and protect life and property. U 6.5 Continue to implement and when needed update the storm water plan. U 6.6 Coordinate when necessary with adjacent jurisdictions on drainage basins to protect groundwater sources and provide stormwater facilities. Page 15 of 91

17 U 6.7 Require developers to construct storm drainage improvements directly serving the development, including any necessary off-site improvements. U 6.8 Require that storm drainage improvements needed to serve new development are built prior to or simultaneous with such development. U 6.11 Encourage developers to include multiple-use surface water facilities in their developments. Consider recreational, habitat, educational, cultural, open space, and aesthetic opportunities. U 6.12 Meet all federal and state guidelines that demonstrate compliance with U.S. EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)(Section 402) Phase II permits requirements and utilize the State Department of Ecology s Stormwater Manual for Western Washington. U 6.13 Coordinate with other local, regional, and State and Federal agencies to evaluate successful stormwater management techniques. U 6.14 Require all utility design and construction to comply with stormwater control standards acceptable to the City. Goal U 7: To minimize the damage to life and property from flood disaster. U 7.1 Support the establishment of flood control projects when beneficial to the City residents through the use of creative projects that may include levees and storm drainage facilities. Parks and Recreation Chapter Goal P-1: Acquire, develop, and redevelop a high-quality, diversified system of parks, recreation facilities and open spaces that is attractive, safe, functional, and available to all segments of the population. Goal P-3: Provide adequate recreational opportunities for City residents. Zoning Ordinance: Title Intent. It is the intent of this title to: A. Facilitate orderly growth and development of the city of Centralia, consistent with the policies, goals and objectives of the Centralia comprehensive plan; B. Protect the health and general welfare of the city s residents; C. Promote sound economic development and protect property values; D. Preserve and protect vital aspects of the natural environment; E. Designate land use districts and provide for compatibility between the several districts; F. Provide flexible regulations and controls for the intensity and character of land use; G. Provide for the administration and enforcement of these regulations. As the public health, safety and general welfare is superior to the interests and pecuniary gains of the individual, the intent of this title may limit the use of property and prevent its most profitable gain. If some reasonable use of property is allowed by this title, the effect is not confiscatory and is a proper exercise of police power. This is not an all encompassing list of all applicable goals, policies, or regulations relating to hazards within the City. Page 16 of 91

18 IV. REVIEW OF EXISTING STUDIES, REPORTS, AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION Studies Centralia Flood Damage Reduction Project by USACE, July 2002 Evaluating Losses Avoided Through Hazard Mitigation - Centralia, WA February Flood Phase Guidelines Manual and Map USACE: Seattle District Flood Hazard Analyses Salzer-Coal Creeks, May 1975 Flood Hazard Analyses China Creek, March 1977 Maps Floodplain Map (100 & 500 Year flood), July 2007 Centralia Floodplain Map (1996, 2007, High Water Marks), June 2008 Flood Warning Map, May 2002 Rivers and Lakes Map, October 2007 Steep Slopes Map, October 2007 National Wetland Inventory Map, October 2007 Critical Outwash Gravel Aquifer Map, October 2007 Earthquake Map, October 2008 Land Use Map, October 2007 Zoning Map, April 2008 Stormwater Facilities Map, May 2007 Sanitary Sewer Facilities Map, May 2007 Water Distribution Facilities Map, May 2007 Electric Distribution Facilities Map, May 2007 Centralia Schools Map, July 2007 Centralia Parks Map, May 2008 Street Map, October 2007 Evacuation Route Map, November 2008 Building and Fire Department Rating 1. Washington Rating Bureau Riverside Fire District 2. BCEG Rating Community Development Department Building Division Repetitive Loss Data 2008 Repetitive Loss Properties and Address: 15 properties V. COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES In 1990, the State Legislature adopted the Growth Management Act (GMA) in an effort to encourage managed growth in Washington. For the first time in the state s history, all urban counties and their cities were required to plan comprehensively and for the future. The GMA contains 14 goals that were intended to guide the development and adoption of comprehensive plan and development regulations of counties and cities required to plan under the act. (RCW 36.70A.020). A few of these goals include: Page 17 of 91

19 To guide urban growth to areas where urban services can be adequately provided; To encourage retention of open space and development of recreational opportunities; To protect the environment and enhance the state s quality of life; To encourage the participation of citizens in the planning process; To ensure adequate public facilities and services necessary to support development; and To identify and preserve lands and sites of historic and archaeological significance. The City of Centralia as part of the approval process sent out this Plan to interested governmental agencies and tribes for their review as part of the SEPA process prior to the Plan adoption. The following agencies were contacted and were asked to review and comment on the plan: The Department of Community Trade and Economic Development (CTED); Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO) The Department of Ecology (WDOE); FEMA NFIP Program Specialist Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Chehalis Indian Tribe (WDFW) Region 5; Washington Department of Natural Resources Cowlitz Indian Tribe (WDNR) Central Region; US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); Chehalis River Council Department of Archaeology and Historic WSDOT Olympic Region Preservation (DAHP) Lewis County Environmental Health; WSDOT SW Region Lewis County Planning and Engineering; Thurston County City of Chehalis; Black Hill Audubon Port of Centralia; Twin Transit SW Clean Air Agency; Riverside Fire Authority Centralia School District; The GMA also requires urban counties and their cities to jointly develop policies that are to be used to establish a county-wide framework from which county and city comprehensive plans are developed (RCW 36.70A.210). In 1993, Lewis County and cities within the county developed the Lewis County-wide Planning Policies (CWPPs). Lewis County Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan The City took into consideration the County s 2008 Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan goals and polices and projects to encourage consistency between the two plans. Listed are a few of these policies that are applicable to the City of Centralia. Policy HI-1 The County and participating communities should work with FEMA, via the Cooperating Technical Partners (CTP) Program to be a full participant in the Lewis County re-mapping initiative that is currently starting and Page 18 of 91

20 to ensure that the entire County, including incorporated jurisdictions, is remapped in a digital environment using new Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) generated terrain data. The County should establish a mapping update and maintenance program that includes mapping of other flood related hazards. Policy EOT-1 Lewis County and participating communities should develop a program of training for all floodplain management stakeholders through emergency management services, with support from FEMA, Ecology, and others. The County should further sponsor one or more County and city regulatory official to take training and to take the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) exam each year. Policy EOT-2 The County and participating communities will establish a regional multi-jurisdictional floodplain management organization for all incorporated jurisdictions to assist in administering floodplain management programs. Policy EOT-3 The County should maintain a data inventory of properties located in the floodplain and the CMZ. This inventory should be made available to the public. Policy PLN-1 Future updates of the CFHMP should consider the impact of UGA development on floodplain land use. Policy PLN-2 Lewis County, through the Flood Authority should seek to establish inter-local agreements with all cities to address floodplain development consistency. Policy PLN-3 Lewis County and participating communities should develop and continuously maintain a web-based water resources database in connection with its existing web location for gauge data and road closures. The County should continue to identify opportunities to add gauges to tributaries and smaller rivers. As part of this approach, the County may enter into agreements with the incorporated municipalities to serve as the County clearinghouse for hydrologic and hydraulic data derived from development proposals, and should define data collection standards for the system. Policy PLN 4 Lewis County, through the Flood Authority, should align with other interested counties and cities to investigate and pursue legislative solutions that would allow the County to coordinate with state regulatory agencies and industry to ensure that impacts to flooding conditions and water quality are minimized through best management practices (BMP)s. The basin planning process outlined in PLN-6 would provide a foundation of data for this legislative initiative by documenting where such impacts may be occurring. Policy PLN 5 The County will identify Channel Migration Zones, (CMZs) as critical areas in the next update to its Critical Areas Ordinance. The County will also develop CMZ regulatory standards for inclusion in its floodplain management ordinance, or other suitable regulatory vehicle. Regulatory development will consider but not be limited to setbacks from CMZ areas, holding development in the areas to the same standards as floodway development, and the use of no-build areas within CMZs. Policy PLN-6 The County should use the next and subsequent updates to their Comprehensive Plan as a vehicle for formalizing ongoing surface water management and hazard mitigation planning mechanisms, including multiobjective basin planning, comprehensive flood hazard management planning, and hazard mitigation planning. As multi-objective basin plans and future updates to this CFHMP and the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan are completed, the recommendations and findings of those plans should be incorporated into the Comprehensive Plan. Policy PLN-7 Lewis County should incorporate the policy recommendations of the 2004 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan and the latest revision to the CFHMP into the next update of the Comprehensive Plan, as a Natural Hazards Sub- Element and incorporate both plans in their entirety into the appendices of the document. By doing so, the more vague policy statements currently included in the plan would be accompanied by more focused policies Page 19 of 91

21 and implementation activities that would be put through the public review process and supported by a broader stakeholder group. Policy CARL-1 Lewis County will establish an annual program for ranking, prioritizing, and selecting repetitive loss (RL) floodprone properties for elevation in place, or acquisition and demolition. The voluntary program will be based on a set of fair selection criteria, including but not limited to benefit/cost analysis, public benefit, high FEMA claim history, and consistency with other local goals. The program will better position the County for procuring additional grant funding and will provide fair and equitable relief for RL property owners and for the County. Policy CARL-2 Lewis County will aggressively pursue state and federal grant funding to implement mitigation measures for the prioritized flood-prone properties on an annual basis. Implementation of CARL-1 will be dependent upon the successful procurement of grant funding. Policy CARL-3 Lewis County has established baseline data for all known properties that have experienced flooding. Following all future flooding events, the County will update the database during the damage assessment phase to track damages to all FEMA and non-fema repetitive loss properties. Policy CARL-4 Lewis County and participating communities will monitor RL properties for substantial improvements and will complete RL verification forms to keep FEMA lists current. Lewis County will further monitor the performance of substantially improved buildings meeting current NFIP standards after floods. Policy CARL-5 Lewis County and participating communities should use the CFHMP development process as a vehicle to identify required structural flood control solutions. These projects would be identified and prioritized during the planning process and implemented through the County s annual Capital Improvement Program and coordinated with the Flood Authority. Structural flood control solutions should meet the following conditions: There are no feasible alternatives to a structural solution It has been demonstrated that all adverse flooding impacts, including those to downstream jurisdictions, have been mitigated The project is cost beneficial The project is in the public interest Endangered species and other environmental impacts have been addressed Policy CARL-6 The County should inventory and review all previously installed flood control structures and similar devices designed and installed to protect private property. The screening should include an inspection of what assets are protected and whether the structure is part of a larger system of structures. The County should further determine those structures it has an obligation to maintain. The County should divest responsibility for those structures where there is no obligation on the County to provide maintenance. Where it is determined that there is an obligation, or where it is identified that maintenance is in the best interest of the public, the County should seek easements to access the structures and enter into agreements for their maintenance. Policy INF-1 When planning for and siting all new utility infrastructure, the flood risk to the property that would be serviced by the infrastructure should be considered. Where feasible, no new utilities should be constructed that would lead to increased development of flood-prone lands. Policy ES-1 During flood fighting, Lewis County resources should be deployed to protect the following (in priority order): Human life and safety Public infrastructure and buildings Not-for-profit, essential service provider infrastructure Private property, when circumstances and resources allow Page 20 of 91

22 Policy ES-2 Where there is an imminent threat to public infrastructure or human life and safety, the County may access private property to perform flood-fighting activities. For new development, on lands that contain waterways, the County may seek an easement for emergency situations (e.g., emergency stream clearing) during development permitting. Where the County does engage in flood fight or public safety/infrastructure protection activities on private property, it should either remove any temporary flood control improvements during the recovery phase or apply for project permitting. Policy ES-3 Distribution of a maintained inventory of sand bags should be prioritized for the protection of life and safety, public infrastructure, and public property. Use of those sand bags and County resources for their deployment should not be made available to the public until it is determined that all public properties have been protected to the extent feasible. The County Sherriff s Office Division of Emergency Management (CSODEM) will be responsible for that decision. The DEM should hold an annual outreach program to encourage the floodprone public to stock and maintain sand bags in advance of the flooding season. **The City of Centralia has sandbags at its workshops and will determine when sandbags and sand are distributed throughout its jurisdiction. Policy ES-4 During flood events, the use of two-way radios should be limited to critical matters pertaining to disaster response. Personal communications should be limited to land lines and cell phones. Communications necessary for the protection of life and safety should take precedence over communications related to the protection of property. Communications related to the protection of public infrastructure and property should take precedence over communication related to the protection of private property. Communication regarding recovery phase issues should be deferred until after the response phase. The DEM should serve as communications liaison between the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and field responders. Policy ES-5 Lewis County should document and inventory historic road flooding areas and detour routes and coordinate with the State of Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT) to ensure that road closures are coordinated between agencies. These agencies should use a formalized and updated road closure database linked to the flood stage warning system. Policy ES-6 The Public Works Department should co-lead all damage assessment efforts with the DEM. A qualified engineer should accompany all damage assessment teams for the specific purpose of capturing damage data and identifying mitigation opportunities. The Public Works Department should co-lead all post-disaster grant application activities. Policy RDS-1 Lewis County should minimize adverse impacts to conveyance and storage within the floodplain resulting from floodplain development impacts (e.g., relocation of flood paths) by requiring all development in the floodplains to be consistent with federal standards, or as identified and adopted by the Flood Authority. Policy RDS-2 Lewis County policies will be consistent with the federal one foot rise regulation and any modifications thereto coming from the Flood Authority. Policies should be reviewed at least annually and updated as needed. Policy RDS-3 Land use regulation in areas identified by the USACE, FEMA, or as approved by Lewis County as critical flow paths should be regulated as floodways. Policy RDS-4 Lewis County should update its Floodplain Management Ordinance to include the Increased Cost of Compliance (ICC) insurance provision, substantial damage definition, and other identified deficiencies. Policy RDS-5 Based on its updated ordinance, the County should develop a model floodplain ordinance for other County jurisdictions. The County should then hold a series of informational meetings with the incorporated Page 21 of 91

23 jurisdictions and encourage them to adopt relevant sections of the model ordinance into their local ordinances for consistency. The County should solicit the assistance of Ecology in encouraging this consistency. Policy RDS-6 During the update to the Floodplain Management Ordinance, Lewis County should incorporate standards to ensure that future siting of critical facilities to the extent possible requires dry access to the facility during a 100- year flood event. The County should also codify a process by which the CSODEM is involved in the permit review for critical facilities. Page 22 of 91

24 SECTION 3: RISK ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT OF THE HAZARDS I. Flooding 23 II. Steep Slopes - Landslides 32 III. Earthquakes 33 IV. Fire 35 V. Volcanic Event 35 VI. Severe Storm 35 VII. Other Natural Hazards 36 Plan Requirement: Using available data and studies, provide a map of the known flood hazards, a description of the known flood hazards including source of water, depth of flooding, velocities, and warning time, a discussion of past floods, and a map, description and history of other natural hazards, including all natural hazards that affect the community. I. FLOODING Damage during a flood is typically caused by one of two river processes active during flooding. The first process is inundation, defined as floodwater and debris flowing through an area. Inundation occurs when the water in the river channel rises to the level where it flows over the riverbanks and onto the surrounding floodplain. The level of damage caused by inundation is determined by the velocity and depth of the water, the amount of debris in the water, and the level of development in the inundated area. Areas of flood inundation can be determined through hydrologic analysis and study of historical records. Inundation areas may vary from flood to flood because of the impact of different hydraulic responses from the river system or possible failures of flood control structures. The second river process that causes damage during a flood is bank erosion. Bank erosion occurs when a river scours its banks, causing the channel to shift position. Sometimes the river will actually move to an entirely new channel during a flood. Bank erosion can also threaten structures high above the floodplain by undermining the bank near where the structure is located. Areas prone to bank erosion can be identified through mapping and hydrologic analysis, but the occurrence of channel migration cannot be predicted with confidence. A. The Cause of Flooding in Centralia The Chehalis River Basin is unique in western Washington. It has the largest drainage area of all rivers on the west slopes of the Cascade Range. In addition, it does not adjoin the crest of the range, and contains very little high elevation terrain. Hence, snowmelt plays only Page 23 of 91

25 a small role in its runoff patterns. Rather, the basin responds directly and relatively quickly to rainfall events, the largest of which occur typically in the fall and early winter months. The City of Centralia and surrounding communities in Lewis and Thurston Counties have a long history of flooding and flood damages to private and public property and periodic closure of critical transportation routes. These problems have been acknowledged and studied for many years. 1. Upper Chehalis River Basin The slope of the upper Chehalis River from its source to the City of Chehalis is steep, falling an average of 16 feet per mile. The slope flattens to about 3 feet per mile in the valley surrounding the cities of Centralia and Chehalis, where the Chehalis River has a meandering channel that occupies a fairly uniform floodplain averaging over 1 mile wide. Most of the valley is inundated during a severe flood such as the January 1990, February 1996 and the December 2007 floods. The Upper Chehalis River Basin above Centralia includes four main drainages: the Skookumchuck River, the Newaukum River, the South Fork Chehalis River, and the Chehalis River above Doty. In addition, there are several smaller subdrainages in the Centralia-Chehalis area, including Coffee Creek, China Creek, Salzer Creek, and Dillenbaugh Creek. 2. Centralia-Chehalis Reach This reach of the river stretches from the Skookumchuck River to the Newaukum River. This reach is comprised primarily of the Centralia-Chehalis floodplain, with both cities located within the reach. Dillenbaugh Creek, Salzer Creek, and China Creek all enter the Chehalis River along this reach. The river is characterized by a very shallow gradient and a meandering stream course in this area. a) Skookumchuck River The Skookumchuck River, one of the major Chehalis River tributaries, joins the Chehalis River, and is approximately 41 miles in length. It originates in the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest northeast of the City of Centralia, and empties into the Chehalis River at Centralia. The total drainage area for the Skookumchuck River is 181 square miles. Elevations within the basin range from 150 feet at the mouth to 3,800 feet at the headwaters, with approximately two-thirds of the basin located below an elevation of 1,000 feet. The slope of the Skookumchuck River from its source to the town of Bucoda is steep, falling an average of 19 feet per mile. Below Bucoda, the slope flattens to about 5 feet per mile near Centralia. Except for the uppermost portion, the Skookumchuck River flows as a meandering channel in a floodplain, varying in width from a few hundred feet to 0.5 mile. Three developments are notable within the Skookumchuck River system. The first is the City of Centralia, which occupies several square miles at the lower end of the basin. The second development is Skookumchuck Dam, located about 20 miles upstream from Centralia and operated by PacifiCorp. Skookumchuck Dam was completed in 1971 and has been considered several times for flood control use. The third development of note in the Skookumchuck Basin is the Centralia Steam Generating Plant on Hanaford Creek. Authority Page 24 of 91

26 has been granted for this coal-fired facility to divert up to 54 cubic feet per second (cfs) of water from the Skookumchuck River. The Skookumchuck River is regulated by the Skookumchuck Dam, which is owned by Scottish Power (PacifiCorp). Skookumchuck Dam is located at RM 21.9, just upstream from Bloody Run Creek. The dam is an earthfill structure approximately 190 feet high with a crest elevation of 497 feet. Construction of the dam was completed in January The primary purpose of the project is water supply for the Centralia coal-fired power generator plant. Outflow from the reservoir is either over the spillway crest at elevation 477 feet or through the outlet works with intake gates at elevations 449, 420, and 378 feet. The discharge capacity of the outlet works is approximately 220 cfs when the pool elevation is at the spillway invert. Because of this limited outlet capacity, the reservoir typically fills early in the flood control season and passes subsequent floods over the 28,000 cfs capacity spillway. The normal active storage capacity of the reservoir is 38,700 acre-feet (ac-ft) between elevations 400 feet (normal minimum operating pool) and 492 feet (maximum operating pool). Additional usable storage of 3,170 ac-ft is available between elevations 378 feet (invert of the lowest intake) and 400 feet. Dead storage is approximately 1,420 ac-ft between elevations 378 and 340 feet. The land use in the Skookumchuck River floodplain is generally agricultural in the upper reaches with increasing urbanization towards the mouth. The most developed portion of the floodplain is from the mouth to RM 4.5 with the city of Centralia s central residential/business district being within the floodplain on the left bank near RM 2.0. b) Coffee Creek Coffee Creek is a tributary of the Skookumchuck River. With headwaters in Thurston County, Coffee Creek flows south through the Zenkner Valley to the Skookumchuck River north of Centralia. The watershed encompasses 6.2 square miles of moderately sloping hills. Watershed elevations range from 186 feet at the confluence with the Skookumchuck River to 645 feet at the northern tip of the watershed. The stream gradient is low in the lower four miles of the watershed. Coffee Creek has been moved from its natural location to a periphery channel bordering the edge of adjacent hills and the valley floor. c) China Creek China Creek is a relatively small, short stream that flows through the City of Centralia to the Chehalis River. The watershed extends about five miles east of the Chehalis River at Centralia. It encompasses approximately 4.4 square miles, ranging in elevation from 180 feet to 570 feet. Much of the land is moderately steep. Most of the channel consists of pipes and box culverts through Centralia. China creek is utilized as part of the City s stormwater drainage system. d) Salzer Creek Salzer Creek flows into the Chehalis River from the east, just south of the Centralia city limits, and drains 24.3 square miles. Salzer Creek originates in the low-lying hills east of Centralia-Chehalis, and has a maximum elevation of about 800 feet. The stream gradient of Salzer Creek is relatively flat. The lower two miles of the stream are within the flood backwater area of the Chehalis River. Coal Creek, a major tributary of Salzer Creek, has a drainage area of 5.4 square mile, and a steeper slope. Page 25 of 91

27 e) Lincoln Creek Lincoln Creek flows into the Chehalis River just north of the City of Galvin. Lincoln Creek originates in the hills west of Centralia gathering water from Cooks Hill and Doty Hills. The gradient of Lincoln Creek is relatively flat winding through the Lincoln Creek Valley. 3. Floodplains Rivers and streams flood because of prolonged heavy rainfall, a rapidly melting snow pack or a combination of the two. Historically, it must rain an average of 2-5 inches per day for two or three days in a row for flooding to occur in the Chehalis Basin. The actual duration and rainfall amounts needed to cause flooding depend on the condition of the river or stream, groundwater conditions, and run off conditions. However, once the conditions are right, water within the river or stream channel overflows onto normally dry land and the area floods. Encroachment on floodplains, whether by structures or by fill material, reduces the floodcarrying capacity of the river, increased the flood heights and velocities, and increase the flood hazards in areas outside of the encroachment. Floodplains are the areas that are frequently covered by water when rivers overflow their banks. Floodplains are also defined as low-lying area of land formed by river channels as the channels have occupied portions of the river valley over time. The lateral movement of channels and depositing of sediment raises or lowers the overall elevation of the river valleys by aggradition or erosion. The channels of rivers meander across floodplains as the flow downstream. Channel bends reduce the amount of energy or velocity of flowing water. The degree of meander can vary, from almost straight channels, which migrate laterally slowly, to fully developed meander patters, to braided patterns were a stream or river is characterized by mid-channel islands and unpredictable channel changes. 4. Soils and Vegetation The Soil Conservation Service published a soil survey of Lewis County in May Much of the information in this section is excerpted from that document. Soils in the floodplain tend to be a silty clay loam. These soils tend to be very deep and range from poorly to well drained. The native vegetation is wetland plants, deciduous plants, and conifers. The common wetland plants include bull thistle, cattail, peach-leaf willow, reed canary grass, and soft rush. The main woodland species are Douglas fir and red alder. Among the trees of limited extent are black cottonwood, western red cedar, and big-leaf maple. Among the common forest understory plants are western sword-fern, vine maple, cascade Oregon grape, red huckleberry, western bracken-fern, Pacific trillium, and trailing blackberry. Soils on plains, terraces and uplands tend to be very deep, and range from well-drained gravelly sand to poorly drained silty clay. The main woodland species are Douglas fir and red alder. Other trees found in limited quantities are western hemlock, western red cedar, and big-leaf maple. Among the common forest understory plants are cascade Oregon grape, rose, red huckleberry, western bracken-fern, violet, and salal. Page 26 of 91

28 All soils in the basin fall predominately within AASHTO hydrologic group A. Soil permeability typically ranges from 0.6 to 2 inches per hour. 5. Climate The Centralia area has a predominately marine climate characterized by mild temperatures both summer and winter. Extreme temperatures are unusual for the area because prevailing westerly winds bring maritime air over the basin and provide a moderating influence throughout the year. During the spring and summer, high-pressure centers predominate over the northeastern Pacific, sending a northwesterly flow of dry, warm air over the basin. The dry season extends from late spring to midsummer, with precipitation frequently limited to a few light showers. Average summer temperatures are in the 70s or 80s (degrees Fahrenheit), but occasionally hot, dry easterly winds cross the Cascade Mountains and raise daytime temperatures into the 90s. The Aleutian low-pressure center normally predominates during the winter, causing a counterclockwise circulation of cool, moist air over the basin and prevailing southwesterly winds. The area from the Pacific Ocean to the crest of the Olympic Mountains, the western slopes of the Cascade Range, and the Black and Willapa Hills receives the full force of winter storms. Virtually every fall and winter (October through March), strong winds and heavy precipitation occur throughout the basin. Storms are frequent and may continue for several days. Successive secondary weather fronts with variable rainfall, wind, and temperatures may move onshore at daily intervals or less. Precipitation in the basin is affected by distance from the Pacific Ocean, elevation, and seasonal conditions. Generally, the southern slopes of the Olympic Range and the more easterly, higher slopes along the Cascade Range receive the greatest precipitation. The Black Hills in the northeast portion of the basin and Willapa Hills between the coast and the Centralia-Chehalis area often receive moderate to heavy rainfall during the movement of oceanic storms through the basin. The greatest amount of rainfall occurs between the months of October and March. The abundance of rainfall during this period is due to the frequent storm systems that pass over western Washington. In Centralia, monthly rainfall totals for this period typically range between 5 and 8 inches. For the rest of the year, average monthly rainfall totals range only between 0.8 and 2 inches. The month with the highest average rainfall is November, with 7.77 inches. The month with the lowest average rainfall is July, with only 0.84 inches. Annual precipitation averages inches, with a record low of 28 inches and a record high of 60 inches. The weather station at Centralia has recorded temperature extremes of 105 to 16 degrees. The mean monthly temperature is 52 degrees with the monthly means of January and July being 39 and 65 degrees respectively. Snowfall in the region is not heavy, but potential does exist for extremely large amounts on occasion. The average annual snowfall is approximately nine inches, with recorded extreme annual maximums at 45 inches. Most of the snowfall occurs in the month of January, with the monthly average at about 4.5 inches. Snowfall occurs occasionally at Centralia but warm temperatures typically limit any snow accumulation over prolonged periods. Page 27 of 91

29 Winds in the region rarely exceed 30 mph; winds of this speed usually only occur during the fall and winter months in conjunction with rainstorms and/or thunderstorms that pass through the vicinity. Approximately 10 percent of the winds between the months of November and February have speeds between 15 and 30 mph, compared with approximately two percent of the winds for the other months. The rest of the wind speeds typically range between zero and 15 mph, about 90 percent of the time. Wind speeds have been measured in excess of 70 mph during the winter months. The majority of the highest wind speeds measured have originated from the south and southwest directions. B. Historical Flow Flow data have been collected on the Chehalis River and two of its major tributaries, the Newaukum and Skookumchuck Rivers, by the National Weather Service (NWS) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The first records of river stage and discharge on the Chehalis River date from October 1928 when the USGS installed a staff gauge 1.5 miles southwest of Grand Mound. The staff gauge was replaced with a recording gauge in October 1934 and continuous records at this site are available since 1934 (Chehalis River near Grand Mound). The first gauging on the Skookumchuck River was in 1950, when the NWS installed a staff gauge on Harrison Avenue bridge in Centralia. In 1964, a wire weight gauge and resistance gauge were installed at the Pearl Street bridge over the Skookumchuck River in Centralia. The Harrison Avenue gauge was discontinued, but the Pearl Street gauge continues to collect data seasonally. The resistance gauge permits remote readout in the City Engineer s office and the wire weight provides a calibration facility for the resistance gauge. Streamflow data are summarized in Table 3-1 for three USGS stations: the Chehalis River near Grand Mound, approximately 7 miles downstream from the Skookumchuck River confluence; the Newaukum River near Chehalis; and the Skookumchuck River near Bucoda. The data show that the monthly distribution of flow is similar for the mainstem of the Chehalis River and two major tributaries flowing through the Centralia-Chehalis valley. The largest monthly flows occur in December through February, with this 3-month period accounting for over half of the annual runoff volume. The smallest mean monthly flows occur from July through September, when monthly flows range. Table 3-1. Summary of Mean Monthly Flows Period of record Chehalis River Near Grand Mound Newaukum River Near Chehalis Skookumchuck River Near Bucoda Month Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) January 6, , February 5, March 4, April 2, May 1, June Page 28 of 91

30 Table 3-1. Summary of Mean Monthly Flows Period of record Chehalis River Near Grand Mound Newaukum River Near Chehalis Skookumchuck River Near Bucoda Month Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) Flow (cfs) Percentage of Annual Flow (%) Flow per Unit Area (cfs/mi 2 ) July August September October November 3, December 6, , Annual Average 2, Source: Lewis County Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan (abbreviated), September 2008 Peak annual flood data are summarized in Table 3-2. Table 3-2. Summary of Peak Annual Floods Chehalis River near Grand Mound Newaukum River near Chehalis Skookumchuck River near Bucoda Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) 1996 Feb. 09, , Feb. 08, , Feb. 08, , Jan. 10, , Nov. 24, , Jan. 10, , Dec. 4, , Jan. 09, , Nov. 25, , Nov. 25, , Dec. 3, , Dec. 30, , Jan. 21, , Dec. 02, , Jan. 21, , Dec. 29, , Nov. 24, , Dec. 02, , Nov. 25, , Nov. 26, , Jan. 30, , Dec. 21, , Jan. 21, , Jan. 26, , Dec. 05, Dec. 29, , Feb. 01, , Jan. 26, , Jan. 31, , Dec. 04, , Dec. 30, , Jan. 30, , Dec. 17, , Jan. 23, , Jan. 15, , Feb. 01, , Feb. 10, , Jan. 26, , Jan. 16, , Jan. 31, , Dec. 16, , Jan. 24, , Jan. 17, , Dec. 04, , Dec. 16, , Feb. 18, , Jan. 25, , Dec. 28, , Dec. 03, , Feb. 23, , Jan. 18, , Nov. 26, , Dec. 17, , Feb. 04, , Jan. 15, , Dec. 09, , Feb. 24, , Dec. 21, , Dec. 04, , Jan. 14, , Jan. 26, , Jan. 18, , Jan. 05, , Dec. 22, , Jan. 30, , Jan. 15, , Jan. 06, , Jan. 14, , Feb. 20, ,100 Page 29 of 91

31 Table 3-2. Summary of Peak Annual Floods Chehalis River near Grand Mound Newaukum River near Chehalis Skookumchuck River near Bucoda Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) Year Date Maximum Flow (cfs) 1967 Dec. 14, , Feb. 07, , Dec. 26, , Jan. 20, , Dec. 12, , Jan. 30, , Dec. 18, , Nov. 20, , Jan. 14, , Dec. 17, , Feb. 17, , Dec. 04, , Nov. 21, , Jan. 25, , Nov. 18, , Jan. 25, , Apr. 01, , Mar. 27, , Feb. 09, , Jan. 14, , Dec. 5, , Feb. 22, , Dec. 23, , Mar. 03, ,770 Source: Lewis County Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan (abbreviated), September 2008 Flood data shows that almost all annual floods occurred during the fall/winter period from November through February. For the this period of record on the Chehalis River near Grand Mound, only five of the peak annual floods occurred outside of this period. Of the remaining four, two occurred in March and two in April. Examination of the flood data in Table 3-2 reveals some interesting trends. First, recent years have experienced some of the largest floods on record. As part of a Flood Insurance Study, FEMA (1981) estimated flood magnitudes at various locations in the Chehalis River basin for return periods ranging from 10 to 500 years. These flood estimates are summarized in Table 3-3. The extreme flood event in January 1990, the USGS estimated the return period of the peak flow on the Chehalis River near Grand Mound to be about 100 years; in layman terms, this storm has a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year. The return periods of the peak floods on major tributaries were less, estimated to be 30 years (3.3 percent probability) and 45 years (2.2 percent probability) on the Skookumchuck River. The USGS is expected to create new flood frequency returns in 2008 in response to the December 2007 flood event. Table 3-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Floods within the Chehalis River Basin Chehalis River Mainstem Chehalis River Peak Flood (cfs) 10-year 50-year 100-year 500-year at Grand Mound 38,700 51,600 56,000 70,000 downstream of confluence with Skookumchuck River 38,600 51,600 55,780 70,000 upstream of confluence with Skookumchuck River downstream of confluence with Newaukum River downstream of confluence with South Fork Chehalis River 32,500 42,000 45,000 59,200 32,100 38,500 42,500 58,700 24,600 32,000 35,220 43,800 at Pe Ell 15,200 20,000 23,000 28,000 Tributaries to Chehalis River 10-year 50-year 100-year 500-year Page 30 of 91

32 Table 3-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Floods within the Chehalis River Basin Skookumchuck River Chehalis River Peak Flood (cfs) 10-year 50-year 100-year 500-year at confluence with Chehalis River 8,750 11,000 13,000 17,900 Coffee Creek at confluence with Skookumchuck River Hanaford Creek at confluence with 2,100 3,150 3,700 4,800 Skookumchuck River China Creek at confluence with Chehalis River * 1 Salzer Creek at confluence with Chehalis River 600 1,070 1,360 Coal Creek at confluence with Salzer Creek South Fork Salzer Creek at confluence with Salzer Creek Middle Fork Salzer Creek at confluence with Salzer Creek * * 1 North Fork Salzer Creek at * 1 confluence with Middle Fork Salzer Creek 1Data not available - Source: FEMA 1981 Source: Lewis County Comprehensive Flood Hazard Management Plan (abbreviated), September 2008 The USACE has investigated flood damages in the Centralia-Chehalis valley and, based on historical records, has identified water levels at selected gauges that cause zero damage and major damage in the valley Flood Event The February 1996 flood was the flood of record on all major drainages in the Centralia- Chehalis valley until the 2007 flood event. Several antecedent conditions were in place before the February 6, 1996, flood of record. The ground throughout the basin was at or near saturation. Snowfall as low as 500 feet above sea level had occurred and warm, moist subtropical air was transported from the Pacific Ocean into the Pacific Northwest with a freezing level above 8,000 feet. There was also a strong polar jet stream with maximum core wind speeds in excess of 150 knots. Storms fed upon the jet stream, and this powerful jet stream sustained and strengthened the storms as they moved in off the eastern Pacific Ocean. Local atmospheric conditions had set up a blocking pattern, which meant the major troughs and ridges around the Northern Hemisphere were stationary. There was a major trough to the west of the Pacific Northwest and a major ridge to the east. This pattern makes ideal conditions for weather systems to be at maximum strength. The atmosphere remained in this pattern for at least 96 hours, maximizing precipitation amounts. Large quantities of water were released from the heavy amounts of rain and snowmelt Flood Event The December 2007 flood is the flood of record on all major drainages in the Centralia- Chehalis valley. The flood was caused by a series of strong storms. On November 29, 2007, a strong low pressure system formed in the central Pacific Ocean and was carried via the atmospheric river (pineapple express) to the Pacific Northwest. The first of the three separate storms arrived on December 1, accompanying frigid temperatures across much of Page 31 of 91

33 Washington which resulted in many areas across Washington receiving up to 14 inches of snowfall. On December 2, the second storm, which provided considerable amounts of rainfall, yet still packing cold temperatures, dumped even more snow across parts of the state. The second storm made landfall on December 2 on the Oregon coast with the hurricaneforce winds that were forecast, along with tropically-affected temperatures. In as little as two hours, temperatures across the region jumped from near freezing to above 60 degrees in areas just as the first bands of the heavy rain were hitting. The storm moved northward through Oregon and Washington with strong rain accompanying the wind. The rapid rise in temperature caused the recent snow to melt quickly, indicating that record flooding was imminent across much of the region. By the morning of December 3, extreme wind speeds by the third and most powerful Pacific storm began hitting much of the WA and OR coasts. Across the area torrents of water gouged hillsides, broke levees and overtopped dikes as flood gauges reached record highs and some blew out altogether. Late in the afternoon on December 3, the flooding of the Chehalis River forced the closure of Interstate 5 in the Chambers Way area, and by the next day a 20-mile stretch of the freeway was covered by as much as ten to fifteen feet of water in locations. The floodwaters did not start receding until December 5. Late in the evening on December 6, the Washington State Department of Transportation reopened one lane for commercial truck traffic, followed the next day by the reopening of all lanes of traffic. The economic cost of the Interstate 5 closure was roughly 47 million dollars for the 4 days. On December 3, citing rains, flooding, landslides, road closures, and extensive property damage, Governor Chris Gregoire, declared a state of emergency for the entire state on December 3. As of December 22, 2007, Lewis County, along with Clallam, Grays Harbor, King, Kitsap, Mason, Pacific, Snohomish, and Thurston Counties were eligible for federal disaster aid. At the height of the storm, at least 75,000 customers in Washington lost electric service. Many remained without power since the start of the storms. Near downtown Centralia, twenty square blocks had been flooded. The December 2007 Pacific Northwest storms and flood were blamed for at least eight deaths and billions of dollars of damage to the area. This flood was far more damaging than the one in The water rose faster, and it flooded places that no one remembers being inundated before. Floodwater from the Chehalis River inundated homes, garages and businesses in Centralia to depths of a few inches to 4 feet or more in certain sections. II. STEEP SLOPES - LANDSLIDES A landslide is defined as "the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope". (Cruden, D.M., A Simple Definition of a Landslide. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, No. 43, pp ). Landslides are a type of "mass wasting" which denotes any down slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses events such as rock falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows, such as debris flows commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides (Varnes, D.J., Landslide Types and Processes, in Turner, A. K., and R.L. Page 32 of 91

34 Schuster, Landslides: Investigation and Mitigation, Transportation Research Board Special Report 247, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press). Landslides can be initiated by rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, changes in groundwater, disturbance and change of a slope by man-made construction activities, or any combination of these factors. Failure of a slope occurs when the force that is pulling the slope downward (gravity) exceeds the strength of the earth materials that compose the slope. They can move slowly, (millimeters per year) or can move quickly and disastrously, as is the case with debris-flows. Debris-flows can travel down a hillside of speeds up to 200 miles per hour (more commonly, miles per hour), depending on the slope angle, water content, and type of earth and debris in the flow. These flows are initiated by heavy, usually sustained, periods of rainfall, but sometimes can happen as a result of short bursts of concentrated rainfall in susceptible areas. Burned areas charred by wildfires are particularly susceptible to debris flows, given certain soil characteristics and slope conditions. III. EARTHQUAKES There are many faults in the Pacific Northwest that can produce damaging earthquakes, including hard-to-identify faults that exist entirely underground and have not been identified at the earth's surface. At the same time, some mapped faults have been located that have not generated earthquakes in recent geologic time. New faults continue to be discovered as more field observations and earthquake data are collected. (Map: Major Fault Zones in the Puget Sound. Source: Gower and others, 1985, "Seismotectonic Map of the Puget Sound Region, Washington", USGS Map I-1613) There are three different sources for damaging earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest. The first of these is the "Cascadia Subduction Zone", a 1000 km long thrust fault which is the convergent boundary between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates and is the most extensive fault in the Pacific Northwest area. It surfaces about 50 miles offshore along the coasts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and northern California. No historic earthquakes have been directly recorded from Page 33 of 91

35 this source zone. According to recent research, an earthquake estimated to be as large as 8.0 to 9.0 occurred in this zone in January of The second source for damaging earthquakes is the Benioff Zone. This zone is the continuation of the extensive faulting that results as the subducting plate is forced into the upper mantle. The Benioff Zone can probably produce earthquakes with magnitudes as large as 7.5. Benioff Zone earthquakes are deeper than 30km. The third source consists of shallow crustal earthquake activity (depths of 0 to 20 km) within the North American continental plate where faulting is extensive. Recent examples occurred near Bremerton in 1997, near Duvall in 1996, off Maury Island in 1995, near Deming in 1990, near North Bend in 1945, just north of Portland in 1962, and on the St. Helens seismic zone (a fault zone running north-northwest through Mount St. Helens) in All these earthquakes were about M The largest historic earthquake in Washington (estimated at M7.4), the North Cascades earthquake of 1872, is also thought to have been shallow. It may rank as Washington s most widely felt earthquake. Because of its remote location and the relatively small population in the region, though, damage was light. In the 20th century, there were eleven earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater that have occurred near Puget Sound: in 1904 (M 5.3), 1909 (M 6.0), 1932 (M 5.2), 1939 (M 6.2), 1945 (M5.9) 1946 (M 6.4), 1949 (M 7.0), 1965 (M 6.5), 1995 (M 5.0), 1996 (M 5.3), and 1999 (M 5.1). Most of the events are associated with deep Benioff zone earthquake activity that effects the Pacific Northwest Region. The 1995 and 1996 events were shallow crustal events. The most recent major earthquake, the Nisqually quake, was a magnitude 6.8 quake and struck near Olympia, WA on February 28, In the Nisqually earthquake, the hypocenter, or point beneath the surface at which the rupture starts, was at 52 kilometers (32 miles). The area of rupture was approximately 30 kilometers by 10 kilometers (18 miles by 6 miles) and slipped approximately one yard. The epicenter was just off the Nisqually delta in Puget Sound. Most of the damage was sustained in the Olympia and Seattle areas. Earthquake Damage The principal ways in which earthquakes cause damage are by strong ground shaking, by the secondary effects of ground failures (surface rupture, ground cracking, landslides, liquefaction, subsidence), or by tsunamis and seiches. Most building damage is caused by ground shaking. Page 34 of 91

36 Ground Shaking The strength of ground shaking generally decreases with distance from the earthquake source, but locally can be much higher than adjacent areas, due to amplification. Strong shaking of long duration is one of the most damaging characteristics of great subduction zone earthquakes. Strong shaking is a hazard both near the epicenter of an earthquake and in areas where amplification occurs. West Seattle and certain areas of downtown Olympia are examples of places where ground motion has been documented as being significantly stronger than in adjacent areas during the same earthquake. Most of the damage and deaths in earthquakes are caused by strong ground motion. (Map: Seismic Hazard Map for the Pacific Northwest. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior/U.S. Geological Survey URL: Ground Failures Ground failures accompanying earthquakes include fault rupture (surface faulting), ground cracking, subsidence, liquefaction, and landslides. IV. FIRE The Riverside Fire Authority provide progressive and professional fire, emergency medical, rescue, and hazardous materials response to approximately 26,000 citizens residing throughout the 184 square miles of Centralia, Hanaford Valley, Seminary Hill, Cooks Hill, Lincoln Creek Valley, Independence Valley and Garrard Creek. The Riverside Fire Authority is comprised of 30 full time staff and a diverse group of community based volunteer personnel. Because of the limited fire protection services in the outer UGA areas, urban wildland fires are a definite concern. Of specific concern are the wooded areas of urban wildland interface on Widgeon Hill, Seminary Hill, Ham Hill, Davis Hill, and Cooks Hill that are within the City limits and its Urban Growth Areas. V. VOLCANIC EVENT The City of Centralia is located in an area where volcanic events have occurred in both the ancient and recent past. Volcanoes produce a wide variety of hazards that can cause personal harm and destroy property. Large explosive eruptions can endanger people and property hundreds of miles away and even affect global climate. Some of the volcano hazards, such as landslides, can occur even when a volcano is not erupting. Volcano hazards include: eruption columns and clouds, volcanic gases, lava flows and domes, pyroclastic flows, volcano landslides, and mudflows or debris flows. VI. SEVERE STORM A severe storm is an atmospheric disturbance that results in one or more of the following phenomena: strong winds and large hail, thunderstorms, tornados, rain, snow, or other Page 35 of 91

37 mixed precipitation. Typically, major impacts from a severe storm are to transportation and loss of utilities. The following severe storm elements that could occur in Centralia is: high winds, ice storms, winter storms; and blizzards. VII. OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS The likelihood of avalanche, drought or tsunami/seiche is very low within the City of Centralia but flooding, earthquakes, volcanic, and high winds are imminent concerns. Natural Hazard Events for Centralia (1970-Present) (Declared Emergencies) Type of Event Date Flooding February 1971 Mt. St. Helen s Eruption May 1980 Flooding November 1986 Flooding January 1990 Flooding April 1990 Windstorm January 1993 Flooding 1996 Nisqually Earthquake 2001 Flooding November 2006 High Winds December 2006 Flooding December 2007 Page 36 of 91

38 SECTION 4: RISK ASSESSMENT ASSESSING THE PROBLEM I. An overall summary of each hazard identified in the hazard assessment and its impact of the community. II. A description of the impact that the hazards identified in the hazard assessment have on life, safety, and health and the need and procedures for warning and evacuating residents and visitors; III. A description of the impact that the hazards identified in the hazard assessment have on critical facilities and infrastructure IV. The number and types of buildings subject to the hazards identified in the hazard assessment V. A review of all properties that have received flood claims or an estimate of the potential dollars losses to vulnerable structures VI. A description of areas that provide natural and beneficial functions, such as wetlands, riparian areas, sensitive areas, and habitat for rare or endangered species VII. A description of development, redevelopment, and population trends and a discussion of what the future brings for development and redevelopment in the community, the watershed, and natural resource areas VIII. A summary of the impact of each hazard on the community s economy and tax base Plan Requirement: The assessment of the vulnerability of the community to the hazards identified includes the following elements: An overall summary of each hazard identified in the hazard assessment and its impact of the community. A description of the impact that the hazards identified in the hazard assessment have on life, safety, and health and the need and procedures for warning and evacuating residents and visitors. A description of the impact that the hazards identified in the hazard assessment have on critical facilities and infrastructure; The number and types of buildings subject to the hazards identified in the hazard assessment; A review of all properties that have received flood claims or an estimate of the potential dollars losses to vulnerable structures; Page 37 of 91

39 A description of areas that provide natural and beneficial functions, such as wetlands, riparian areas, sensitive areas, and habitat for rare or endangered species; A description of development, redevelopment, and population trends and a discussion of what the future brings for development and redevelopment in the community, the watershed, and natural resource areas; A summary of the impact of each hazard on the community s economy and tax base. I. AN OVERALL SUMMARY OF EACH HAZARD IDENTIFIED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND ITS IMPACT OF THE COMMUNITY. A. Flooding Hazard Analysis In the Centralia-Chehalis valley, flood hazard is mainly associated with inundation. Bank erosion presents a hazard in localized areas along the Skookumchuck River in Centralia. Areas that regularly become inundated along the mainstem Chehalis River including backwater flooding on Coffee, China, Salzer, and Dillenbaugh Creeks typically contain slow-moving water. Structural damage to buildings caused by high velocity flow in the inundated areas has not been a significant problem historically. Overbank flow along the Skookumchuck River does typically have higher velocities than the mainstem Chehalis, although extensive erosion or structural damage from the Skookumchuck River has not been reported during any historical flood. Flooding in the Chehalis River system, including the Skookumchuck River, is disruptive and potentially dangerous to residents of the area. Inundation by floodwaters disrupts transportation routes such as I-5, the main north south transportation route between Seattle and Portland; forces evacuation of homes and commercial establishments; and can temporarily put sewage treatment plants out of service. A main line of the Burlington Northern Railroad also crosses the floodplain from east to west on the Chehalis River near Chehalis. The tracks are subject to damage at various locations during large floods. The Chehalis-Centralia airport is protected by a dike system, but the dikes were overtopped during the January 1990, 1996, and 2007 flood events, closing the airport. Except for the urban areas of Centralia and Chehalis, only scattered developments exist in the floodplain. Most of the floodplain is devoted to agricultural or related purposes. Flooding has been a familiar problem to residents in the Chehalis River valley, particularly in the urbanized areas of Centralia and Chehalis. The main flood season for the Chehalis River is in late autumn and winter. Most major floods result from heavy rains during this period. Some floods are augmented by melting snow, but because the Chehalis River originates in the Cascade foothills, it is influenced less by snowpack than many Cascade mountain range rivers. The distribution of flooding within the Chehalis River basin varies between flood events, depending on the response of major tributaries. Variations in the amount and timing of storm rainfall cause tributaries to peak at different times with each storm event. This unpredictability makes flood forecasting difficult for the twin cities. Although the flood hazards in Centralia are generalized in nature, it is possible to identify specific urgent problem areas where flooding is particularly troublesome or expensive to residents. The following list of problem areas has been indentified within the City of Centralia: Page 38 of 91

40 Salzer Creek/Fairgrounds area. Flooding in the lower portion of the Salzer Creek basin is exacerbated by backwater effects from the Chehalis River. During a flood event, backwater from the Chehalis River becomes trapped upstream from the I-5 roadway and Burlington Northern railroad embankments. A dike on the north side of Salzer Creek, upstream from the railroad embankment, was designed to protect the fairgrounds, immediately to the north, from backwater flooding. During the January 1990 flood, water entered the fairgrounds by overtopping and outflanking the dike. Once floodwater enters the fairgrounds, there is no outlet for it. Because the fairgrounds are lower than Gold Street to the east, a greater depth of water is able to accumulate on the fairgrounds. A water depth of approximately 8 feet stood in the fairgrounds during the January 1990 flood. Wastewater Treatment Plant(s). For the City of Centralia, the Mellen Street plant is still subject to risk during flooding and may become inoperable. Centralia s new wastewater treatment plant on Goodrich Road is out of the 100-year floodplain and should remain operable through any floods up to and including the 100-year event. Coffee Creek. The lower end of the Coffee Creek drainage becomes inundated during floods, in some cases isolating residents upstream. Some of the floodwater comes by overland flow from the Skookumchuck River. The Zenkner Valley, where Coffee Creek flows, is naturally a very low gradient, poorly drained valley, and tends to collect standing water during the wet season. Centralia Business District. The Centralia Business District is vulnerable to flooding from the Skookumchuck River and China Creek. Overbank flow on the Skookumchuck River can have high velocities, resulting in damage to structures. Currently, much of the left bank (south side) of the river is leveed, but the levees do not meet current USACE standards. China Creek is confined to pipes and culverts throughout most of the Centralia downtown area. During major floods, the capacity of these structures is exceeded. Hospital. During the January 1990, 1996 and in 2007 floods, the hospital located on Cooks Hill Road in Centralia was not flooded, but all access routes to the hospital were inundated, causing the facility to be inaccessible from the ground. B. Steep Slopes Hazard Analysis The Centralia area is characterized by a broad floodplain and low terraces surrounded by upland valleys of low to moderate relief that have broad, rounded ridges. Waunch and Ford s Prairies and Zenkner and Hanaford Valleys to the north are flat and range from 210 to 230 feet in elevation. East of Centralia is a plateau of approximately 500 feet. To the north and northwest are valleys and prairies that are separated by finger ridges, with slopes that rise from feet to elevations of over 500 feet. Lincoln creek starts just west of the old Monarch mine and runs east until it reaches Coffee creek. The City is surrounded by Ham Hill, Seminary Hill, Cooks Hill, Davis Hill, and Widgeon Hill. The hills surround the City while the Chehalis River and the Skookumchuck River: are dominant features in the lowlands. The diverse landscape contains features such as steep slopes and floodplains that make development challenging and contain habitats that contribute to the biological diversity for which Western Washington is famous. Page 39 of 91

41 Centralia s UGA area of Davis Hill is characterized by several abandoned coal mines. These mines can pose both environmental and safety concerns. Other concerns include the steep slopes which are common in the Davis Hill and Cooks Hill areas, as well as portions of Widgeon Hill. Landslides are a result of slope instability and loading which causes the slope to fail. The conditions that lead to landslides are usually predictable. Most damage in urban areas occurs on land that has shown past land sliding or recent instability. Planning to reduce landslide hazards involves the identification of hazardous slopes and an assessment of future hazards. Development in areas of high landslide hazard potential should be avoided. A geotechnical analysis can determine the adequate steps needed to determine buildable and non-buildable areas mapping the hazardous slopes. The City requires developments on slopes over 30% to be identified and a geotechnical report to be completed prior to development. Slopes over 40% will be identified as nonbuildable. C. Earthquake Hazard Analysis Earthquakes occur with great frequency in Western Washington. The United States is divided into seismic hazard zones based upon historic documents. These zones range from 1 to 4, with 4 representing the highest risk. Centralia is located in a seismic hazard zone of three (3). Earthquake effects include ground shaking, ground failure (compaction and settling, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides). Interactions between bedrock and overlying soil can amplify motion. At any one spot, shaking intensity reflects earthquake source, distance from the event, geometric focusing or defocusing, local soil conditions and, if indoors, the building response. Every building, bridge, tower, dam, dock, etc. has a particular structural response to shaking. One building may be more resistant to certain frequencies than others. Liquefaction hazard areas usually coincide with soft or loose saturated soils having a shallow ground water table. These areas are located mostly in river valleys and floodplains. Considering earthquake hazards in land-use decisions can often reduce future earthquake damage. The use of appropriate engineering and construction design reduces the hazard, as well as involving communities in earthquake preparedness programs. The consequences of building in areas exposed to earthquake hazards should be a consideration in land use decision-making. Property owners in hazardous areas may be at greater risk of injury and loss during an earthquake. The City requires that all developments meet the standards of the International Building Code (IBC) with respect to seismic standards. D. Fire Hazard (urban wildfire) Analysis Wildland-urban interface fires occur when a fire burning in wildland vegetation (fuels) are close enough with its flames and/or firebrands (wind lofted burning embers) to potentially create ignition of combustible residential fuels. Page 40 of 91

42 Residential fire destruction is the principal problem during wildland-urban fires, but homes that do not ignite do not burn. Recognizing the potential for wildland-urban home ignitions and preventing home ignitions is the principal challenge. Understanding how homes ignite during wildland-urban fires provides the basis for appropriately assessing the potential for home ignition and thereby effectively mitigating wildland-urban fire ignitions. Fires do not spread by flowing over the landscape and high intensity fires do not engulf objects, as do avalanches and tsunamis. All fires spread by meeting the requirements for combustion that is, a sufficiency of fuel, heat, and oxygen. In the context of severe wildland-urban fires, oxygen is not a limiting factor so this type of fire spreads according to a sufficiency of fuel and heat. Homes are the fuel and the heat comes from the flames and/or firebrands of the surrounding fires. Recent research indicates that the potential for home ignitions during wildfires including those of high intensity principally depends on a home s fuel characteristics and the heat sources within feet adjacent to a home. There is potential for urban wild land interface fire for Widgeon Hill, Seminary Hill, Ham Hill, Davis Hill, and Cooks Hill areas. In the recently subdivided areas, most of the trees have been cleared, but the potential does exist. Otherwise, there are structural fires that happen throughout the community. E. Volcanic Hazard Analysis If there is a volcanic event within Centralia it would more than likely be from Mount St. Helens or Mt. Rainer. Mount St. Helens is one of a group of high volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range between northern California and southern British Columbia. The distribution of these volcanic peaks in a broad band that roughly parallels the coastline is typical of the so-called Ring of Fire, a roughly circular array of volcanoes located on islands, peninsulas, and the margins of continents that rim the Pacific Ocean. A major issue following a eruption would be dealing with the large amounts of volcanic ash. Volcanic ash is pulverized rock ejected from a volcano. Unlike wood ash, newly ejected volcanic ash is sharp and abrasive. It can damage car finishes and scratch eyes. It can clog machinery, vents, and pipes, and can cause respiratory discomfort. In large enough quantities, its weight can be enough to collapse roofs, especially if it gets wet. Even before it began erupting, Mount St. Helens, and at least six other volcanoes in the Cascade Range, were known to be "active" - that is, to have erupted at least once during historical time. Few major Cascade volcanoes are known to have been inactive long enough to be considered "extinct" or incapable of further eruption. Most display some evidence of residual volcanic heat, such as fumaroles, hot springs, or hot ground where snow melt is unusually rapid. The catastrophic eruption on May 18, 1980 was preceded by 2 months of intense activity that included more than 10,000 earthquakes, hundreds of small phreatic (steam blast) explosions, and the outward growth of the volcano's entire north flank by more than 80 meters. A magnitude 5.1 earthquake struck beneath the volcano at 8:32 a.m. on May 18, setting in motion the devastating eruption. Page 41 of 91

43 Within seconds of the earthquake, the volcano's bulging north flank slid away in the largest landslide in recorded history, triggering a destructive, lethal lateral blast of hot gas, steam, and rock debris that swept across the landscape as fast as 1,100 kilometers per hour. The lateral blast, which lasted only the first few minutes of a 9-hour continuous eruption, devastated more than 150 square miles of forest and recreation area, killed countless animals, and left about 60 persons dead or missing. Temperatures within the blast reached as high as 300 degrees Celsius. Snow and ice on the volcano melted, forming torrents of water and rock debris that swept down river valleys leading from the volcano. Within minutes, a massive plume of ash thrust 15 miles into the sky, where the prevailing wind carried about 490 tons of ash across 57,000 square kilometers of the Western United States. The 9-hour eruption, the huge debris avalanche that immediately preceded it, and intermittent eruptions during the following 3 days removed about 4 billion cubic yards (0.7 cubic mile) of new magmatic material and of the upper and northern parts of the mountain, including about 170 million cubic yards (0.03 cubic mile) of glacial snow and ice. The eruption caused pyroclastic flows and mudflows, the largest of which produced deposits so extensive and voluminous that they reached and blocked the shipping channel of the Columbia River about 70 river miles from the volcano. Following the 1980 explosive eruption, more than a dozen extrusions of thick, pasty lava built a mound-shaped lava dome in the new crater. The dome is about 1,100 meters in diameter and 250 meters tall. F. Severe Wind Storm Hazard Analysis There are two different wind patterns common in Western Washington. First, a pattern that brings strong winds to the lowlands of Western Washington and second, a pattern that brings strong easterly winds to the Cascade foothills. The Western Washington Lowland Wind Pattern is developed when a storm moving from the Pacific Ocean in a northeasterly direction across the tip of Washington and into southern British Columbia, Canada. This is a typical fall and wintertime storm pattern that creates wind storms in the Puget Sound and Lowlands of Western Washington. When the storm moves inland and crosses the I-5 corridor running north and south, the air in the relatively higher pressure area to the south acquires a direct path to the low pressure center of the storm moving easterly across the north of the state. The winds moving north are accelerated by the topography of the local terrain. To the east of the I-5 corridor is the Cascade Mountain Range and to the west is the Olympic Mountain Range. These mountain ranges create a tunnel for winds moving north and south. As the air moving north gets "squeezed" by the mountains on both sides of Puget Sound, it accelerates. The Cascade Wind Pattern presents a strong high pressure area in eastern Washington and a low pressure storm area off the coast of western Washington. This creates an easterly wind pattern, or wind that races from the high pressure area in the east to the low pressure area in the west. The Cascade Mountain Range stands as a formidable barrier to these easterly Page 42 of 91

44 winds, so they seek passage through whatever cracks in the range they can find - the passes. And as they race through these relatively narrow passages, they accelerate in speed. Southwest Coastal Storms is when a strong winter storm system from the southwest approaches Washington, winds from the Cascade wind pattern will accelerate as the storm approaches the western shores of Washington. As the storm center continues to move north, the Cascade winds will decrease while southeasterly winds will sweep across the northwest interior. Finally, if the storm center moves inland in an easterly or northeasterly direction, the Puget Sound region will feel the brunt of winds sweeping north from the south. G. Other Natural Hazards Analysis Other natural hazards to which residents of the Puget Sound region in Washington state are subject include: snow storms, tsunamis or seiches, avalanches, and droughts. Most of these hazards are due to the region's maritime climate. In this type of climate it is common for air temperatures to rise above freezing during cold winter months and for precipitation to change from snow to rain during mid-winter storm cycles. Temperatures in the region can often change by several degrees within minutes. It might be hard to believe that Washington state could be subject to periods of drought given its reputation for rain nine months out of the year. But periods of as little as 30 days where no measurable rainfall is recorded have resulted in crop failures as well as an increase in forest fires. Droughts and fires severely impact two of Washington's major industries: agriculture and timber. The effects of these natural hazards can cause loss of life, property damage, and disruptions in power, utilities, transportation and shipping. Telephone systems (both cell and land line), sewer systems and natural gas lines can also be impacted and disrupted. Due to the ongoing threat of these natural hazards to the public, education and awareness efforts should be increased. Forethought in planning and development are crucial to forestalling the effects of some of these natural hazards upon ourselves. It is also important for residents to acquire adequate hazard insurance, be educated in fire response and safety measures, and emergency first aid procedures. II. A DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPACT THAT THE HAZARDS IDENTIFIED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENT HAVE ON LIFE, SAFETY, AND HEALTH AND THE NEED AND PROCEDURES FOR WARNING AND EVACUATING RESIDENTS AND VISITORS. The location of the City of Centralia with a majority of the city located in the 100-year floodplain results in a high flood hazard. The City is also in close proximity to Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Rainer two potential active volcanoes and the City is not far from an active fault line in Olympia. Page 43 of 91

45 To protect the safety of its residents the City of Centralia adopted a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The CEMP goals is to help minimize the impacts of disasters and other emergencies in the City of Centralia by saving lives, protecting property, sustaining the economy, and preserving the environment. It is the policy of the Centralia s (City) government, in order to protect lives, property, and the economic base of the community and in cooperation with other public and private organizations of the community, to endeavor to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from all natural and technological emergencies and disasters. The normal day-to-day functions of many local agencies will be interrupted by disaster conditions. Therefore, the employees and equipment of those agencies can readily be committed to the support of disaster response and recovery efforts. The mission of the plan is to develop well defined operational procedures to insure an effective, organized response to save lives, assist disaster victims, minimize damage, and protect property. The CEMP is intended to be both "generic" and "hazard specific, covering the entire range of emergency and disaster situations from natural disasters to the technological hazards created as a byproduct of our modern society. The CEMP considers that emergencies and disasters are likely to occur as described in the Lewis County Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment. III. A DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPACT THAT THE HAZARDS IDENTIFIED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENT HAVE ON CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE. Critical facilities are defined in the Community Rating system Manual is as follows: Structures or facilities that produce, use, or store highly volatile, flammable, explosive, toxic and /or water-reactive materials; Hospitals, nursing homes, and housing likely to contain occupants who may not be sufficiently mobile to avoid death or injury during a flood; Police stations, fire stations, vehicle and equipment storage facilities, and emergency operations centers that are needed for flood response activities before, during, and after a flood; and Public and private utility facilities that are vital to maintaining or restoring normal services to flooded areas before, during, and after a flood. Element Storm Drains Infrastructure and Critical Facilities Summary Open Ditches Catch Basins 2,115 Drywells 71 Retention/Detention stormwater facilities 16 Bridges 18+ bridges Measurement 116,160 linear feet of storm water conveyance pipe miles ½ mile Page 44 of 91

46 Infrastructure and Critical Facilities Summary Element Measurement Street/road 91 miles Water Consumption (13 wells) 13 wells, 6 active sources Water mains 124 miles Sanitary Sewers 65 miles Sanitary Pump Stations 24 stations Wastewater Treatment Plant 2.09 mgpd Yelm Hydroelectric Plant 1 plant Transmission system 26.2 miles of 69-kV Distribution system 250 miles of 12-kV City Hall/Police Station (EOC) 22,000 sq. ft. Util. Customer Service Center 1,750 sq. ft. Utility Building (shops) 21,800 sq. ft. Wastewater Building 10,950 sq. ft. Washington Park (Timberline) Library 13,500 sq. ft. Parks and Recreation Building 19,000 sq. ft. Rifle Club Building 10,080 sq. ft. JNL Building 5,750 sq. ft. Union Depot 14,225 sq. ft. Critical Facilities and Other Uses to be Evacuated including status of Emergency Planning Emergency Operation Center (EOC) is located at City Hall 118 West Maple, Centralia, WA Building Address Contact Number Centralia Timberland Library 110 S. Silver St. Centralia College 600 Centralia College Blvd (360) Centralia High School 813 Eshom Road (360) Centralia Middle School 901 Johnson Rd (360) Edison Elementary 607 H Street (360) Fords Prairie Elementary 1620 Harrison Ave. (360) Jefferson-Lincoln Elementary 400 West Summa St. (360) Oakview Elementary 201 Oakview Ave. (360) Washington Elementary 800 Field Street (360) Centralia Christian School 1315 South Tower (360) Calvary Academy 268 Big Hanaford Road (360) Note: This is not an all encompassing list of all critical facilities that would need to be evacuated during an emergency. Evacuation during an emergency will depend on the type of hazard and the amount of destruction that takes place. Critical Facilities Vulnerability Assessment Building Address Square feet City Owned Facilities City Hall/Police Station (EOC) 118 West Maple Street 22,000 Utility Customer Service Center 500 North Pearl 1,750 Utility Building (shops) 1100 North Tower 21,800 Wastewater Building 1401 West Mellen 10,950 Sewer Treatment Facility 1545 Goodrich Road N/A Washington Park (Timberline) Library 110 S. Silver St. 13,500 Page 45 of 91

47 Critical Facilities Vulnerability Assessment Building Address Square feet Parks and Recreation Building 902 Johnson Road 19,000 Rifle Club Building 908 Johnson Road 10,080 JNL Building 415 North Pearl 5,750 Union Depot 210 Railroad Avenue 14,225 China Creek Lift Station 1401 W. Mellon Other Facilities Address Square feet Riverside Fire Station 1818 Harrison Avenue 15,000 Riverside Fire Station (Downtown) 512 North Pearl 13,500 Providence Centralia Hospital 914 Scheuber Road N/A Centralia High School 813 Eshom Road 133,695 Centralia Middle School 901 Johnson Rd 88,472 Edison Elementary 607 H Street 33,502 Fords Prairie Elementary 1620 Harrison Ave. 35,040 Jefferson-Lincoln Elementary 400 West Summa St. 34,651 Oakview Elementary 201 Oakview Ave. 38,231 Washington Elementary 800 Field Street 46,278 Centralia Christian School 1315 South Tower 37,800 Calvary Academy 268 Big Hanaford Road N/A Nursing or Elderly Care Facilities Address Contact Number Logan Street Manor 1410 Logan Street (360) Assured Home and Hospice 1821 Cooks Hill Road (360) Lander House 607 Lander Drive (360) Liberty Country Place 917 S Scheuber Road (360) Logan House Adult Family Homes 1409 Logan Street (360) Olympic Health Care I & II LLC 802 Atherton Street (360) Riverside Nursing & Rehabilitation Center 1305 Alexander St (360) Sharon Care Center 1509 Harrison Avenue (360) Tiffin House II 1135 Eshom Road (360) Tiffin House LLC 812 Cowlitz Road (360) Guest Only Care Center 1215 S Tower Ave (360) Colonial Residence-Stillwaters 2700 Colonial Drive (360) Best Quality Home Care 317 South Berry Street (360) Olympic Health Care 610 Hamilton Ave (360) Serenity Care, Inc. 821 H Street (360) Note: This is not an all encompassing list of all critical facilities within the City. IV. THE NUMBER AND TYPES OF BUILDINGS SUBJECT TO THE HAZARDS IDENTIFIED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENT. Community Profile Land Use Information Acres Percentage of City Total Land Area including UGA 10, % Residential land area in UGA 6, % Industrial land area in UGA 1, % Page 46 of 91

48 Community Profile Land Use Information Acres Percentage of City Commercial land area in UGA % Public Facilities land area in UGA % Parks and Open Space land area in UGA % Medical/Health Care land area in UGA % Total Land (includes ROW) 10, Total Land within City Limits 4, Total Transportation ROW 20-30% Total Wetlands in City and UGA Total City and UGA in Floodplain 2,549 25% Year Community Profile: Number, Types and if Available, Elevations of Buildings Single Family Multi-family Dwelling Units Permits Units Non-residential Structures Total 314 Units 394 Units 127 Structures This inventory was complied from the regularly updated existing Land Use maps, and supplemented with building permit records. Building construction since the City joined the NFIP program are elevated to one-foot above the 100-year flood elevation. Some commercial and industrial structures have opted for flood proofing when elevating the structure interfered with operations, such as truck access. Non-residential buildings in Centralia may be flood proofed in lieu of elevating in accordance with FEMA Technical Bulletin Elevation Certificates are available on all buildings constructed since the city joined the NFIP program. Since 1999 elevation Certificate are required by a licensed surveyor to complete a number of elevations, and to document the condition of the crawlspace. The 100-year flood elevation ranges from 203 feet in the northeast areas along the Skookumchuck river of the City to 156 feet on the northwest area along the Chehalis by Galvin Road. Building Characterization 1. Residential Structures 6,316 dwelling units Household size 2.4 Page 47 of 91

49 Estimated value of each structure - in 2007 the median home cost is $239,000 Predominant structure type wood frame (all residential and multi-family) Percentage of Residential Structures Built By Year % % % % % 1939 or Earlier 25% % 2. Commercial/Industrial Total commercial/industrial structures - 2,308 public facilities and commercial/industrial structures Predominant structure type Steel warehouses and concrete tilt-up V. A REVIEW OF ALL PROPERTIES THAT HAVE RECEIVED FLOOD CLAIMS OR AN ESTIMATE OF THE POTENTIAL DOLLARS LOSSES TO VULNERABLE STRUCTURES. Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss. Flood damage costs are a way to compare the impacts of different size floods. Flood damage information was obtained by the USACE from field investigations, damage survey reports, and personal interviews with homeowners, farmers, businessmen, and federal, state, county, city, and public utility officials. Eyewitness accounts of flooding and reports of damage in local newspapers were also used in identifying and quantifying flood damages. Precise information on private property damage is, for the most part, unavailable. FEMA collects several types of data for private property: human resources claims, and requests for short-term assistance and claims through the NFIP and the Small Business Administration (SBA). Inspections are performed on all damaged structures including homes after a flood event. A structure will receive a green, yellow, or red tag depending on the amount of damage. If a home is posted with a red tagged it has taken on a substantial amount of damage and a yellow less damage. The information is compiled into the FEMA Residential Substantial Damage Estimator (RSDE) database and can be compounded with future damage to any property. This is one way the City is tracking substantial damage to each flooded structure within the community. Human resource claims data and the damage reported in the newspapers are not necessarily alike. Human resource data are aggregated by zip code to protect the privacy of applicants, which makes it difficult to identify localized flood problems, trends, and causes. Another factor to consider is the unreported private property damages. Flood insurance claims were either not filed due to lapsed flood insurance policies, or to fear of increased rates. Unfortunately, this is a common misconception; rates do not automatically increase Page 48 of 91

50 based on submission of claims. In any case, the actual damages are likely understated and do not reflect the true magnitude of problems. In the 2007 flood it is estimated that approximately 600 homes and 120 businesses were damaged by the flood waters within the City limits. Estimate of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures: a. Vulnerable structures in Centralia are typically older structures that do not meet current codes. In a major flood event, million of dollars in losses is possible. In the 2007 flood there were at least 1,300 homes in Lewis County that were damaged and caused property damage estimated at $166 million. The scope of the flood damages is related to the magnitude of the flood and location. Low-lying areas, especially river valleys, have flooded regularly for hundreds of years. The 2007 and the 1996 flood events were the most severe and affected interstate travel, thus making the associated damage costs (estimated over $100 million) the highest to date. b. Structures built in the last 20 years that comply with current codes for flood, seismic, wind and snow loads are less vulnerable to hazards. The Flood Insurance rate structure has been substantially modified through the application of Technical Bulletin Homeowners are getting their flood insurance policies re-rated and substantially increased based on changing interpretations of crawl spaces and basements, in spite of statements by state and federal agencies that the rate structures is grandfathered in at the time of issuance of the original elevation certificate for the home. VI. A DESCRIPTION OF AREAS THAT PROVIDE NATURAL AND BENEFICIAL FUNCTIONS, SUCH AS WETLANDS, RIPARIAN AREAS, SENSITIVE AREAS, AND HABITAT FOR RARE OR ENDANGERED SPECIES. The City of Centralia and its Urban Growth Area have a rich diversity of terrain and natural features. The City is surrounded by Ham Hill, Seminary Hill, Cooks Hill, Davis Hill, and Widgeon Hill. The hills surround the City while the Chehalis River and the Skookumchuck River: are dominant features in the lowlands. The diverse landscape contains features such as steep slopes and floodplains that make development challenging and contain habitats that contribute to the biological diversity for which Western Washington is famous. The Chehalis River and its tributary streams eventually flow to the Pacific Ocean. The streams and rivers support anadromous and resident fish. The riparian corridors support a variety of other birds and wildlife. The northern portions of the City contain high quality glacial deposits and alluvial river gravels. It is here that the City's aquifers and gravel mines are located. Historic coal mines are located in the Urban Growth Area and northeast of the City's jurisdiction. Page 49 of 91

51 Many of our wetlands are associated with the stream corridors or are remnants of the glacial past. They drain poorly because of clay or cemented till left from the Ice Ages. Their organic soils don't support roads or buildings well, but they are fertile wildlife habitats. Wetlands have many environmental benefits including water purification, flood protection, groundwater recharge, and streamflow maintenance. The Washington Code RCW 36.70A.030 (5) identifies five areas and ecosystems which are collectively called critical areas. The "critical areas" include: (a) Wetlands; (b) areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water; (c) fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas; (d) frequently flooded areas; and (e) geologically hazardous areas. Wetlands In the past, wetlands were viewed as undesirable mosquito-breeding swamps. Filling them in was considered progress. Today, wetlands have been determined to be critical transitional areas between aquatic and upland habitats. They include the presence of water, unique hydric soils and hydrophytic vegetation (plants adapted to growing in very wet conditions). As such, they are vitally important. Natural wetlands help clean and improve the water quality of surface water. They create detention areas for water overflow, keeping the land from flooding. They also provide habitat for many animal and plant species. Wetlands can be identified by reviewing a National Wetlands Inventory map or having a wetland study conducted. The City currently uses the National Wetland Inventory Map to identify possible wetlands and evaluates also individual properties for potential wetlands as part of the development review process. When a potential wetland area is found, a study is conducted to determine the appropriateness of wetland designation. Wetlands are identified and delineated using the standards of the Washington State Department of Ecology Wetland Delineation Manual. RCW 36.70A.175 & Rivers, Creek, and Water Bodies The Chehalis River Basin is the second largest drainage basin in the state and covers 2,114 square miles (see Centralia Rivers and Lakes Map). The City of Centralia lies in the middle of the basin. The Chehalis River and its tributaries that affect Centralia are as follows: Chehalis River. The River covers over 100 river miles and covers a drainage area of around 123 square miles. River banks in this area are commonly lined with deciduous trees and/or brush. Skookumchuck River. The River headwater begins in the foothills of the Cascade Range and meanders southwesterly along Waunch Prairie until its confluence with the Chehalis River between Hayes and Plummer lakes in Centralia. The River covers 38 river miles and covers a drainage area of 180 square miles. Salzer Creek. Salzer Creek runs northwest along the Salzer Valley, then turns south and west until it meets the Chehalis River west of Interstate 5. The Salzer Creek drainage basin consists of approximately 17 miles, mostly through agricultural and forested lands. A majority of the Creek is located outside of Centralia. Hanaford Creek. This creek is a major tributary of the Skookumchuck River. Scammon Creek. Is a short tributary to the Chehalis River and enters the main stem on the south bank at river mile 65. Its flow in the dry season is very low to dry. Page 50 of 91

52 China Creek. This creek is mostly a manmade ditch that flows through the City and discharges to the Chehalis River at river mile 67; it is primarily a conduit of urban stormwater during the wet and dry seasons. Coffee Creek. Coffee Creek is a long tributary to the Skookumchuck River that originates in Thurston County and enters the river between Interstate 5 and Pearl Street. A portion of Coffee Creek has been channelized within a drainage control ditch that extends from West Roanoake Avenue to the Skookumchuck River. Hayes (17.4 ac), Plummer 20.1 ac), and Fort Borst (6.8 ac) lakes. These lakes are former borrow pits that were created as a result of the construction of Interstate 5 in the 1950s. Reynolds lakes. There are three small lakes (2.66 ac, 5.68 ac, 1.97 ac) just south of Reynolds road which are the result of gravel excavations. Coffee Creek runs north of the largest of these lakes and adjoins the furthest west lake. Agnew Mill ponds. There are two small bodies of water which were once holding ponds for nearby logging activities. China Creek runs through these lakes. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas Wildlife diversity is often an indicator of the environmental health of the area. Protecting wildlife requires the protection of habitat and the creation and protection of wildlife corridors between habitat areas. As in most urban areas the wildlife habitat is not pristine being adjacent to a built environment. With the decrease of certain types of habitats through urbanization extensive wildlife corridors no longer exist creating a loss of biodiversity by generating areas too small for many species, which leads to interbreeding and disappearance of plants and animals. The Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) publishes lists of priority habitat species (PHS) and species of concern (SOC). The PHS list includes habitats and species that need special consideration for conservation. Priority Species include all State Endangered, Threatened, Sensitive and Candidate species that are listed in the Washington Administrative Codes. Additionally, the PHS list includes vulnerable species that are susceptible to decline and those species that are of recreational, commercial or tribal importance. Priority Habitat includes habitats that harbor diverse or unique animal species or unique vegetation. Centralia recognizes the importance of balancing the needs for development and infrastructure with the need to preserve habitat for fish and animals. The City is committed to complying with all state and federally mandated regulations regarding the preservation of habitat including, but not limited to, regulations of the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Endangered Species Act. Streamflow levels, water depth, water quality, and physical characteristics, such as the type of material forming the channel bed and banks and the presence of logs and other debris, are important factors affecting habitat quality. The Chehalis River hosts many fish species, including trout and salmon as well as bass, perch, crappie, bullhead, and sunfish. One impediment to asses the fish distribution and habitat conditions in this area is the tremendous lack of detailed field information. While the Chehalis drainage is the second largest in Washington state (second only to the Columbia), only eight watershed analyses Page 51 of 91

53 have been completed, and of those, two are in areas upstream of most anadramous salmonid populations. Without proper assessment of fish presence and abundance, it will be difficult to define impacts and recovery success. The mainstem of the Chehalis River from the Skookumchuck River to the Newaukum River provides water for migration of fall and spring Chinook, Coho, and chum. Limited rearing and spawning is expected to occur in this reach. This may be attributed to high water temperatures during the summer months and urban and agriculture non-point pollution reducing river oxygen levels. The entire mainstem of the Chehalis River and 31 linear miles of tributaries are utilized by salmon (Washington State Department of Fisheries, 1975). The Skookumchuck River, primary tributaries to the Chehalis, also provide spawning and rearing waters for Coho, spring Chinook, and fall Chinook salmon. Spawning and rearing of these fish occur on the Skookumchuck River between the Skookumchuck Dam and the confluence with the Chehalis River. Above the Skookumchuck Dam, salmon use is limited due to salmon migration barriers at dam locations. All of the Skookumchuck mainstem and 41 linear miles of tributary streams are believed to currently provide salmon production (Washington State Department of Fisheries, 1975). The riparian corridors adjacent to the rivers in Centralia are important to birds and small mammals because riparian areas tend to have highly diverse vegetation as well as protected access to water; many species of wildlife are dependent upon them. Passerine and water birds, in particular, rely on the riparian corridors for food and nest sites. There are four primary categories of wildlife within the Chehalis River watershed: big game, upland wildlife, fur-bearers, and waterfowl. Upland wildlife account for the greatest number of species in the basin. Big game (black tailed deer, black bear, and elk), game birds (pheasant, grouse, and pigeons), and fur-bearers (beavers, minks, muskrats, and river otters) can all be found but are not very common adjacent to the City. Seasonal flooded areas along the Chehalis and Skookumchuck rivers and its tributaries create habitats for various waterfowl. Forested areas support cover for big game species such as deer, bear, and elk as well as many upland bird species. Fur-bearing animals and waterfowl found in the upper Chehalis River are also found upstream of Grand Mound (Lewis County Conservation District, 1992). Protected species of songbirds, birds of prey, and Northern spotted owl also inhabit the Chehalis River basin. Recent studies indicate that bald eagles and ospreys use all of the major rivers in Lewis County, especially in the winter months. Bald eagles have been listed as threatened and endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Washington State Department of Wildlife (WDW), respectively. In addition, the osprey has been listed by WDW as a threatened species throughout the state. Both bald eagles and ospreys are dependent upon the riparian and shoreline habitats associated with the rivers in Lewis County for food and nest sites. The 1989 Midwinter Bald Eagle Survey reported that 14 adult and 6 immature bald eagles were identified in Lewis County. The following table lists the threatened, endangered, and candidate species known to be within or near the Chehalis River watershed. Page 52 of 91

54 Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Species Bald Eagle Olive-Sided Flycatcher Band-Tailed Pigeon Olympic Mud Minnow Bufflehead Oregon Spotted Frog California Wolverine Osprey Canada Lynx Pacific Fisher Cascades Frog Pacific Lamprey Coastal/Puget Sound Bull Trout Pacific Townsend Big-Eared Bat Columbia Torrent Salamander Peregrine Falcon Ferruginous Hawk Red legged Frog Giant Olympic Salamander River Lamprey Gray Wolf Tailed Frog Great Blue Heron Valley Silverspot Grizzly Bear Van Dyke s Salamander Larch Mountain Salamander Western Gray Squirrel Long-Eared Myotis Western Pocket Gopher Long-Legged Myotis Western Pond Turtle Marbled Murrelet Western Toad Mardon Skipper Whulge s Checkspot Northern Goshawk Wood Duck Northern Spotted Owl National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Biological Opinion On 22 September 2008, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a biological opinion on the effects of FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) throughout Puget Sound and in effect all NFIP participating communities including the City of Centralia. The opinion, required by a decision by the U.S. District Court on 15 November 2004, finds that the NFIP has the ability to change the way the program is implemented in Puget Sound communities to reduce impacts on critical habitat areas for certain species of salmon and Southern Resident killer whales. Implementation of the NMFS biological opinion will change the ways communities manage their floodplains in the future. Centralia is moving forward with updating and adopting a new Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO) and Floodplain Management Ordinance which will protect critical fish habitats. VII. A DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENT, REDEVELOPMENT, AND POPULATION TRENDS AND A DISCUSSION OF WHAT THE FUTURE BRINGS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT IN THE COMMUNITY, THE WATERSHED, AND NATURAL RESOURCE AREAS. Population and Housing Forecasts In 2005, Centralia ranked as the 58th largest city in Washington, with an estimated population of 15,340 (Office of Financial Management, 2005). According to the Lewis County Comprehensive Plan projections, the City of Centralia will have a population of approximately 22,535 by In 2000, the City had a population of 14,742 with a Page 53 of 91

55 population per square mile of 2,306. By 2006, the City had a population of 15,430 according to the Office of Financial Management (OFM) State of Washington. Centralia City Population ( ) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Est Est Est Est The City expects a population forecast based on a 1.97% annual growth rate. This growth rate was selected based on the following: 1. Current trends. This growth rate is consistent with the population growth rate between 1990 and 2000 which was 1.79%, but higher than the growth experienced over the past 5 years ( ) according to OFM. 2. Building activity trends. Between 2000 and 2006, approximately 518 new residential units were constructed with 231 single family dwellings (SFD), 287 multi-family dwelling units (MF-DU) and 48 manufactured homes on city lots (MH-lot). Assuming that the City s average household size is 2.4 persons per household (U.S. Census 2000) and was applied to each of these new units, the new residential units would represent a population increase of approximately 1,243 persons over a 7-year period. According to the 2000 Census the City of Centralia had 19.2% of its population over the age of 65 and about 27% of its population over the age of 55. The State of Washington Office of Financial Management (OFM) estimated in 2005 that 16.2% of the population in Lewis County is over the age of 65 compared to the State of Washington at 11.5%. Land Use Assumptions JD White Company, a division of Berger-Abam Engineering, Inc., was hired to calculate land use assumptions by the City in The land use assumptions include: residential population, household and density projections, and industrial and commercial employment projections. Employment Forecast The Economic Development Element of the Comprehensive Plan identifies a need for industrial, retail, office, housing, and mixed-uses as strategies to diversify the economy and to attract a variety of employers and residents. The amount of vacant industrial land is high at 79%, while the amount of vacant commercial land is around 56%, as described in the Economic Development Element. Even though commercial vacant land is 56%, most of Page 54 of 91

56 the vacant commercial property is not located along the interstate where redevelopment and new developments seem to be focused. The central business district has seen redevelopment which should continue in the future as the City focuses on maintaining a healthy downtown with a mix of commercial and residential. City Population by Age: Census % 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 85+ yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 5 to 9 yrs Under 5 Housing Forecast The Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan acknowledges the need for housing for all people. Based on the projected population growth rate of 1.97% per year, by 2025 an additional 3,000 additional housing units would be needed within the City s UGA. Currently, there are approximately 1,839 acres of vacant lands within the UGB. More than half of the vacant acres are residentially zoned in the UGB. However, not all of the vacant land in the City and UGB is suitable for development; the presence of critical areas (such as wetlands and steep slopes), infrastructure needs, and market factors are aspects that affect the ability to fully develop a site. Annexing vacant land within the UGA, encouraging redevelopment and infill within existing residential neighborhoods, and increasing density in some land use districts are all approaches that the City has considered to provide adequate land area to house the projected population growth in Centralia by Land Use Planning Issues The following is a summary of current and long-term land use planning issues in Centralia affecting residential and commercial/industrial areas. Residential People have different housing needs at different times of their life. Providing a continuum of housing choices helps meet those changing needs, including housing for families, retired persons, young singles starting out in the job world, and students. Over the past 20 years, the City s population has grown, yet the type of housing options available to residents has remained relatively constant. Increasing housing options is Page 55 of 91

57 important to meet the needs of existing and future residents. This can be done by attracting and retaining younger families, single professionals, and retirees is an important concern for the City in its efforts to diversify its economy. This includes promoting and expanding downtown and non-downtown housing options. Centralia should explore measures to increase the range of housing types to meet existing and future demand. Development that occurs at very low densities or intensities can result in land use patterns that are difficult or costly to serve. Development that inefficiently uses land means that new land must be found to meet new land use demands this can result in sprawl and higher costs to provide city services. To promote a variety of housing types and the efficient use of land, new housing can be encouraged by permitting thoughtful and well designed infill development, such as mixed use development in the downtown and a variety of housing choices such as zero lot-line development, cluster housing, cottage housing styles, and/or townhouses. These options must include both single- and multi-family housing that may be available to purchase or rent. Different types of housing choices can strengthen business districts (e.g., mixed use) by providing a customer base for businesses, reduce sprawl (e.g., small-lot single-family, cottages, apartments), and provide alternative affordable homeownership options (e.g., townhomes). Commercial and Industrial Two industrial land use districts, three commercial districts are identified appropriate for locating business of various scales, services, intensity, and uses with in the City: heavy industrial, light industrial, central business district (mixed use- commercial & residential), limited business district (mixed use- commercial & residential), and general commercial. These industrial and commercial land use classifications represent a range of intensities, scales, and mixes of uses, depending on where they are located in the community and the purpose they serve. Centralia s roots are based in its industrial foundation. Most of the land with an industrial land use classification is located west along the I-5 corridor and outside of the City limits but within the UGA. Seventeen percent (17.4%) of the land within the UGA is identified for industrial uses, and approximately 83% of that industrial land is vacant. Seventy percent (70%) of the land planned as industrial is for heavy industrial users of that 79% is vacant. Thirty percent (30%) is set aside for lighter industrial users of which 86% is vacant. To allow for greater diversity and flexibility of land uses the city zoning allows for retail or commercial uses in the industrial zones. Recent market conditions and trends show that the City must diversify its economy to ensure economic stability, opportunity, and prosperity, and to stimulate new jobs and investment in the community. The City has planned for approximately nine percent (9%) of the land within the UGA for commercial uses. The City has a number of commercial corridors these include: Harrison Interchange, Mellen Interchange, Downtown Corridor including Pearl and Tower streets, Grand and Kresky streets, and Main Street. Page 56 of 91

58 Most of the commercial land is planned as general commercial at eighty-two percent (82%), seventeen percent (17%) as limited business district (mixed-use) and the central business district that is also a mixed-use district at four percent (4%). The City has seen redevelopment of commercial areas in the past and will continue to focus on the downtown business district as well as the gateways into the City. Approximately one percent (1%) of the City is planned for medical offices. The primary area for this designation is along Cooks Hill Road in the Scammon Creek neighborhood due to the close proximity to the hospital and other medical land uses. VIII. A SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT OF EACH HAZARD ON THE COMMUNITY S ECONOMY AND TAX BASE. The impact of any hazard can have an effect on a local economy depending on how much of the community is impacted (size), the amount of time (how long), and how much damage. For example, 2007 flood affected approximately 600 homes and 120 businesses within the City. The actual costs are unknown but vulnerable structures in Centralia are typically older structures that do not meet current codes. This is an overall small percentage of the community but it affected all aspects of the community. People had to stay in hotels and it took months to return to their homes. Businesses were flooded, some never reopening others where closed for days and some for months. Major transportation routes were shut off for four days and the economic cost of the Interstate 5 closure to freight shippers $47 million according to a report from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). WSDOT also stated that the I-5 corridor had an estimate $18 million in damages from the flood. In a major flood event just like any natural hazard, million of dollars in losses is possible. Page 57 of 91

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60 SECTION 5: MITIGATION STRATEGY (GOALS AND POLICIES) I. Mitigation Strategies 59 A. Preventive Goals B. Property Protection Goals C. Natural Resource Protection Goals D. Emergency Services E. Structural Projects Goals F. Public Information Goals Set Goals - a statement of the goals of the community s floodplain management and hazard mitigation program. I. MITIGATION STRATEGIES The goals of the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan are integrated into the city s planning regulatory framework in a variety of ways, and they are sorted her by category with identification of the hazards they address. Because flood hazard mitigation is a major key to Centralia s future, there is a multitude of goals and objectives sprinkled throughout existing adopted planning documents. To the extent that the existing plan is out of date or clearly inaccurate changes are identified. The 2008 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan goals and strategy for all hazard mitigation is intended to ensure predictability for the future of the community. Key components include the following elements: 1. Increased commitment to public outreach opportunities. City staff is committed to finding new and innovative ways to inform the public about all hazards faced. 2. Complete and adopt a Critical Areas Ordinance. This document will give staff more ways to regulate and improve human interaction with areas prone to hazardous conditions. 3. Work closely with Chehalis and Lewis County as well as jurisdictions within Thurston County, Chehalis Indian Tribe and the Cowlitz Indian Tribe to ensure a balanced approach to hazard mitigation. 4. Work to ensure that the hydrologic and hydraulic assumptions about how much water impacts Centralia are correct and accurate based on the best available science. 5. Adopt the updated FIRM maps from FEMA. 6. Maintain the levees throughout Centralia. The initial adoption of the Flood Insurance Rate Maps in 1982 was intended to provide certainty about land use and construction regulations. Through the use of home elevation projects and strict adherence to the floodplain regulations, the City has reduced the number of citizens and private property that are devastated by major flooding events. However, as recent events have shown, hazards, and in particular flooding, are often difficult to predict. The greatest advocate for protection is the individual. Diligence and realistic awareness of Page 59 of 91

61 environmental conditions are often more effective at preventing loss than government actions. The mitigation strategy for the Hazard Mitigation Plan has six objectives. 1. Preventive activities: These activities, which include planning and zoning; open space preservation and stormwater management; are meant to keep problems from getting worse. 2. Property protection is done by property owners on a building by building basis. Types of activities include relocation and building elevation. 3. Natural resource protection preserves and restores natural areas. Wetland protection and erosion and sediment control are two ways to achieve this objective. 4. Emergency services are measures taken during the crisis to minimize its impact. These measures may include hazard warning, hazard response and critical facilities protection. 5. Structural projects such as levees or reservoirs are meant to keep floodwaters away from and area. Diversion methods and storm sewers are two other examples of structural projects. 6. Public information activities advise property owners, potential property owners and visitors about the hazards, how to protect themselves and the natural and beneficial functions of local floodplains. This objective can be met outreach projects, real estate disclosures, the local library, maps, technical assistance and environmental education. A. Preventive Goals Flooding The Floodway, the Special Flood Risk Zone and the 100-year Floodplain shall be regulated to protect human life, property and the public health and safety of the citizens of Centralia; minimize the expenditure of public money; and maintain the city s flood insurance eligibility while avoiding regulations which are unnecessarily restrictive or difficult to administer. Frequently flooded areas; It is the purpose of this section to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in the floodplain and the floodway according to the provisions established under the City s Floodplain Management Ordinance. Manage stormwater runoff to improve drainage, control stormwater quantity, prevent localized flooding of streets and private property during high water table and rainy conditions, and protect and enhance water quality through using Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Best Management Practices, and Best Available Science as established by the Department of Ecology. The City shall participate in the Community Rating System to obtain the maximum possible reduction in Flood Insurance Rates from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Consider other regulations and programs associated with flood hazard management. Where there is a conflict, the more stringent in terms of longterm management of the ecological resource and natural geohydrological systems shall take precedence. Page 60 of 91

62 Restrict development in the 100 year floodplain that potentially increases flood hazard unless it complies with the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan, Zoning Ordinance, International Building Code and the Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO). The impacts of floodplain shall be addressed by one of the following means: - The CAO or the Floodplain Management Ordinance shall prohibit structural flood control measures for new development that would potentially increase the risk of flooding, considerably alter the course, speed or flow of the waterway, reduce flood storage capacity, or increase flood heights on unprotected property; or - The CAO or the Floodplain Management Ordinance shall set standards for flood control measures for new development based on recommendations from the Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan. - CAO or the Floodplain Management Ordinance policies and regulations shall be established and implemented to retain or restore natural conditions of shorelands associated with frequently flooded areas. - Make investigations and corrective actions of problem storm drains, including sampling. - Develop a program for operation and maintenance of storm drains, detention systems, ditches and culverts. Flood, Landslide, Earthquake Utilize Best Available Science (BAS) to develop the Critical Areas Ordinance, the provisions of this title shall be liberally construed to accomplish its remedial purposes, which are: - Protect, to the greatest extent practical, life, property and the environment from loss, injury and damage by pollution, erosion, flooding, landslides, strong ground motion, soil liquefaction, accelerated soil creep, settlement and subsidence, and other potential hazards, whether from natural cause or from human activity; - Protect the public interest in drainage and related functions of drainage basins, watercourses and shoreline areas; - Protect surface waters and receiving waters from pollution, mechanical damage, excessive flows and other conditions in their drainage basins which will increase the rate of downcutting, streambank erosion, and/or the degree of turbidity, situation and other forms of pollution, or which will reduce their low flows or low levels to levels which degrade the environment, reduce recharging and ground water, or endanger aquatic and benthic life within these surface waters and receiving water of the state; - Meet the requirements of state and federal law and comply with regulatory standards for the city s municipal storm water; and - Fulfill the responsibility of the city as trustee of the environment for future generations. Page 61 of 91

63 Geologically hazardous areas; geologically hazardous areas include areas susceptible to the effects of erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geologic events. They pose a threat to the health and safety of citizens when incompatible residential, commercial, industrial, or infrastructure development is sited in areas of a hazard. Geologic hazards pose a risk to life, property, and resources when steep slopes are destabilized by inappropriate activities and development or when structures or facilities are sited in area susceptible to natural or human caused geologic events. Some geologic hazards can be reduced or mitigated by engineering, design, or modified construction practices so that risks to health and safety are acceptable. When technology cannot reduce risks to acceptable levels, building and other construction within identified geologically hazardous areas shall be prohibited. Coordinate with Lewis County through arrangements such as interlocal agreements, joint programs, consistent standards, or regional boards or committees. Public Utilities will implement stormwater utility including improved maintenance and operations, a rate structure and public education element. Centralia is subject to a state municipal stormwater permit program, called NPDES Phase II. This program includes a number of components such as water quality monitoring, annual stormwater inspections, and public education, all of which the city is already engaged in to some extent. Earthquake, Severe Storm, Fire, Land Movement Utilize the latest adopted building code to ensure adequate protection in construction against earthquakes in Seismic Zone 3, severe storms with Wind Exposure B, fire with Fire Resistive Construction Standards, and land movement with Grading Standards. Utilize the latest adopted fire code to ensure adequate protection against fire in construction with standards for fire flow and through the annual inspection of commercial structures. B. Property Protection Goals Flooding Nonstructural solutions to flood hazards shall be encouraged including restricting development in flood-prone areas, storm water runoff management, up-stream watershed vegetation management. Ensure that standards for flood control measures protect and enhance the biological systems and public access opportunities of the shoreline and adjacent uplands. The Building Official will continue to require and maintain elevation certificates for permitted development within the floodplain. Elevation certificates are maintained by address. The Community Development Director and the Building Official will continue to provide technical advice to property owners, contractors and design professionals. Page 62 of 91

64 Earthquake, Severe Storm, Landslide Provide emergency generator or secondary power capability for all pump stations; upgrade construction at all pump stations to latest seismic and wind standards. Provide protection of steep slopes according to standards in the Critical Areas Ordinance and as generally identified in these policies. C. Natural Resource Protection Goals All Hazards To the extent practicable, fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations. Flooding Protect and restore critical areas; plan for flood hazard mitigation, surface water management and pollution control, establishment and maintenance of greenbelts and conservation areas and coordinate with adjoining jurisdictions. Provide habitat for wildlife species, food-fish, and freshwater fish in close proximity to an urban area. Protect and restore wetlands to optimize water quality, habitat, best management practices and ensure that adjacent land use patterns are compatible with the protection and enhancement of the wetlands and take advantage of the unique attributes of the site, and comply with the city s Critical Areas Ordinance. Allow limited use of the Chehalis River, Skookumchuck River, Scammon Creek, China Creek, Salzer Creek, Hayes Lake and Plummer Lake and the associate shorelines in a manner that is compatible with the dike system and the regulatory constraints of the floodway and Special Flood Risk Zone, including transportation, levee improvement, utilities and outfall structures, public access and recreation, open space and agriculture and similar uses. Plan the stormwater management system to be consistent with policies regarding flooding, wetlands, land use and water quality. Develop an integrated program for quantity and quality control that recognizes the unique situation faced by the City within its location in the 100 year floodplain and its needs for flood control in larger storm events, while at the same time needing to control the effects of smaller storms in terms of both quantity and quality of runoff. Apply best management practices to reduce pollutant loading and minimize the effects of contaminated sediments on the city s waterways. Increase preservation of the open space and drainage corridor through easements, deeding land to city, improve water quality, eliminate failed septic systems, fence out livestock, improve wildlife habitat, do restoration planting projects, increase regulations such as greater setbacks where applicable, implement specialized best management practices to minimize problems in the long run. Flooding, Earthquake, Landslide, Fire, Severe Storms Encourage the retention of open space and development of recreational opportunities, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase access to natural Page 63 of 91

65 resource lands and water, and develop parks. Integrate these concepts with natural functions such as drainage, agriculture and topographic features. D. Emergency Services Flooding, Earthquake, Volcano Have continued maintenance of the Centralia Emergency Management Plan that was adopted in March 15, 2007 and update it every two years. Develop and maintain a specific flood warning and evacuation program for the City including a regional calling list (Reverse 911). The transportation plan is designed to ensure the continued ability of the transportation system to function at a reasonable level of service throughout the urban service area and coordinate the links to the regional transportation system. The County has an adopted Lewis County I-5 Detour Plan. Maintain the police, fire, wastewater treatment, stormwater, water and electrical facilities with the most current technology and standards to ensure operation during hazard events. Encourage all critical facilities including nursing homes, chemical storage facilities, schools, electric and telephone substations have a working emergency plan in place and that contacts are up-to-date. Adopt the HIVA that includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and severe storms as the major natural hazards. Fire is covered by the Riverside Fire Authority and construction standards and landslides are covered by the grading policies and the Critical Areas Ordinance. Maintain the emergency operations center (EOC) and have training on a regular basis pertaining to flooding and all hazards. E. Structural Projects Goals All Hazards The Six Year Transportation Plan and the transportation element of the annually updated City of Centralia Capital Improvement Plan shall be coordinated with the land use, utilities and other relevant plan elements to ensure a balanced program that is adequately funded and responsive to community interest. Upgrade all city owned critical facilities to ensure continued operations during identified hazard events. F. Public Information Goals Flooding Provide on going public education at all levels, from the renter to the homeowner, regarding residential, commercial and industrial best management practice issues, flood hazard mitigation, water quality, and related local issues. The City shall provide on going public education about flooding and shall adopt a flood hazard reduction plan, consistent and compatible with any countywide efforts and plans. Outreach efforts shall include but are not limited to: community newsletter, special targeted mailings to realtors, Page 64 of 91

66 insurance agents and lenders, training sessions at neighborhood meetings, the public library, and any other means identified. Provide on going public education aimed at residents, businesses, and industries in the urban area to inform citizens about stormwater and its effects on water quality, flooding, fish/wildlife habitat and to discourage dumping of waste material or pollutants into storm drains. The Community Development Department and Building Official will continue to make flood map determinations in response to public inquiry. The Community Development Department will maintain the Flood Protection information and add updated materials as needed at the Centralia Public Library. Information in this collection includes but is not limited to: natural and beneficial functions of floodplains, flood plan, floodplain map, local early warning and evacuation routes and updated local, state and federal materials. Maintain updated maps and continue to work on automated base maps and overlays, leading to a planning level geographic information system. Continue data collection and data entry as new information and data sources become accessible. Use improved citizen involvement and public education to establish a solid work program for improving maintenance of the drainage system. Maintain and update on a regular basis the City s flood website to provide information and encourage public education about how to reduce flood impacts. All Hazards Expand the Public Information program to address other natural hazards where additional public information will be helpful, such as seismic retrofits for homes, how to make your home firewise and other hazard related topics. Develop and update on a regular basis a hazard website that provides information and encourage public education about how to be prepared for all potential hazards that could affect the City. Page 65 of 91

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68 SECTION 6: ACTIVITIES I. The plan reviews preventive activities, such as zoning, stormwater management regulations, building codes and preservation of open space and the effectiveness of current regulatory and preventive standards and programs II. III. The plan reviews property protection actions such as acquisition, retrofitting, and insurance. The plan reviews activities to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the floodplain such as wetlands protection IV. The plan reviews emergency services activities such as warning and sandbagging V. The plan reviews structural projects such as reservoirs and channel modifications VI. The plan reviews public information activities such as outreach projects and environmental education programs I. THE PLAN REVIEWS PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS ZONING, STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS, BUILDING CODES AND PRESERVATION OF OPEN SPACE AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT REGULATORY AND PREVENTIVE STANDARDS AND PROGRAMS. Activity Current Status Need for Modification Earthquake, Severe Storm, Fire, Land Movement Utilize the latest adopted state 2006 International Building building code to insure adequate protection in construction against earthquakes in Seismic Zone 2B, Severe storms with Wind Code, as amended by Chapter WAC, including the Appendix Chapters G, Flood Resistant Construction Exposure B (85 mph), Fire with 2006 International Residential Fire Resistive Construction Code, as amended by Chapter 51 stations, and Land Movement with 2006 National Electric Code Grading Standards 2006 Uniform Plumbing Cod 2006 International Mechanical Code 2006 International Property Maintenance Code 2006 Washington State Energy and Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Codes State Legislature adoption of the International Code Utilize the latest adopted state fire 2006 International Fire Code State Legislature adoption of the Page 67 of 91

69 code to insure adequate protection against Fire in construction with standards for Fire flow and through the annual Inspection of Commercial Structures Flood The floodway, The Special Flood Risk Zone and the 100 year floodplain shall be regulated to protect human life, property and the public health and safety of the citizens of Centralia, minimize the expenditure of public money, and maintain the city s flood insurance eligibility while avoiding regulations which are unnecessarily restrictive or difficult to administer. Frequently flooded areas; It is the purpose of this Chapter to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in the floodplain and the floodway according to the provisions established under this code. Manage stormwater runoff to improve drainage, control stormwater quantity, prevent localized flooding of streets and private property during high water table and rainy conditions, and protect and enhance water quality through the use of the Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Best Management Practices, and Best Available Science as established by the Department of Ecology. The City shall participate in the Community Rating System to obtain the maximum possible reduction in Flood Insurance Rates from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Restrict development in the 100 year floodplain that potentially increases flood hazard unless it complies with this Plan, Zoning Ordinance, building codes and the Critical Areas Ordinance. Develop a program for operation and maintenance of storm drains, detention systems, ditches and culverts. as amended 2008 Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early NPDES II permit process required; Stormwater Management Plan adopted in 2008 Program is up to date CMC currently restricts development w/in the 100 year floodplain; 2008 CAO Program and regulations are in place. International Code The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science Increase focus and public awareness of stormwater issues. Review program for new activities The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late It employs the best available science On going evaluation is being utilized to ensure a viable program. Make investigations and corrective Program and regulations are in On going evaluation is being Page 68 of 91

70 actions of problem storm drains, including sampling. Flood, Landslide, Earthquake Utilize Best Available Science to develop the Critical Areas Ordinance to protect, as practical, life, property and the environment from loss, injury and damage by pollution, erosion, flooding, landslides, strong ground motion, soil liquefaction, accelerated soil creep, settlement and subsidence, and other potential hazards, whether from natural causes or from human activity and related goals. Coordinate with Lewis County through arrangements such as interlocal agreements, joint programs, consistent standards, or regional boards or committees. Public Utilities will implement stormwater utility including improved maintenance and operations, a rate structure and public education element. place Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Multi-jurisdictional All Natural Hazards Mitigation Planning project Annual inspections and maintenance of all public and private drainage facilities; identified pollution problems will be tracked down and best management practices implemented. Continue to implement Capital Improvements to stormwater system. utilized to ensure a viable program. The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science Annual maintenance with five year update required On going program II. THE PLAN REVIEWS PROPERTY PROTECTION ACTIONS SUCH AS ACQUISITION, RETROFITTING, AND INSURANCE. Activity Current Status Need for Modification Flooding Nonstructural solutions to flood hazards shall be encouraged including restricting development in flood-prone areas, storm water runoff management, up-stream watershed vegetation management. Ensure that standards for flood control measures protect and enhance the biological systems and public access opportunities of the shoreline and adjacent uplands. The Building Official will continue to require and maintain elevation certificates for permitted development within the floodplain. Elevation certificates are Innovative approaches to long term flood hazard mitigation are being developed Innovative approaches to long term flood hazard mitigation are being developed On going project that updates as work comes in. Program is a work in progress Program is a work in progress Annual Report Page 69 of 91

71 maintained by address. The Community Development On going Director and the Building Official will continue to provide technical advice to property owners, contractors and design professionals. Earthquake, Severe Storm, Landslide Provide an emergency generator or On going project secondary power capability for all pump stations; upgrade construction at all pump stations to latest seismic and wind standards. Provide protection of steep slopes according to standards in the Critical Areas Ordinance and as generally identified in these policies Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Annual Report Program is a work in progress The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science III. THE PLAN REVIEWS ACTIVITIES TO PROTECT THE NATURAL AND BENEFICIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FLOODPLAIN SUCH AS WETLANDS PROTECTION. Activity Current Status Need for Modification Flooding Protect and restore critical areas; plan for flood hazard mitigation, surface water management and pollution control, establishment and maintenance of greenbelts and conservation areas and coordinate with adjoining jurisdictions. Provide habitat for wildlife species, foodfish, and freshwater fish in close proximity to an urban area. Protect and restore wetlands to optimize water quality, habitat, best management practices and ensure that adjacent land use patterns are compatible with the protection and enhancement of the wetlands and take advantage of the unique attributes of the site, and comply with the city s Critical Areas Ordinance Allow limited use of the Chehalis River, Skookumchuck River, Scammon Creek, China Creek, Salzer Creek, Hayes Lake and Plummer Lake and the associate 2008 Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early Critical Areas Code; The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early 2009.; CMC The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late 2008 or early It employs the best available science; zoning is adopted Page 70 of 91

72 shorelines in a manner that is compatible with the dike system and the regulatory constraints of the floodway and Special Flood Risk Zone, including transportation, levee improvement, utilities and outfall structures, public access and recreation, open space and agriculture and similar uses. Plan the stormwater management system to be consistent with policies regarding flooding, wetlands, land use and water quality. Develop an integrated program for quantity and quality control that recognizes the unique situation faced by the City within its location in the 100 year floodplain and its needs for flood control in larger storm events, while at the same time needing to control the effects of smaller storms in terms of both quantity and quality of runoff. Apply best management practices to reduce pollutant loading and minimize the effects of contaminated sediments on the city s waterways. Design Guidelines and DOE Stormwater Manual for Western Washington On going program On going program Flooding, Earthquake, Landslide, Fire, Severe Storms Encourage the retention of open space and development of recreational opportunities, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase access to natural resource lands and water, and develop parks Parks Plan: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Recently adopted in the Fall of 2008 Stormwater program started in spring 2008 Annual review for additional opportunities The CAO is scheduled to be adopted by the City in late It employs the best available science; zoning was adopted in the spring of 2008 IV. THE PLAN REVIEWS EMERGENCY SERVICES ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WARNING AND SANDBAGGING. Activity Current Status Need for Modification Flooding, Earthquake, Volcano Develop and maintain a specific flood warning and evacuation program for the City of Centralia. The Transportation Plan is designed to ensure the continued ability of the transportation system to function at a reasonable level of service throughout the urban Fire, Police, Planning, Building and other agencies have developed and refined a specific community based plan. The transportation system is a critical facility in a community where evacuation is likely to be necessary. Plan is exercised and tested annually. And revised as needed. Annual review Page 71 of 91

73 service area and coordinate the links to the regional transportation system. Maintain the police, fire, wastewater treatment facilities upto-date with the most current technology and standards to ensure operation during hazard events. Write a Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) that includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and severe storms as the major natural hazards. Annual maintenance of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) to ensure that all critical facilities including nursing homes, chemical storage facilities, schools, electric and telephone substations have a working emergency plan in place and that contacts are up-to-date. Facilities are either up to date or currently being brought up to date The Assessment is being drafted by the Police Department CEMP is updated as needed On going On going Annual review V. THE PLAN REVIEWS STRUCTURAL PROJECTS SUCH AS RESERVOIRS AND CHANNEL MODIFICATIONS. Activity Current Status Need for Modification All Hazards The Six Year Transportation Plan and the transportation element of the annually updated City of Centralia Capital Improvement Plan shall be coordinated with the land use, utilities and other relevant plan elements to ensure a balanced program that is adequately funded and responsive to community interest. Upgrade all city owned critical facilities to ensure continued operations during identified hazard events. Transportation plan was adopted in October Schedule of work is established in Capital Improvement Plan Annual review Annual review and maintenance Page 72 of 91

74 VI. THE PLAN REVIEWS PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES SUCH AS OUTREACH PROJECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS. Activity Current Status Need for Modification Flooding Provide on going public education at all levels, from the renter to the homeowner, regarding residential, commercial and industrial best management practice issues, flood hazard mitigation, water quality, and related local issues. The City shall provide on going public education about flooding and shall adopt a flood hazard reduction plan, consistent and compatible with any countywide efforts and plans. Outreach efforts shall include but are not limited to: community newsletter, special targeted mailings to realtors, insurance agents and lenders, training sessions at neighborhood meetings, the public library, and any other means identified. Provide on going public education aimed at residents, businesses, and industries in the urban area to inform citizens about stormwater and its effects on water quality, flooding, fish/wildlife habitat and to discourage dumping of waste material or pollutants into storm drains. The Planning Department and Building Official will continue to make flood map determinations in response to public inquiry. The Community Development Department will maintain the Flood Protection Library and add updated materials. Maintain updated maps and continue to work on automated base maps and overlays, leading to a planning level geographic information system. Use improved citizen involvement and public education to establish a On going On going On going Make map determinations as needed Establish, maintain and improve the Flood Protection Library. Planning Dept to continue maintenance and updating of existing land use and topography maps. Continue data entry. Continue to require flood elevation certificates. On going Additional ideas to reach the public always needed Annual report Annual report Annual report Annual report Annual report Annual report Page 73 of 91

75 solid work program for improving maintenance of the drainage system. All Hazards Expand the Public Information program to address other natural hazards where additional public information will be helpful, such as seismic retrofits for homes, how to make your home firewise and other hazard related topics. Hazards identified through multijurisdictional planning process Plan needed Page 74 of 91

76 SECTION 7: ACTION PLAN I. Preventive activities such as zoning, stormwater management regulations, building codes, and preservation of open space and the effectiveness of current regulatory and preventive standards and programs II. III. The plan reviews property protection actions such as acquisition, retrofitting and insurance The plan reviews activities to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the floodplain, such as wetlands protection IV. The plan reviews emergency services activities such as warning and sandbagging V. The plan reviews structural projects such as reservoirs and channel modifications VI. The plan reviews public information activities such as outreach projects and environmental education programs : The Action Plan specifies those activities appropriate to the community s resources, hazards, and vulnerable properties. For each recommendation, the action plan must identify who does what, when it will be done, and how it will be financed. Regulatory improvements exceeding NFIP minimum requirements are credited. Postdisaster mitigation policies and procedures. Action items to mitigate the effects of the other natural hazards identified. ***At least two of these six categories must be included in the multi-jurisdictional plan for each CRS community. I. PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES SUCH AS ZONING, STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS, BUILDING CODES, AND PRESERVATION OF OPEN SPACE AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT REGULATORY AND PREVENTIVE STANDARDS AND PROGRAMS. Activity Flooding The City shall participate in the Community Rating System to obtain the maximum possible reduction in Flood Insurance Rates from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning and Building: On going with Annual Report and recertification process Financing Plan Funding integrated into each department s budget Page 75 of 91

77 Activity Restrict development in the 100 year floodplain that potentially increases flood hazard unless it complies with the Flood Hazard management plan, city zoning, building code and the critical areas ordinance Develop a sliding scale compensatory storage requirement in the 100-year floodplain. Require new construction and substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or residential structure shall either have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated two (2) feet or more above the level of the base flood elevation Develop a Zero Rise Floodplain Overlay where no fill will be permitted and where it reduces the amount of development; and where development activity must not reduce the effective storage volume of the floodplain Develop a requirement that newly created lots shall demonstrate that there is 5,000 square feet of buildable area located outside the zero-rise floodway and the FEMA floodway The Floodway, the Special Flood Risk Zone and the 100 year Floodplain shall be regulated to protect human life, property and the public health and safety of the citizens of Centralia; minimize the expenditure of public money; and maintain the city s flood insurance eligibility while avoiding regulations which are unnecessarily restrictive or difficult to administer. Manage stormwater runoff to improve drainage, control stormwater quantity, prevent localized flooding of streets and private property during high water table and rainy conditions, and protect and enhance water quality through Best Management Practices and Best Available Science as established by the Department of Ecology. Make investigations and corrective actions of problem storm drains. Develop a program for operation and maintenance of storm drains, detention systems, ditches and culverts. Channel Migration Zone Mapping The project would likely include gathering existing channel migration data, prioritizing areas for mapping, creating channel migration maps, and then incorporating the maps into land use legislature. Flood, Landslide, Earthquake Utilize Best Available Science (BAS) to develop the Critical Areas Ordinance. Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning and Building: CMC 16.12: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance; 2006 International Building Code Planning Planning Planning Planning Planning and Building: CMC 16.12: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Public Utilities: 2005 Western Washington Stormwater Manual by Department of Ecology (DOE) Public Utilities: On going Lewis County and City of Centralia, 5-years Financing Plan Funding integrated into each department s budget No financial impact No financial impact No financial impact No financial impact No financial impact Funded by stormwater fees attached to City utilities Funded by stormwater fees attached to City utilities Lewis County, State of Washington; possible request to City. Est. $750,000 Planning: 2008 Critical Areas Funding integrated into Ordinance department budget. Coordinate with Lewis County through Planning, Building, Public Funding integrated into Page 76 of 91

78 Activity arrangements such as interlocal agreements, joint programs, consistent standards, or regional boards or committees. Public Utilities will implement stormwater utility including improved maintenance and operations, a rate structure and public education element. Earthquake, Severe Storm, Fire, Land Movement Utilize the latest adopted building code to ensure adequate protection in construction against earthquakes in Seismic Zone 3, severe storms with Wind Exposure B, fire with Fire Resistive Construction Standards, and land movement with Grading Standards. Utilize the latest adopted fire code to ensure adequate protection against fire in construction with standards for fire flow and through the annual inspection of commercial structures. Staff Assignment & Schedule Utilities: All Natural Hazards Mitigation Planning 2008 with 5 yr updates Public Utilities: On going Planning and Building: 2006 International Building Code; 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Fire Authority: 2006 International Fire Code Financing Plan department budget. Funded by stormwater fees attached to City utilities No financial impact No financial impact II. THE PLAN REVIEWS PROPERTY PROTECTION ACTIONS SUCH AS ACQUISITION, RETROFITTING AND INSURANCE. Activity Flooding Nonstructural solutions to flood hazards shall be encouraged including restricting development in flood-prone areas, storm water runoff management, up-stream watershed vegetation management. Ensure that standards for flood control measures protect and enhance the biological systems and public access opportunities of the shoreline and adjacent uplands. The Building Official will continue to require and maintain elevation certificates for permitted development within the floodplain. Elevation certificates are maintained by address and copies are sent annually to FEMA on disk. The Community Development Director and the Building Official will continue to provide technical advice to property owners, contractors and design professionals. Earthquake, Severe Storm, Landslide Provide Emergency generator capability for all pump stations; upgrade construction at all pump stations to latest seismic and wind standards. Provide protection of steep slopes according to standards in the Critical Areas Ordinance and as generally identified in these policies. Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning: Conservation easements and dedications of property designated as floodway required during land use processing. Planning and Building: CMC 16.12; 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Building: On going Planning and Building: On going Public Works: On going Planning, Building, Public Utilities: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Financing Plan No financial impact Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Utility Fund Funding integrated into department budget Page 77 of 91

79 III. THE PLAN REVIEWS ACTIVITIES TO PROTECT THE NATURAL AND BENEFICIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE FLOODPLAIN, SUCH AS WETLANDS PROTECTION. Activity Flooding Protect and restore critical areas; plan for flood hazard mitigation, surface water management and pollution control, establishment and maintenance of greenbelts and conservation areas and coordinate with adjoining jurisdictions. Provide habitat for wildlife species, foodfish, and freshwater fish in close proximity to an urban area. Protect and restore wetlands to optimize water quality, habitat, best management practices and ensure that adjacent land use patterns are compatible with the protection and enhancement of the wetlands and take advantage of the unique attributes of the site, and comply with the city s Critical Areas Ordinance. Allow limited use of the Chehalis River, Skookumchuck River, Scammon Creek, China Creek, Salzer Creek, Hayes Lake and Plummer Lake and the associate shorelines in a manner that is compatible with the dike system and the regulatory constraints of the floodway and Special Flood Risk Zone, including transportation, levee improvement, utilities and outfall structures, public access and recreation, open space and agriculture and similar uses. Plan the stormwater management system to be consistent with policies regarding flooding, wetlands, land use and water quality. Apply best management practices to reduce pollutant loading and minimize the effects of contaminated sediments on the city s waterways. Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning, Building, Public Utilities: On going Planning: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Planning: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Planning, Building, Public Utilities: On going; 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Public Utilities: On going Planning, Public Utilities, Building: 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance, NPDES II permits Flooding, Earthquake, Landslide, Fire, Severe Storms Encourage the retention of open space and Planning, Public Utilities: 2008 development of recreational opportunities, Critical Areas Ordinance, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase NPDES II permits access to natural resource lands and water, and develop parks. Integrate these concepts with natural functions such as drainage, agriculture and topographic features. Financing Plan Funded by property owners during permitting process Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Page 78 of 91

80 IV. THE PLAN REVIEWS EMERGENCY SERVICES ACTIVITIES SUCH AS WARNING AND SANDBAGGING. Activity Flooding, Earthquake, Volcano Develop and maintain a specific flood warning and evacuation program for the City of Centralia. The Transportation Plan is designed to ensure the continued ability of the transportation system to function at a reasonable level of service throughout the urban service area and coordinate the links to the regional transportation system. Maintain the police, fire, wastewater treatment, water, sewer, and electrical facilities up-to-date with the most current technology and standards to ensure operation during hazard events. Annual maintenance of the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) to ensure that all critical facilities including nursing homes, chemical storage facilities, schools, electric and telephone substations have a working emergency plan in place and that contacts are up-to-date. Write a Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Assessment (HIVA) that includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and severe storms as the major natural hazards. Fire is covered by the Fire Department and construction standards and landslides are covered by the grading policies and the Critical Areas Ordinance. Staff Assignment & Schedule City Emergency Plan Committee: On going with annual review City Engineer/Utilities: On going City: On going City Emergency Plan Committee: On going City HIVA: On going Financing Plan Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget V. THE PLAN REVIEWS STRUCTURAL PROJECTS SUCH AS RESERVOIRS AND CHANNEL MODIFICATIONS. Activity All Hazards The Six Year Transportation Plan and the transportation element of the annually updated City of Centralia Capital Facilities Plan shall be coordinated with the land use, utilities and other relevant plan elements to ensure a balanced program that is adequately funded and responsive to community interest. Staff Assignment & Schedule Public Works, Planning: On going; annual review and update of project list Financing Plan General City Funds Priority and Timeline Priority: High Timeline: Short term (1-3 years) Upgrade all city owned critical All City Departments: General City Funds Priority: Low (Long- Page 79 of 91

81 Activity Staff Assignment & Schedule Financing Plan Priority and Timeline facilities to ensure continued operations during identified hazard events. Flooding China Creek Drainage Basin Plan During flood events, China Creek inundates commercial and residential areas of Centralia. A drainage basin plan may help alleviate flood impacts by providing the science to fully understand failure mechanisms and identify structural and non-structural actions expected to minimize flooding impacts. The project would likely include gathering hydrologic and hydraulic data, modeling China Creek, soliciting community involvement, and developing preferred project alternatives (both structural and non-structural). Deliverables would include: calibrated hydrologic and hydraulic model, list of project alternatives and recommended actions, Draft and final basin plan, and 30 percent design plan sets for prioritized structural actions Regional Transportation Flood Alleviation Project Along I-5 in Lewis County Centralia supports transportation improvements in the I-5 corridor through Lewis County because previous flood events of the Skookumchuck and Chehalis Rivers closed I-5 between Chehalis and Centralia. Two projects have been proposed to prevent this intolerable closure in the future. The first project is federally proposed and is called the Centralia Flood Reduction Project (CFRP). Regional Flood Detention Facilities Years of developing floodplain in the Chehalis-Centralia area have removed flood storage from the Chehalis and Skookumchuck River systems. Regional flood detention facilities could be developed. On going City of Centralia, Lewis County State of Washington, Lewis County, City of Centralia Lewis County, City of Centralia $550,000 Federal, State, Local, and grants, FCAAP $11,050,000; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP $6,700,000; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP term Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Mid Term (4-7 years) Priority: Low (Longterm Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Mid Term (4-7 years) Priority: High (Urgent), Timeline: Mid Term (4-7 years) Priority: Low (Longterm Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Mid Term (4-7 years) Page 80 of 91

82 Activity Staff Assignment & Schedule Financing Plan Priority and Timeline Regional facilities will replace displaced storage from existing development and provide additional mitigation storage for future floodplain development. Regional Stormwater Detention Facilities Increased urban development runoff is contributing to regional flooding in the Centralia-Chehalis area. Increased impermeable land from historic municipal improvements is increasing the amount of stormwater runoff. This flooding and increased impermeable land is consequently requiring developments to devote more developable land to stormwater treatment and disposal facilities. In order to combat these losses, regional stormwater detention facilities could be developed. Regional stormwater detention facilities will replace displaced system storage and offer development offsite mitigation opportunities. Benefits to this project include economies of scale, increased economic viability for development, and decreased peak flow during flood events. Salzer Creek Backwater Control Flooding in the Chehalis River has backwater effects on Salzer Creek and causes flooding to portions of Chehalis. The Army Corps of Engineers has proposed a project to evaluate the potential for creating a storage/pump system to allow for off-peak contribution of Salzer Creek runoff. Using a flood gate at the Chehalis River, flows would be stored and metered back to the river during flood recession. This proposed project could potentially benefit flood reduction efforts along the I-5 corridor between Chehalis and Centralia and should be reexamined for implementation. USACE Centralia Flood Reduction Project In 2007, the United States Congress passed the Water Resources Lewis County, City of Centralia State of Washington, Lewis County, City of Centralia Multi-jurisdictional, State of Washington, Lewis County, City of Centralia $3,600,000; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP $6,100,000; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP $400,000; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP Priority: Low (Longterm Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Long Term (8-10+ years) Priority: Low (Longterm Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Long Term (8-10+ years) Priority: High (Urgent) Timeline: Short term (1-3 years) Page 81 of 91

83 Activity Development Act of 2007, which authorized the Centralia Flood Reduction Project to proceed to preliminary engineering and construction. The project proposes to use the Skookumchuck Dam for additional flood storage and to construct levees in the Centralia- Chehalis area. Tasks would include: formulating a technical support team. USACE Centralia Flood Reduction Project Constructing levees along the Chehalis River in the City of Centralia Port of Centralia/City of Centralia Partnership Project Constructing additional flood storage and fish/wildlife habitat along the Chehalis River (Galvin Road) Staff Assignment & Schedule Multi-jurisdictional, State of Washington, Lewis County, City of Centralia Partnership with Port of Centralia and City of Centralia and other governmental agencies, State of Washington Financing Plan During the Washington legislative session in late 2007, a bonding capacity of $50,000,000 was approved for the local sponsor s share of engineering and construction costs million; Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP Funding Federal, State, County, Local, and grants, FCAAP Priority and Timeline: Priority: High (Urgent), Medium (Moderate), Low (Long-term Improvement, Limited/No funding) Timeline: Short term (1-3 years), Mid Term (4-7 years), Long Term (8-10+ years) Priority and Timeline Priority: High (Urgent) Timeline: Short term (1-3 years) Priority: High (Urgent) Timeline: Short term (1-3 years) or Mid Term (4-7 years) VI. THE PLAN REVIEWS PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES SUCH AS OUTREACH PROJECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS. Activity Flooding Provide on going public education at all levels, from the renter to the homeowner, regarding residential, commercial and industrial best management practice issues, flood hazard mitigation, water quality, and related local issues. The City shall provide on going public education about flooding and shall adopt a flood hazard reduction plan, consistent and compatible with any countywide efforts and plans. Outreach efforts shall include but are not limited to: community newsletter, special targeted mailings to realtors, insurance agents and lenders, training sessions at neighborhood meetings, the public library, and any other means identified. Provide on going public education aimed at residents, businesses, and industries in the urban Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning, Building: On going Planning, Building: On going Planning, Building, Public Works: On going Financing Plan Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Page 82 of 91

84 Activity area to inform citizens about stormwater and its effects on water quality, flooding, fish/wildlife habitat and to discourage dumping of waste material or pollutants into storm drains. The Community Development Department and Building Official will continue to make flood map determinations in response to public inquiry. The Community Development Department will maintain the Flood Protection Library and add updated materials. Maintain updated maps and continue to work on automated base maps and overlays, leading to a planning level geographic information system. Continue data collection and data entry as new information and data sources become accessible. Use improved citizen involvement and public education to establish a solid work program for improving maintenance of the stormwater system. All Hazards Expand the Public Information program to address other natural hazards where additional public information will be helpful, such as seismic retrofits for homes, how to make your home firewise and other hazard related topics. Staff Assignment & Schedule Planning, Building: On going Planning, CDD: On going Planning, Building Division: On going All City Departments: On going Planning, Building Division: On going with Annual Report Financing Plan Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Funding integrated into department budget Page 83 of 91

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86 SECTION 8: IMPLICATIONS TO COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM I. Community Rating System A. Preventive Goals B. Future Rate Reduction II. Repetitive Loss (Plan) Properties Located 88 In Centralia III. Centralia s Flood Information Website I. COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM The National Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS: 1. Reduce flood losses; 2. Facilitate accurate insurance rating; and 3. Promote the awareness of flood insurance. For CRS participating communities, flood insurance premium rates are discounted in increments of 5%; i.e., a Class 1 community would receive a 45% premium discount, while a Class 9 community would receive a 5% discount (a Class 10 is not participating in the CRS and receives no discount). The CRS classes for local communities are based on 18 creditable activities, organized under four categories: 1. Public Information, 2. Mapping and Regulations, 3. Flood Damage Reduction, and 4. Flood Preparedness. The Community Rating System (CRS) class is important because participating in CRS can reduce the amount of money that residents pay for flood insurance. A lower score provides a higher percentage reduction. Credit points earned, classification awarded, and premium reductions given for communities in the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System Premium Reduction Credit Points Class SFHA* Non SFHA** 4, % 10% 4,000 4, % 10% 3,500 3, % 10% 3,000 3, % 10% Page 85 of 91

87 2,500 2, % 10% 2,000 2, % 10% 1,500 1, % 5% 1,000 1, % 5% % 5% % 0% *Special Flood Hazard Area **Preferred Risk Policies are available only in B, C, and X Zones for properties that are shown to have a minimal risk of flood damage. The Preferred Risk Policy does not receive premium rate credits under the CRS because it already has a lower premium than other policies. The CRS credit for AR and A99 zones are based on non-sfhas (B, C, and X). Credits are: classes 1-6, 10% and classes 7-9, 5%. Premium reductions are subject to change. Source: FEMA - A. City of Centralia Current Rating Each year, a community must recertify by October 1 st that it is continuing to implement the activities for which it has earned credit. Recertification is done on the recertification worksheet, AW-214, which is prepared by ISO and sent to the community each August. The recertification worksheet lists community data and the activities and elements the community is implementing for CRS credit. The table below shows the activities for which a community can receive points for as of October 1, The City is currently ranked a Class 7 as of December 2008, and residents receive a 15 percent discount on flood insurance rates. The City is currently in the midst of a 5-year CRS audit, and hopes to achieve a Class 4 or 5 ranking through the 2008 recertification process. To calculate the number of points a municipality receives, a few term definitions are necessary: Series - The CRS activities are divided into four series: Public Information, Mapping and Regulation, Damage Reduction, and Flood Preparedness. Their titles are selfexplanatory, and the credits within them follow the main objective of the titles. Activity - Each series has from three to six activities. Each activity has a title, such as Additional Flood Data or Flood Warning Program. The titles are mostly selfexplanatory, but they may include components that are not specifically named in the title. At the end of the credit calculation process, the credits for all activities are added together to get the community s total score. Elements - Within each activity, there are one or more elements. These are discrete pieces of a community s floodplain management program, and each receives a certain number of credit points. The first step is to review each activity proposed by the community for adequacy and completeness. Under each activity in the CRS Schedule is a section entitled Credit Points. Each element has a maximum number of credit points that can be earned if the element is being implemented to certain standards throughout the community or throughout the floodplain. A community will receive less than the maximum points if its program does not include all the elements listed in the Credit Points section. Page 86 of 91

88 CRS Annual Certification Activity Number Activity Description Public Information Activities (Series 300) (Elevation Certificates) Maintain FEMA elevation certificates for all new construction. Maintaining them after the date of CRS application is a minimum requirement for any CRS credit. (Map Information) Respond to inquiries to identify a property's FIRM zone and publicize this service. (Outreach Projects) Send information about the flood hazard, flood insurance, and flood protection measures to flood prone residents or all residents of the community. (Hazard Disclosure) Real estate agents advise potential purchasers of flood prone property about the flood hazard; or regulations require a notice of the flood hazard. (Flood Protection Information) The public library maintains references on flood insurance and flood protection. (Flood Protection Assistance) Give inquiring property owners technical advice on protecting their buildings from flooding, and publicize this service. Mapping and Regulatory Activities (Series 400) (Additional Flood Data) Develop new flood elevations, floodway delineations, wave heights, or other regulatory flood hazard data for an area that was not mapped in detail by the flood insurance study; or have the flood insurance study's hydrology or allowable floodway surcharge based on a higher state or local standard. (Open Space Preservation) Guarantee that a portion of currently vacant floodplain will be kept free from development. (Higher Regulatory Standards) Require freeboard; require soil tests or engineered foundations; require compensatory storage; zone the floodplain for minimum lot sizes of 1 acre or larger; regulate to protect sand dunes; or have regulations tailored to protect critical facilities or areas subject to special flood hazards (e.g., alluvial fans, ice jams, or subsidence). (Flood Data Maintenance) Keep flood and property data on computer records; use better base maps; or maintain elevation reference marks. (Stormwater Management) Regulate new development throughout the watershed to ensure that post-development runoff is no worse than pre-development runoff. Flood Damage Reduction Activities (Series 500) (Floodplain Management Planning) Prepare, adopt, implement, and update a comprehensive plan using a standard planning process. 520 (Acquisition and Relocation) Acquire and/or relocate floodprone buildings so that they are out of the floodplain. 530 (Flood Protection) Document floodproofed or elevated pre-firm buildings. 540 (Drainage System Maintenance) Conduct periodic inspections of all channels and retention basins and perform maintenance as needed. 610 Flood Preparedness Activities (Series 600) (Flood Warning Program) Provide early flood warnings to the public and have a detailed flood response plan keyed to flood crest predictions. 620 (Levee Safety) Maintain levees that are not credited with providing base flood protection. 630 (Dam Safety) All communities in a State with an approved dam safety program receive credit. Page 87 of 91

89 B. Future Rate Reductions Implementing some of the new policies and projects will likely increase the City of Centralia s CRS rating. The ability to receive CRS points from a policy or project will be taken into account when deciding any future priority listing. II. REPETITIVE LOSS (PLAN) PROPERTIES LOCATED IN CENTRALIA The City of Centralia as of September 5, 2008 has fifteen (15) repetitive loss properties. There are seven (7) properties that are residential and the other eight (8) are considered commercial properties. The City addresses repetitive loss properties that are residential by elevating, relocating or buying out the homes. In 2008, the City applied for 1.5 million in Flood Hazard Mitigation Grant funds to elevate homes that were damaged during the 2007 flood event. If the receives the full grant amount it should assist in elevating homes. The City addresses commercial repetitive loss properties by working with property owners to elevate, relocate, flood proof or be bought out. The City understands that many repetitive loss properties were constructed prior to the adoption of the floodplain regulations. We are working with the existing commercial buildings that are located in the floodplain to reduce flood losses by developing an emergency flood plan as well as encouraging property owners to flood proof their structures. Repetitive Loss Properties in Centralia XXX Courtland XXX W Magnolia XXX Harrison XXXX Grand Avenue XXX W 7 th XXXX Lake Shore Dr. XXX Long Road XXX N Gold XXX W Main XXXX Lake Shore Dr. XXXX Grand Avenue XXXX W 1 st XXX Lake Shore Dr. XXX Harrison XXX Union Avenue III. CENTRALIA S FLOOD INFORMATION WEBSITE The City developed a flood information website after the 2007 flood event. During the flood the City discovered the need to provide important and accurate flood information which can be updated quickly. The City s website can provide information on everything from preparing for a flood to cleaning up after a flood event there is also a section on how to work with contractors. The website has posted flood maps and local river reading data. The website can be viewed at: Page 88 of 91

90 SECTION 9: PLAN MAINTENANCE: IMPLEMENT, EVALUATE, AND REVISE I. Implement 89 II. Evaluate and Revise 89 III. Prioritization of Action Items 90 I. IMPLEMENT A plan means little if it is not implemented. To be successful, the plan must be implemented by the combined efforts of individuals, neighborhoods, civic groups, and local government. Many of the plan s goals and policies reflect this shared responsibility. City government has the primary responsibility to implement the Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan and Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. The City s two main implementation activities are regulating and managing development, and funding improvements. A. Funding Funding for the plan implementation is integrated in the City s overall Capital Facilities Plan and in the individual budgets of each participating department. It is an integral part of the City s work program and separate funding is not necessary. Today, diverse responsibilities are managed by each responsible department. B. Land Use Regulations The City must create and/or update regulations to ensure that new and existing developments are consistent with the community s values and goals as expressed in this Plan. These regulations include floodplain management requirements, zoning, subdivision, building, environmental codes, stormwater regulations, and design review guidelines and standards. II. EVALUATE AND REVISE The framers of the Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan and Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan recognize that the environment changes, sometimes rapidly, and that plans, procedures, and policies must also change. The objective of the Plan is to produce an ongoing program of activities that will best tackle the community s vulnerability to flooding and meet other community needs. All possible activities have been reviewed and implemented so that the most appropriate solutions are used to address this hazard. The activities are coordinated with each other and with other community goals, objectives, and activities, preventing conflicts and reducing the costs of implementing individual activities. Residents are involved in continuing public education about the flooding hazard, loss reduction measures, and the natural and beneficial Page 89 of 91

91 functions of floodplains. Public and political support is strong for projects that prevent new problems, reduce losses and protect the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains. III. 1. The plan and later amendments will be officially adopted by the City Council. 2. The plan shall be monitoring and evaluation should be periodically conducted no less than every five (5) years. 3. All updates will assess the effectiveness of the goals and policies, and to identify new practices or ideas that may need to be added in order to produce a result consistent with the community s visions and values, and changing needs and priorities. PRIORITIZATION OF ACTION ITEMS The City of Centralia operates under the requirements of the Washington State Growth Management Act. City government format is a Council-Mayor with a City Manager. City staff evaluates actions based on community needs as expressed in the Growth Management Act and the various comprehensive plans adopted by the City Council. Staff prepares recommendations for specific actions to the Council for consideration. Council weighs the input from staff and citizens before making any decisions. Before an action may proceed there must be a demonstrated need and funding must be secured. When funding is available and approval of the Council is given, the project is included in the annual budget. Need for an action to proceed may be determined in a variety of ways including but not limited to: action items identified in adopted plans, cost benefit analysis, necessary service, emergency, directive from state or federal agencies, safety or other benefit to the community. For planning purposes projects are evaluated and included in the annual update of the 6-year capital facilities plan (CFP). Many projects in the CFP are dependent on outside funding. Possible sources of funding are the general fund, capital improvement funds, utility reserves, private agencies, economic development organizations, state agencies, federal agencies and philanthropic sources. Other sources of funding may, from time to time, become available for specified actions that may or may not be included in the community planning process. Page 90 of 91

92 SECTION 10: APPENDICES Exhibit Maps Date Created 1 Floodplain Map (100 & 500 Year flood) July Centralia Floodplain Map (1996, 2007, HWM) June Flood Warning Map May Rivers and Lakes Map October Steep Slopes Map October National Wetland Inventory Map October Critical Outwash Gravel Aquifer Map October Earthquake Map October Land Use Map October Zoning Map April Stormwater Facilities Map May Sanitary Sewer Facilities Map May Water Distribution Facilities Map May Electric Distribution Facilities Map May Centralia Schools Map July Centralia Parks Map May Centralia Street Map October Evacuation Route Map October 2008 Other Supporting Documents 19 Comprehensive Flood Management and Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Adoption Ordinance: December Environmental Review SEPA documents Page 91 of 91

93 Joppish Rd McAuley Dr Lincoln Creek Rd Grant St Sandy Blvd Sheridan St Fern Dr River Heights Rd Blanchard Rd Union Ave 161 Alpenwood Ln Legend Goodrich Rd Wagner Rd 163 Summerside Dr 156 CarmenLn Lebaron Ln High Water Marks City Limits UGA Boundary 100 Year Flood 500 Year Flood Flood (PIE 100 yr) Gallagher Rd Swanson Dr Prairie Ave 155 Lemar Ln Northpark Dr Galvin Rd Graf Rd Sandra Ave Ives Rd Steelhammer Dr Rancho Rd Camre Ln 167 Eshom Rd Searle Dr Prill Rd Tiger Ln Colonial Dr 178 Foron Rd Horsley Ave Russell Rd Harrison Ave Fords Prairie Ave Borst Ave Mt Vista Rd Oakland Ave Scammon Creek Rd Eloah Way Bailey Ave Washington Way Alberta Dr Taylor St Airport Rd I5SB I5NB Cooks Hill Rd NW Airport Rd Hobson Rd Bennett Rd Jalyn St Bryden Ave SScheuber Rd Van Wormer St Caveness Dr Allen Ave Pioneer Way Military Rd Johnson Rd Frog Hollow Ln Nick Rd View Ave NW Louisiana Ave Delano Rd Lum Rd Exit 79 SB On Padrick Rd Blair Rd Industrial Dr Exit 82 NBOn Haviland St WMellen St Exit 82 SB On Exit 81 NB On NW State Ave 173 Eckerson Rd Exit 81 SBOn Exit 79 NB On Nugget Dr WReynolds Ave Long Rd Yew St MSt LSt KSt JSt W1stSt China Creek WChestnut St Elm St Mellen St Dickey Rd NSt Alexander St Lewis St 177 EHighSt Clearview Hts 178 W Bridge St Tilley Ave Christy Ln LSt Alder St South St LSt N Ash St River Rd NNational Ave W 6th St HSt GSt W Pine St WMainSt W Locust St WCherry St Woodland Ave NE CoalCreekRd Coffee CreekDr KSt Goff St HamiltonAve DixonRd WRoanoke St SIronSt SSilver St FSt W2nd St NOakSt Hillview Rd W7thSt W5thSt W5thSt WCarsonSt NIronSt NRockSt S Pearl St STower Ave Floral St NE Kresky Ave ESt Grand Ave Fair St N Pearl St Field Ave Kresky Ave Sawall Ave Virginia Dr 186 Hillkress St N Tower Ave Railroad Ave SGoldSt Seward Ave BSt NGoldSt ESumma St NE Sky Ln Lowery Ln PacificAve Central Blvd Eureka Ave China Creek E Locust St S Diamond St Zenkner Valley Rd Downing Rd Byrd St Howard Ave E Oakview Ave ERoanoke St Beach St E6thSt NBuckner St Carol Rd Centralia Floodplain Map Oxford Ave Delaware Ave EMainSt Northridge Dr Logan St Yakima St Seminary Hill Rd Salzer Creek Alvord Rd Farmview Dr Daniels Rd Marion St Roswell Rd Maple Valley Dr Ham Hill Rd Salzer Valley Rd State Route 507 Eastridge Dr 199 Gleason Rd Blue Rd Halliday Rd CentraliaAlphaRd Elma Dr N ElmaDr Little Hanaford Rd The boundaries of the sensitive areas displayed on this map are approximate. Field verification of all sensitive areas is necessary in order to determine exact boundaries. Additional sensitive areas that have not been mapped may be present on a development proposal site. Miles 1 inch equals 0.62 miles Created on June 12, 2008 Nix Ln 200 McAtee Rd

94 Jerica Ln Dr Flood Warning Map for Centralia, Chehalis and Vicinity mers Rd Rd ek Smith Rd Scammon Cooks Joppish Rd Road Sheridan St Sandy Blvd Creek Galvin Hill Union Ave Fern Dr River Heights Rd Blanchard Wa Goodrich Summerside Dr Alpenwood Ln Lebaron Ln Carmen Ln Graf Gallagher Rd Road Road Road Ives Rd Northpark Road Camre Ln Road Harrison Scammon Cr Rd Ave Cedar Ridge Dr Road Foron Rd Commercial Blvd Taylor St Van Wormer River Frog Hollow Ln Delano Rd Padrick Rd Blair Rd Nugget Dr Clearview Hts Sawall Av W Woodhaven Ln Roanoke St Dixon Rd Gold St Sawall Av Cheney Ln Reynolds Ave Skookumchuck owery Ln Zenkner V Riv Northridge Dr Farmview Ln Alvord Rd Salzer State Route Blue Rd Gleason Rd Salzer Nix Ln Nancy Ln Elma Dr Eastridge D Sandy Ln Elma Dr N Ham Little Mc Atee Rd Hill Rd Wakef Blossom Ln Wigley Rd Halliday Seminary Valley Loop Rd Road Battle Ridge Dr Hanaford Tri Mountain Ln Hill Road South Green Bla Bowman Rd Crest Ln Coal Ravena Dr McAuley Dr Creek Scheuber Airport Road National Ave Kresky Avenue Centralia Widgeon Hill Rd Salzer Rd Profitt Lanakila Ln unset Dr McLaughlin Rd Rd off Road Wisner Creek Rd Bieber Rd Dr Rd Peregrine Rd Kray Rd Shannon Ln Brockway Rd Stearns Road Oaks Smokey Ln Whitney Blvd Rd Oak Point Cabe Rd Road South State Route 6 Heden Rd Peterson Rd Chehalis Tune Donahoe Rd High way Nix Rd Road Springbrook Dr 603 Devereese Rd Shor ey Hillburger Rd Roberts Dr Galaxie Rd Heartland Dr Home Pl Road Hollyview Ln Three M Coal Rice Roge rs Coal Dillenbaugh Road Creek Creek Sturdevant Rd Labree Rd N Alderwood Briarwood Ct Bishop Rd Nicola Ct Dr Wallace Rd Ribelin Rd Nyman Rd Rainier Ct Grizzly Ct Kennicott Rd Downie Rd Bear Ridgemont Rd View Dr Kodiak Ln Bearclaw Ln Tillicum Dr Chehalis Valley Rd McBride Ct Maurin Rd Kennicott Dr Carter Ln merl Way Lloyd Hill Dr Road Karabe Ln Sanderson Rd Jackson Creek Macomber Road Flood Warning Phases Phase 1 Phase 3 The phase descriptions and flood limits on this map were developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with assistance from the city of Centralia, the city of Chehalis and Lewis County in Phase 2 Phase 4 Map produced by Lewis County GIS - May 23, 2002

95 Chehalis River Hanaford Creek Coffee Creek Skookumchuck Scammon Creek Chehalis River Scammon Cr. Fort Borst I5 Hayes Lake Plummer China Creek China Creek Salzer Creek The boundaries of the sensitive areas displayed on this map are approximate. Field verification of all sensitive areas is necessary in order to determine exact boundaries. Additional sensitive areas that have not been mapped may be present on a development proposal site. Salzer Creek Legend City Limits UGA Boundary Lakes and Rivers Centralia Parks Creeks µ Created Centralia Rivers and Lakes Map Miles 1 inch equals 0.68 miles on July 27, 2007

96 SGold St w w w Lincoln Creek Rd Joppish Rd McAuley Dr Sheridan St Grant St Sandy Blvd Union Ave River Heights Rd Blanchard Rd Goodrich Rd Alpenwood Ln Summerside Dr Wagner Rd Lebaron Ln Carmen Ln w Gallagher Rd Spring Ln Prairie Ave Ives Rd Galvin Rd Eshom Rd Cooks Hill Rd Graf Rd Sandra Ave Colonial Dr Foron Rd Russell Rd Taylor St Harrison Ave Borst Ave Mt Vista Rd Scammon Creek Rd Hobson Rd Jalyn St w I5SB I5NB Van Wormer St Allen Ave SScheuberRd w Johnson Rd w Blair Rd w w Airport Rd w Long Rd WReynoldsAve µ Centralia w Steep Slopes Map Miles Created on July 27, inch equals 0.67 miles NW Airport Rd Frog Hollow Ln Industrial Dr The boundaries of the sensitive areas displayed on this map are approximate. Field verification of all sensitive areas is necessary in order to determine exact boundaries. Additional sensitive areas that have not been mapped may be present on a development proposal site. Legend City Limits UGA Boundary Slopes > 30% Rancho Rd Camre Ln Cowlitz Rd Washington Way View Ave Nick Rd Military Rd NW Louisiana Ave Delano Rd Lum Rd NW State Ave Exit 82 NB On I5 Exit 81 NB On Exit 81 SB On NW WestSt Nugget Dr Exit 79 NB On Yew St Elm St M St Alexander St Tilley Ave LSt NAshSt KSt JSt Alder St W6thSt N National Ave HSt GSt FSt WPineSt WMainSt WPearSt Goff St South St NE Coal Creek Rd W Roanoke St River Rd SSilverSt NE Kresky Ave ESt N Tower Ave STowerAve Grand Ave NPearlSt SPearlSt Sawall Ave Kresky Ave Seward Ave WCarsonSt W7thSt Field Ave BSt NGoldSt Eureka Ave Central Blvd w ww w Salzer Valley Rd Pacific Ave Fair St Downing Rd Zenkner Valley Rd Howard Ave E Oakview Ave E Roanoke St Beach St E3rdSt Marion St Byrd St ELocust St EPearSt Delaware Ave Alvord Rd Pike St Coal Creek Rd Logan St Rhobina St Ham Hill Rd Roswell Rd State Route 507 Seminary Hill Rd Big Hanaford Rd Blue Rd Halliday Rd Little Hanaford Rd Nix Ln Centralia Alpha Rd Elma Dr N

97 SGold St Lincoln Creek Rd Joppish Rd McAuley Dr Sheridan St Grant St Sandy Blvd Union Ave River Heights Rd Blanchard Rd Goodrich Rd Alpenwood Ln Summerside Dr Wagner Rd Lebaron Ln Carmen Ln Gallagher Rd Spring Ln Prairie Ave Ives Rd Galvin Rd Eshom Rd Cooks Hill Rd Graf Rd Sandra Ave Colonial Dr Foron Rd Russell Rd Taylor St Harrison Ave Borst Ave Mt Vista Rd Scammon Creek Rd NW Airport Rd Hobson Rd Jalyn St I5SB I5NB Van Wormer St Allen Ave SScheuberRd Johnson Rd Frog Hollow Ln Blair Rd Industrial Dr The boundaries of the sensitive areas displayed on this map are approximate. Field verification of all sensitive areas is necessary in order to determine exact boundaries. Additional sensitive areas that have not been mapped may be present on a development proposal site. Legend City Limits UGA Boundary µ Created Rancho Rd National Wetland Inventory Camre Ln Cowlitz Rd Washington Way View Ave Nick Rd Military Rd NW Louisiana Ave Delano Rd Lum Rd Exit 82 SB On NW State Ave Exit 82 NB On Exit 81 NB On Exit 81 SB On Airport Rd NW WestSt Nugget Dr Exit 79 NB On Long Rd WReynoldsAve Yew St Elm St M St Alexander St Tilley Ave I5 LSt NAshSt KSt JSt Alder St W6thSt N National Ave HSt GSt FSt WPineSt WMainSt WPearSt Goff St South St NE Coal Creek Rd W Roanoke St River Rd SSilverSt NE Kresky Ave ESt N Tower Ave STowerAve Grand Ave NPearlSt SPearlSt Sawall Ave Kresky Ave Seward Ave WCarsonSt W7thSt Field Ave BSt NGoldSt Eureka Ave Central Blvd Salzer Valley Rd Pacific Ave Fair St Downing Rd Zenkner Valley Rd Howard Ave E Oakview Ave E Roanoke St Beach St E3rdSt Marion St Byrd St ELocust St EPearSt Delaware Ave Alvord Rd Pike St Coal Creek Rd Logan St Yakima St Rhobina St Ham Hill Rd Roswell Rd State Route 507 Seminary Hill Rd National Wetland Inventory Map Miles 1 inch equals 0.67 miles Big Hanaford Rd Blue Rd Halliday Rd Little Hanaford Rd Nix Ln on July 27, 2007 Centralia Alpha Rd Elma Dr N Source: US Army Corp of Engineers

98 Chehalis River Hanaford Creek Skookumchuck Scammon Creek Chehalis River Scammon Cr. Fort Borst I5 Hayes Lake Plummer China Creek China Creek Salzer Creek The boundaries of the sensitive areas displayed on this map are approximate. Field verification of all sensitive areas is necessary in order to determine exact boundaries. Additional sensitive areas that have not been mapped may be present on a development proposal site. Salzer Creek µ City Limits UGA Boundary Legend Outwash Gravel Aquifer Lakes and Rivers Creeks Critical Outwash Gravel Aquifer Miles 1 inch equals 0.68 miles Created on July 27, 2007 Source: Lewis County Enviornmental Health

99 EARTHQUAKE MAP SEISMICITY OCTOBER 12, 2008

100 Hazel Dr Wagner Rd Prairie Ave Goodrich Rd Hoss Rd Hobson Rd I5SB Zenkner Valley Rd Northridge Dr State Route 507 Elma Dr N Wakefield Dr Blossom Ln Lincoln CreekRd Joppish Rd Grant St Sandy Blvd Sheridan St Fern Dr Union Ave River Heights Rd Alpenwood Ln Summerside Dr Carmen Ln Lebaron Ln Gallagher Rd Swanson Dr Blanchard Rd Lemar Ln Northpark Dr Galvin Rd Graf Rd Sandra Ave Ives Rd Steelhammer Dr Rancho Rd Camre Ln Rodcin Ave Eshom Rd Searle Dr Prill Rd Tiger Ln Colonial Dr Foron Rd Russell Rd Harrison Ave Fords PrairieAve Pheasant Rd HorsleyAve Borst Ave Mt Vista Rd OaklandAve Scammon Creek Rd Eloah Way Bailey Ave Washington Way Cobra Ln Bennett Rd Jalyn St Taylor St Bryden Ave Cooks Hill Rd S Scheuber Rd Van Wormer St Caveness Dr Allen Ave Pioneer Way Military Rd Johnson Rd Frog Hollow Ln View Ave Belmont Ave Lum Rd Blair Rd Industrial Dr Nick Rd WMellen St Delano Rd Padrick Rd Haviland St Exit 82 SB On I5NB I5 Exit 81 NB On Eckerson Rd Exit 82 NB On Mellen St Exit 81 SB On Nugget Dr W Reynolds Ave EHighSt WHighSt Lewis St Ellsbury St Elm St Mellen St Long Rd Clearview Hts WBridgeSt Dickey Rd YewSt N St Alexander St Tilley Ave WChestnut St Christy Ln MSt South St LSt SAsh St Alder St River Rd KSt JSt W1stSt NWashingtonAve HSt GSt WPine St W Main St WLocust St WPearSt WPlum St WCherry St S Cedar St LSt NAsh St NCedarSt Woodland Ave Coffee Creek Dr KSt W5thSt NKingSt Madison St W Roanoke St Dixon Rd Jefferson St W3rdSt NOak St SIronSt Jackson St Hillview Rd W Carson St Collison St W6thSt W5thSt SPearlSt FSt W2nd St NIronSt NRockSt S Silver St Floral St STowerAve E St GrandAve Ahlers Ave N Pearl St Field Ave Kresky Ave Sawall Ave N Tower Ave Railroad Ave S Gold St ESumma St Centralia Ave Lowery Ln Cheney Ln NoelAve Virginia Dr Hillkress St Seward Ave BSt N Gold St Pacific Ave Central Blvd E Locust St SDiamond St Eureka Ave EOakview Ave ERoanoke St Beach St E6th St E1stSt May St NBuckner St Downing Rd Howard Ave Marion St Byrd St Delaware Ave Alvord Rd Oxford Ave EMain St State St E Windsor Ave Seminary Hill Rd Pike St Logan St Yakima St Duffy St Daniels Rd Rhobina St Ham Hill Rd Roswell Rd Maple ValleyDr Eastridge Dr Salzer Valley Rd Blue Rd Halliday Rd Little Hanaford Rd Gleason Rd Elma Dr Wigley Rd Big Hanaford Rd McAtee Rd Ham Rd Legend Land Use Designation Smokey Ln Very Low Density Residential Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential Med High Density Residential High Density Residential Parks & Open Space McAuley Dr Medical/Health Care Public Facilities Limited Business District CBD Commercial General Commercial Deer Fern Ln Light Industrial Whitney Blvd Heavy Industrial Alexander Dr NW Airport Rd NW River St NW Florida Ave Airport Rd NW Louisiana Ave Exit 77 NB On Exit 79 SB On NW Vine St NW State Ave NW Folsom St NW West St Exit 79 NB On NW Gertrude St NE Hillside Dr NE Washington Ave NMarketBlvd NW Prindle St NW North St NE Coal Creek Rd NE Summit Rd N National Ave NE Median St NE Kresky Ave Fair St NE Sky Ln NE Grove St Centralia Land Use Map Miles Farmview Dr Coal CreekRd Nix Ln Centralia Alpha Rd Widgeon Hill Rd 1 inch equals 0.68 miles Created on June 15, 2007 Bear View Dr

101 Legend City Limits UGA Boundary Parcels_ Zoning April 22, 2008 ZONE R2 R4 R8 R15 R20 LBD C1 C2 C3 H1 M1 M2 PMP OSPF µ Centralia Zoning Map Miles 1 inch equals 0.66 miles Created on June 11, 2008

102 Thurston County Lewis County Smith Rd Lincoln Creek Rd Grant St Sandy Blvd Sheridan St Union Ave Fern Dr Wagner Rd Carmen Ln Lebaron Ln Spring Ln Gallagher Rd Prairie Ave Northpark Dr Graf Rd Eshom Rd Sandra Ave Ives Rd Russell Rd ForonRd Borst Ave Taylor St Scheuber Rd I5SB I5NB Johnson Rd BlairRd Reynolds Ave Airport Rd Long Rd Mahoney Dr Mayberry Rd Frost Dr Camre Ln Lemar Ln Rodcin Ave Stillwaters Ave Prill Rd Kuper Rd Colonial Dr Horsley Ave Edgewood Ln Fords Prairie Ave Mt Vista Rd Bryden Ave Pheasant Rd Bailey Ave Cobra Ln Bennett Rd Van Wormer St Military Rd Nick Rd Belmont Ave Lum Rd Exit 82 NB On Eckerson Rd Exit 81SBOn Yew St Mellen St Cedar St M St Ash St South St LSt King St Alder St River Rd KSt Jackson St JSt 1st St HSt GSt Pine St Main St Pear St Rock St Washington Ave Summa St Silver St Tower Ave Floral St 6th St Iron St FSt ESt Plum St Grand Ave Kresky Ave 4th St 3rd St Hanson St 2nd St Maple St Gold St Carson St BSt Diamond St Pacific Ave Seward Ave Buckner St Central Blvd Eureka Ave Oakview Ave Locust St State St Zenkner Valley Rd Downing Rd Howard St Marion St Byrd St Oakland Ave Smith Rd Jalyn St Caveness Dr Allen Ave Wayne Dr Delano Rd Padrick Rd Industrial Dr Exit 82 SB On Exit 81 NB On Lewis St Lakeshore Dr Clearview Hts Denny Way Bridge St Dickey Rd N St Tilley Ave Chestnut St LSt KSt 5th St Jefferson St Dixon Rd 7th St Oak St Hillview Rd 5th St Rock St Cherry St Roosevelt Ave Ahlers Ave TowerAve Virginia Dr Field Ave 5th St Centralia Ave Sawall Ave Lowery Ln Beach St May St Alvord Rd Oxford Ave Delaware Ave 3rd St Northridge Dr Logan St Yakima St Baker Ave Daniels Rd Ham Hill Rd Roswell Rd Winterwood Dr State Route 507 Blue Rd Little Hanaford Rd Gleason Rd Holli Ln Kelli Ln Wigley Rd Big Hanaford Rd McAtee Rd Bell Rd Fair St Nix Ln Nancy Ln Tuesday, May 8, :34:29 AM G:\ArcMap\Storm Water\CompPlan\Storm System 8x11.mxd Crest Ln Ravena Dr Brockway Rd Storm Main 8" 10" 12" 14" 15" 18" 21" River St Chamber of Commerce Way Louisiana Ave Vine St State Ave Exit 79 NBOn Taylor Way Median St Coal Creek Rd Exhibitor Rd Sky Ln Widgeon Hill Rd 24" µ 30" Unknown UGA Boundary City Limits NOTE: Planned facilities shown on the map depict general locations and conceptual alignments. Actual facility locations ultimately may differ from those depicted. City of Centralia Storm Water Facilities May, 2007

103 JSt Blossom Ln Tuesday, May 8, :14:16 AM G:\ArcMap\Sanitary Sewer Utility\CompPlan\Sewer System8x11.mxd S m Brockway Rd ith Rd Crest Ln Lincoln Creek Rd Joppish Rd Gravity Main Ra vena Dr McAuley Dr 3" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 15" 18" 24" 26" Force Main 3" 4" 6" 8" 10" 14" 18" Grant St Sandy Blvd Sheridan St Lincoln Ave Fern Dr River Heights Rd Union Ave Sewer Pump Station City Limits UGA Boundary WWTP Goodrich Rd Alpenwood Ln Wagner Rd Summersid e Dr Leb aron Ln Carmen Ln Swanson Dr Spring Ln Gallagher Rd Blanchard Rd Prairie Ave Northpark Dr Galvin Rd Ma honey Dr Mayberry Rd Alcott Dr Lemar Ln Cooks Hill Rd Camre Ln Graf Rd Hoss Rd North Port Pump Station Stillwaters Ave Eshom Rd Sandra Ave Ives Rd Rodcin Ave Eshom Pump Station Fieldcrest Ave Cowlitz Rd Colonial Dr Washington Way Kuper Rd Foron Rd Fords Prairie Ave Pheasant Rd Kristene Ct Horsley Ave Russell Rd Cobra Ln Oakland Ave CHEHALIS RIVER Cedar Ridge Dr Bailey Ave Emily Ln Borst Ave Bennett Rd Jalyn St River St Smith Rd Taylor St Scheuber Rd Harrison Ave Mt Vista Rd I5SB I5NB Van Wormer St Industrial Drive Pump Station Bryden Ave Johnson Rd Nick Rd Military Rd Louisiana Ave View Ave Belmont Ave Vine St Del a no Rd Galvin and Scheuber Pump Station Bengal Ct Scott Dr Landing Way Leisure Ln Mt. Vista Pump Station 9th St Borst Pump Station Scammon Creek Pump Station Shamrock Dr NOTE: Planned facilities shown on the map depict general locations and conceptual alignments. Actual facility locations ultimately may differ from those depicted. Wayne Dr Padrick Rd Industrial Lum Rd Exit 82 SB On Exit 81 SB Off Blair Rd Dr State Ave Exit 82 NB On Thurston County Lewis County Jensen Pump Station Exit 81 NB On Exit 81 SB On Exit 79 NBOn High St Lewis St MellenPumpStation Ellsbury St Military Road Pump Station Geary St Airport Rd Bridge St Long Rd Reynolds Ave Tilley Ave Yew St Elm St Mellen St NSt Alexander St Courtland St Clearview Hts Hemlock St Christy Ln Cedar St Ash St M St Woodland Ave LSt L St High Street Pump Station Orton St LSt China Creek Pump Station Long Road Pump Station King St KSt Alder St South St Coffee CreekDr KSt National Ave JSt Washington Ave Pear St Plum St Rock St Madison St Jefferson St 1st St Summa St C oal Creek Rd Dixon Rd Rive Oak St Jackson St South Tower Pump Station Median St r Rd 7th St H St Hillview Rd Silver St 4th St G St Tower Ave Iron St Floral St Kresky Rd Roanoke St Prairie RoseSt Collison St F St ESt Center St Maple St Grand Ave Fair St Pearl St Hanson St Pine St Centralia College Blvd Chestnut St Roosevelt Ave Walnut St Exhibitor Rd Field Ave Kresky Ave Sky Ln 5th St Centralia Ave Gold St Cherry St SawallAve Virginia Dr Carson St 6th St BSt 3rd St 2nd St RailroadAve Diamond St Main St Buckner St Pacific Ave SewardAve Burt Ave North Tower Pump Station Washington Ave Rock St 5th St Cherry St Jefferson Pump Station Alaska Way Lowery Ln Carol Rd Sirkka St Central Blvd Z enkner Valley Rd Eureka Ave OakviewAve Beach St Highland Park Pump Station Reynolds Pump Station Buckner St Ward St Prospect Ave Girard St Magnolia St Floral Pump Station Ace Auto Pump Station Davis St Locust St State St Fair Grounds Pump Station Downing Rd Delaware Ave Alvord Rd Howard St Oxford Ave Windsor Ave 3rd St Byrd St Baker Ave Van Buren Pump State Station Street Pump Station Pike St Logan St Marion St Yakima St Roswe SK OO KU M C H U CK RIVER Daniels Rd Rhobina St ll Rd Ham Hill Rd Se minary Hill Rd State Route 507 Southview Ct Salzer Valley Rd Big Hanaford Rd Maple Valley Dr Lundberg Rd Gleason Rd Nix Ln Holli Ln Centralia Alpha Rd Blue Rd Elma Dr Halliday R d Marion Pump Station City of Centralia Sanitary Sewer Facilities May, 2007 Wakefield Dr Little Hanaford Rd Sandy Ln McAtee Rd Wigley Rd Ham Rd Salzer Valley Pump Station Widgeon Hill Rd

104 B IG HANAFORD RD RAMSAUR RD SHELLEY DR MATZ RD GRIMES RD SALZER VALLEY RD REINKE RD TEITZEL RD HALLIDAY RD LITTLE HANAFORD RD SEMINARY HILL RD TRI MOUNTAIN SHAFER RD PROFFITT RD L OOP RD LN BLOSSOM LN WAKEFI ELD DR EASTRIDGE DR BLUE RD MCATEE RD HAM H IL L RD GLEASON RD NIX N L CENT RALIA ALPHA RD WIDGEON HILL RD Thurston County Lewis County ZENKNER VALLEY RD LOWERY LN HOWARD ST EUREKA AVE SEWARD AVE SAWALL AVE CARSON ST OAKVIEW AVE ROANOKE ST BLAIR RD BEACH ST DIXON RD REYNOLDS AVE RIVER RD LOGAN ST DELAWARE AVE LUM RD B ST 6TH ST BELMONT AVE MARION ST 5TH ST YAKIMA ST 4TH ST ECKER SON RD PEARL ST EST FST G ST H ST K ST LST JST 1ST ST R OSWELL R MST NST D RAILROAD AVE IRON ST OAK ST ALEXANDER ST BYRD ST MAIN ST GOLD ST KING ST WALN UT ST MAIN ST BUCKNER ST SILVER ST PEAR ST ASH ST YEW ST MELLEN ST PLUM ST FIELD AVE CHESTNUT ST ALDER ST JACKSON ST SUMMA ST ALVORD RD PACIFIC AVE CENTRALIAAVE KRESKYAVE TOWER AVE ST SOUTH LONG RD FAIR ST KRESKY RD NATIONALAVE EXIT 79 NB ON SMITH RD I 5 SB I5NB FORON RD SANDRAAVE HORSLEY AVE VAN WORMER ST TAYLOR ST IVES RD HARRISON AVE GALVIN RD FORDS PRAIRIE AVE RUSSELL RD JOHNSON RD JALYN ST BORST AVE ESHOM RD MAYBERRY RD ALLEN AVE MT VISTARD COWLITZ RD BRYDEN AVE OAKLAND AVE NICK RD COOKS HILL RD MILITARY RD SCAMMON CREEK RD SWANSON DR GRAF RD SC HEUBER RD AIRPORT RD WAGNER RD GOODRICH RD UNION AVE RIVER HEIGHTS RD SUMMERSIDE DR BLANCH AR D RD Tuesday, May 8, :23:07 AM G:\ArcMap\Water\CompPlan\Water System 8x11.mxd Water Main City Limits UGA Boundary SHERIDAN ST GRANT ST LINCOLN CREEK RD NOTE: Planned facilities shown on the map depict general locations and conceptual alignments. Actual facility locations ultimately may differ from those depicted. SANDY BLVD JOPPISH RD City of Centralia Water Distribution Facilities May, 2007 CREST LN

105 River St Big Hanaford Rd Little Hanaford Rd Brier Rd Proffitt Rd Ramsaur Rd Shelley Dr Matz Rd Grimes Rd Salzer Valley Rd Reinke Rd Teitzel Rd Shafer Rd Halliday Rd Battle Ridge Dr Loop Rd Sem inary H i l Rd Black Bear Ln Tri Mountain Ln Proffitt Rd Salzer Rd Bear View Dr Wakefiel State Route 507 Wigley Rd d Dr Elma Dr Eastridge Dr Blue Rd Maple Valley Dr McAtee Rd Ham H ill Rd Ham Rd Gleason Rd ") Centralia Alpha Rd n Nix L Widgeon Hill Rd Daniels Rd Thurston County Lewis County Smith Rd Prairie Ave Northridge Dr Zenkner Valley Rd I5SB ") Kuper Rd Downing Rd Lowery Ln Sawall Ave I5NB Howard St Eureka Ave Seward Ave Foron Rd Carson St Bennett Rd Sandra Ave Oakview Ave Roanoke St Blair Rd Van Wormer St Taylor St Ives Rd Lemar Ln Tower Ave Gallagher Rd Hillview Rd Dixon Rd!! Northpark Dr Pearl St Zimmerman Substation Harrison Ave Galvin Rd Reynolds Ave Central Blvd Fords Prairie Ave River Rd Lum Rd Russell Rd Logan St Oxford Ave Delaware Ave Johnson Rd Eshom Rd Fords Prairie Substation Marion St Crescent Ave 7th St! Exit 82 NB On BSt ESt 6th St B St Substation Borst Ave 4th St J St L St Eckers on R d Caveness Dr JalynSt Scheuber Rd 5th St 5th St 3rd St GSt K St Mt Vista Rd 2ndSt F St H St 1st St MSt Roswell R d Hanson St Maple St Washington Ave Bridge St Exit 82 SB On N St Bryden Ave Oakland Ave Buckner St Railroad Ave Oak St Iron St Pine St Main St King St Alexander St Byrd St Cedar St Pear St Gold St St Silver St Rock Ash St Nick Rd Diamond St Cooks Hill Rd Locust St Plum St Walnut St Yew St Exit 81 NB On Lewis St Saxon St Plum St Lakeshore Dr Elm St Alder St Mellen St Military Rd Scheuber Rd Scammon Stillwaters Ave Frost Dr Cherry St Field Ave Jefferson St Creek Rd Summa St State St Kresky Ave Tower Ave Woodland Ave South St Exit 81SBOn Alvord Rd Pacific Ave Long Rd Grand Ave Airport Rd Graf Rd Fair St Kresky Rd Sky Ln National Ave Exit 79 NB On Coa State Ave Louisiana Ave l Creek Rd M aryland A ve Vine St Swanson Dr Wagner Rd Goodrich Rd Sheridan St Union Ave River Heights Rd Summerside D r Car men Ln Blanch ard R d Sandy Blvd Tuesday, May 8, :26:01 PM G:\ArcMap\City_Light\BaseMaps\CompPlan\ElectricFacilities_8x11.mxd OH Electric Distribution UG Electric Distribution! Substation ") Planned Substation City Limits UGA Boundary S ummers Rd Smith Rd Lincoln Creek R d NOTE: Planned facilities shown on the map depict general locations and conceptual alignments. Actual facility locations ultimately may differ from those depicted. Otto Rd Mattson Rd Joppish Rd ") Crest Ln McA u ley Dr µ Bowman Rd Walsh Ln City of Centralia Electric Distribution Facilities May, 2007 Brockway Rd Brookside Ln

106 Oakview School Fords Prairie School High School Middle School Edison School I5 Centralia College Trans. Co-op Washington School Jefferson-Lincoln School Legend Parks_Shapefile UGA_Boundary Schools_College µ Created Centralia Schools Map on April 24, 2007 Miles 1 inch equals 0.68 miles

107 Oakview School Fords Prairie School Parkin Park Parkin Park High School Middle School Riverside Park Riverside Park Borst Park Edison School Wagner Park Cedar St. Park Centralia College Trans. Co-op Seminary Hill Natural Area Seminary Hill Natural Area Washington School Jefferson-Lincoln School Legend City Limits UGA Boundary Parks_OpenSpace Schools_College 1 inch equals 0.65 miles Miles Centralia Parks Map Created on May 30, 2008

108 J St Hobson Rd Hoss Rd Wagner Rd Prairie Ave Goodrich Rd Zenkner Valley Rd Northridge Dr State Route507 Elma Dr N Fern Dr River Heights Rd Union Ave Alpenwood Ln Carmen Ln Lebaron Ln Sunrise Ln Gallagher Rd Swanson Dr Blanchard Rd Northpark Dr Midway Ct Lemar Ln Galvin Rd Steelhammer Dr Southworth Ln Mayberry Rd public/quasi-public Camre Ln Cooks Hill Rd Graf Rd Sandra Ave Ives Rd Eshom Rd Greenwood Ln Prill Rd Tiger Ln Colonial Dr Foron Rd Fords Prairie Ave Russell Rd Pheasant Rd Horsley Ave Mason Ave Washington Way Scammon Creek Rd Eloah Way Bailey Ave N Scheuber Rd Borst Ave Mt Vista Rd Oakland Ave Emily Ln Jalyn St Bennett Rd Taylor St I5SB I 5NB public/quasi-public Jalyn Ct Scott Dr Landing Way HarrisonAve Bryden Ave S Scheuber Rd Van Wormer St Johnson Rd public/quasi-public Military Rd Caveness Dr Pioneer Way Shamrock Dr Borst Park Nick Rd Frog Hollow Ln View Ave Belmont Ave WMellen St Delano Rd Lum Rd Blair Rd Industrial Dr Padrick Rd Haviland St Exit 82 SB On Exit 81 NB On Mellen St Eckerson Rd Exit 82 NB On Exit 81 SB On Nugget Dr W Reynolds Ave EHighSt WHigh St Lewis St Riverside Park Riverside Park Yew St M St W 1st St K St JSt Wagner Park trans/util public/quasi-public public/quasi-public public/quasi-public public/quasi-public Ellsbury St Elm St Mellen St Long Rd Clearview Hts WBridgeSt Dickey Rd NSt Aurora St Alexander St WChestnut St Brotherson Rd TilleyAve Christy Ln Orton St SAshSt South St LSt LSt NAsh St SKing St Alder St River Rd public/quasi-public W 6th St HSt GSt W 3rd St FSt W2ndSt public/quasi-public WPine St WMain St WCherry St W Roanoke St NOak St WPlumSt Jefferson St Hunt St Coffee Creek Dr K St W 5th St NKingSt Madison St Dixon Rd SIronSt Jackson St Hillview Rd Collison St W7thSt W 5th St NIronSt NRockSt S Silver St Floral St WCarsonSt SPearlSt ESt N Pearl St public/quasi-public Parkin Park Parkin Park SGold St B St NGoldSt Seminary Hill Natural Area Seminary Hill Natural Area public/quasi-public STower Ave W4thSt GrandAve Ahlers Ave Kresky Ave Sawall Ave N Tower Ave WHanson St NSilver St Railroad Ave Hickory St ESumma St Seward Ave E Locust St State St Lowery Ln Cheney Ln Virginia Dr ECherry St Burt Ave Lilac Ln EMainSt SDiamond St Pacific Ave Eureka Ave ECarson St EOakview Ave E Roanoke St Beach St E 2nd St E1st St May St N Buckner St SBerrySt Central Blvd ProspectAve Byrd St State St E Downing Rd Delaware Ave Howard Ave Seminary Hill Rd Alvord Rd Oxford Ave Windsor Ave Rose St E3rdSt EMainSt Pike St Logan St Yakima St Duffy St Daniels Rd Bayne St Marion St Roswell Rd Ham Hill Rd Salzer Valley Rd Big Hanaford Rd Maple Valley Dr Blue Rd Halliday Rd Little Hanaford Rd Gleason Rd Holli Ln Elma Dr Wakefield Dr McAtee Rd Bell Rd Legend UGA Boundary Parks_OpenSpace Parcels_ Cedar Ridge Dr Fair St Farmview Dr Nix Ln Centralia Alpha Rd City_Limits_updated_2008 Bridges City Facilities Exhibitor Rd NE KreskyAve NE Sky Ln 1 inch equals 0.57 miles Miles Centralia Streets & Bridges Map Airport Rd Exit 79 SB Off N National Ave NE Median St NE Grove St Created on October 16, 2008 Widgeon Hill Rd

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