DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS OF THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SECTOR IN POLAND

Transcription

1 ALS Advanced Logistic Systems DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS OF THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SECTOR IN POLAND Jerzy Szkutnik Częstochowa University of Technoogy Abstract: The report presents the main probems focused in the frame of deveopment of network system in Poand.Author used owner methoodogy which give the opportunity to anaize the soution of working eectricity system in future. The presented methodoogy iscribe in practica ogistic soutions in energy sector. Keywords: deveopment trends, energy system Introduction The projections and modes of the functioning of the power industry in Poand against the background of other European countries presented in this chapter specify the technoogica and management-reated conditions which have to be met if Poand is to reduce the distance to the EU 15 countries by the year 2030, achieving significant progress in creating GDP at the eve approaching the deveoped countries. The projections of the deveopment trends for the power industry in Poand vs. the corresponding trends in EU 15 and other newy acceding countries shed ight on the crucia goba indicators, such as eectrica energy production, GDP, and tota energy consumption. For these indicators to reach, or exceed the target vaues the appropriate power infrastructure has to exist. Such infrastructure, constituting the eectrica power system consists of the foowing eements: power pants, system networks 220, 400, 750 kv for the transmission of eectrica energy, kv, medium-votage, and ow-votage networks for the distribution of eectrica energy. The anaysis conducted refers to two sectors of the system, namey the transmission networks and distribution networks. The parameter on which the output is dependent is the unitary production of eectrica energy, since this particuar parameter appeared in the investigations performed so far. Since the transmission and distribution networks carry the gross amount of used energy, first the reation between unitary energy production and gross energy consumption had to be anaysed. If the correation coefficient between these parameters is high enough, it is possibe to base the projection of the network deveopment on the energy produced in power pants., the cacuated correation coefficient is rpee zee 0,994

2 30 It is mean that the trends pee and eec, that is, the production and consumption of eectrica energy are practicay equivaent. The functions presented above were approximated by means of straight ines, matching the rea vaues to a sufficient extent, as the correation coefficients are over R 2 0,85 for a the functions. The correation equations were aso formuated, so that the ine ength can be obtained from the foowing formua L 3,851 pee 2315,6 (1) L (0,8054 pee + 16,279) 10 (2) L (1, 3748 pee 1278, 6) (3) Simiar anaysis was performed for stations feeding the power networks. As in the case of ines, some irreguarities can be seen in the number of stations in the nineties. However, significant correations were obtained, as the coefficient R exceeds the vaue 0,80 for a the functions. The functions determining the number of stations feeding the particuar types of networks are as foows: F 0, 0358 pee 47 (4) F / (0,0452 pee 51,896) 10 (5) F (0, 061 pee 33, 667) 10 3 / (6) Above-exampes used to the quaification of the ength of the ine and the number of stations feeding of network for the year This permitted the remova of comparative research for two states - the year 2007 and Efficiency evauation of the distribution ogistics system The efficiency evauation of the ogistic subsystems provides an additiona vauabe criterion for assessing the ogistic system as a whoe. For the evauation of subsystems, four categories of indicators are used: structura, productivity, cost-effect, and quaity. The structura indicators are associated with the suppy departments, production departments, and distribution departments [1]. The efficiency indicators of the ogistic distribution system can be divided into two groups: quantitative indicators and quaitative indicators. For the evauation of the efficiency of the ogistic system in the eectrica energy distribution the quantitative indicator was used, which was defined in the form of the average ength of distribution ines for every eve of the network. The anaysis were performed for two states: the year 2007 and the year 2015, for the trend TS [2]. In the Tabe 1, the densities of the particuar types of ines and transformer stations are given in reation to the area of Poand. Besides, three parameters characteristic of the ogistic system of eectrica energy distribution are introduced, namey average engths of kv ines, medium-votage ines and ow-votage ines, defined as L F n (7)

3 Advanced Logistic Systems Vo F F L n / / L n is the average ength of a singe kv ine, is the average ength of a singe medium-votage ine, is the average ength of a singe ow-votage ine, n, n, n are the average numbers of inear outputs from the transformer stations feeding kv, medium-votage, and ow-votage networks, for the cacuations it was assumed [3]: n 4, n 10, n 3, F, F /, F / are the numbers of stations feeding the particuar network eves. (8) (9) Tabe 1 Set of data for determining the efficiency of the ogistic system of eectrica energy distribution Source: Prepared by the author Year Parameter , km/km 2 0, ,0633 L L, km/km 2 0,1033 0,1485, km/km 2 0,8902 1,2228 L, km/km 2 1,2469 1,7128 L F, item/km 2 3,006 x ,008 x 10-4 F, item/km 2 4,183 x ,646 x 10-3 / F, item /km 2 0,7018 1,0135 / N, km 85,86 73,03, km 21,28 18,40, km 0,5922 0,4021 The efficiency was evauated on the basis of the distribution network schema presented in Fig.1. The diagram incudes a the votage eves at which eectrica energy is distributed by a company, i.e. kv, medium-, and ow votage. The anaysis of the data from Tabe 1 eads to the concusion that the deveopment of the distribution network proceeds in the right direction. This concusion is supported by the fact that the average ine engths wi be shortened between 2007 and 2015, for a the votage eves. The shortenings, marked "δ", are indexed for the votage eve they refer to. Evauating the two states, the efficiency indicators were determined for the ogistic eectrica energy distribution system. The distribution network suppies energy to consumers at the

4 32 eve of kv type Z A consumers, medium votage type Z B consumers, and ow votage - type Z C consumers. Figure 1 Diagram of the mode distribution network Source: Prepared by the author As evident from Tabe 1, the shortening of distribution ines wi affect a the networks. The data from the tabe were used for creating the foowing quantitative structura indicators for the improvement in the ogistic distribution system of eectrica energy: absoute indicator of improvement in the ogistic distribution system W esdee δ +δ +δ (10) δ is the difference in the ength of kv ines between the year 2015 and 2007, δ is the difference in the ength of medium-votage ines between the year 2015 and 2000, δ is the difference in the ength of ow-votage ines between the year 2015 and reative indicator of improvement in the ogistic distribution system w esdee Wesdee + + sw sw sw is the average ength of the kv ines for the initia state (the year 2007), sw is the average ength of the medium-votage ines for the initia state, sw is the average ength of the ow-votage ines for the initia state. sw partia reative indicator of improvement in the ogistic distribution system for the kv network δ wesdee (12) sw (11)

5 Advanced Logistic Systems Vo partia reative indicator of improvement in the ogistic distribution system for the medium-votage network δ wesdee (13) sw partia reative indicator of improvement in the ogistic distribution system for the ow-votage network, δ wesdee (14) At the initia stage of the anaysis (the year 2007), the consumers fed from the kv network are arranged aong the ine path. On average, the distance from the kv network feed point, i.e. the ength of ine feeding a kv consumer is 85,86 km. The dzee medium- and ow-votage networks are fed from the kv network in the cascade-radia manner, so the maxima ength of energy fows for these network are medium-votage network dzee + (15) is the ength of ine suppying energy to a medium-votage consumer. dzee ow-votage network sw + + (16) dzee is the ength of ine suppying energy to a ow-votage consumer. dzee Beow, the vaues of so determined characteristics are given for the two states of the anaysis: dzee dzee dzee 85,86 km 107,72 km 108,3112 km dzee dzee dzee 73,03 km 91,43km 91,8321 km The vaues of indicators defined in formuas are as foows: Concusion W 16,4791 km esdee w 0,149 w 0,152 esdee esdee w 0,158 esdee w 0,312 esdee The projected changes in the structure of the distribution network, which were evauated from the ogistic viewpoint by means of the efficiency indicators for eectrica energy distribution, are going to affect the ow-votage networks, i.e. the network serving the most consumers, to the greatest extent. The changes wi ead to the improvement in the conditions of eectrica energy suppy. The above-mentioned indicators coud be suppemented with additiona comparative anaysis, which woud be significant from the consumer s viewpoint. The most reiabe

6 34 evauation of the customer services, refecting the customer s satisfaction from the company s operation is provided by quaitative indicators. References [1] NOWICKA-SKOWRON M.: Efektywność systemów ogistycznych, Poskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa 2000 [2] European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030, European Commission, Directorate-Genera for Energy and Transport, Luxembourg: Office for Officia Pubications of the European Communities, 2003 [3] HORAK J.: Straty sieciowe, Seria Monografie nr.8, Częstochowa, Poitechnika Częstochowska, 1989 [4] KOT S., NOWAKOWSKA-GRUNT J.: Power Energy Concerns Operating in Poand. [in:] Proceedings of the IIIrd Internationa Scientific Symposium ELEKTROENERGETIKA Stara Lesna, Sovak Repubic [5] SZKUTNIK J.: Efficiency and quaity in management of energy distribution, The chaenges for reconversion Innovation sustainabiity-knowedgre management, Edited by Piotr Pachura, Institut Superieur Industrie Pierrard HEC du Luxembourg VIRTON, Begium 2006, Depo ega : D/2006/9727/3 [6] SZKUTNIK J.: Efektywność w sektorze energii eektrycznej spojrzenie generane, VI Seminarium Naukowe Wybrane zagadnienia eektrotechniki i eektroniki WZEE`2006, Lubin 2006 [7] SZKUTNIK J.: Benchmarking comparative anaysis used for estimation of effect of management in processes of the distribution of eectrica energy in energy companies, CIRED`2007, Proceedings of 19 th Internationa Conference and Exhibition on ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, Vienna, 2007 [8] SZKUTNIK J.: The management of distribution process in the eectrica power system, VSB- Technica University of Ostrava, Proceedings of 8 th Internationa ScientificConference, Kouty nad Desnou, Czech Repubik, June, 2007 [9] SZKUTNIK J.: The future European eectric power system, Technica University of Kosice, Symposium ELEKTROENERGETIKA 2007, Stara Lesna, 2007 [10] SZKUTNIK J.: Modes of eectrica energy distribution in decision-making process. Interdiscipinary approach to sustainabe deveopment, Edited by Raph Lescroart, Piotr Pachura and Tomasz Nitkiewicz, ISI Pierrard HEC Du Luxemburg, Virton 2007