Research waste incineration, Harlingen - NL

Transcription

1 Research waste incineration, Harlingen - NL Environmental Sampling and Monitoring of POPs IPEN CEE Regional meeting October2017 Prague, CzechRepublic A. Arkenbout ToxicoWatch

2 NGO ToxicoWatch Public awareness on topics of POPs, EDCs and other environmental pollutants Non-Governmental Organization Foundation supported by private parties, people concerned about their environment Scientific research IPEN- member/stockholm Convention

3 Harlingen, North of the Netherlands Situated near theunesco Wadden Sea, mostly agricultural economy and harbor activities

4 State of the art incinerator Dioxinemission0,0 2011: Incinerator REC (Waste to Energy), Harlingen, The Netherlands the best of Europe, according the Minister of Economic Affairs

5 State of the art incinerator, NL Dioxinemission0,0?

6 Local public concern Incinerators 13 incinerators The in Netherlands The Netherlands Local opposition against the incinerator Local authorities didn t know anything about dioxins

7 Mondial Resistance towards incineration China Filipines Italy China

8 Dutch way of protest One issue political party A Breath of Fresh Air But political solution fail Sponsoring research ToxicoWatch

9 ToxicoWatch Research dioxins Industrie/government ToxicoWatch Dioxins: One sample milk, 5 km away from theincinerator.

10 Eggs of backyard chicken as biomarkers of local dioxin/pcb pollution Eggs of backyard chicken as biomarkers Soil Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Biotransformation Xenobiotical metabolism

11 Eggs of backyard chicken DR CALUX > 3,4 1,7 5,7 < 1,7 13,8 pg BEQ/gfat 10,9 8,8 5,0

12 Mapping eggs eggs backyard chicken Wadden Sea DR CALUX > 3,4 pg BEQ /g fat * 1,7 pg BEQ /g fat IncineratorREC * * * < 1,7 pg BEQ /g fat Harlingen * * T Verification by GC-MS * BEQ: Bioanalytical EQuivalents Distance 10 km

13 Media attention Dioxin eggs

14 Flue gas incinerator REC Dioxin emissions according EU-norm 0,1 ng TEQ/Nm3 (1993) License given 0,01 ng TEQ/Nm3 (because modernity) Control only 12 hrs/365 days (0,1 % production time) Only analyses of dioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF) Measurements only under stable combustion conditions Pre-announced visits, no random sampling

15 Long-term sampling flue gas For the first time in the history of the Netherlands a long-term continuous sampling of flue gas in the chimney of the incinerator Analysis of regulated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and also the non-regulated POPs like dioxin-like PCBs, brominated and fluorinated compounds (PBB, PBDE, PBDD, PBDF, PFOA, PFOS) All results publicly accessible

16 Emission of the incinerator 2004: Stockholm Convention Elimination/reduction emissions hazardous pollutants Best Available Techniques (BAT) Byepasses, control of emissions Best Environmental Practise (BEP) One sample of milk, low chimney 2 seconds residence time > / in the after combustion zone How s controlling this? Stockholm police? Dioxin emissions history?

17 Exceeding dioxin emissions A dioxins eruption.. 17 x the permitted TEQ emission limit during failure/start-up UNESCO herity, The WaddenSea Without this long-term sampling, We never would have known, there was An exceeding emissions of dioxins Since 2011 more than 45 times start-ups. Break-down

18 Long-term sampling PCDD/Fs Twoyears long-termsamplingof4 weeks fluegas incinerator SD:Shut-down SU: Start-up Stop: Maintenance A#: Incomplete Amesa 4,00 3,50 3,00 2, hrs Short-term sampling (2 hours) 2,00 Failure 1,50 Permitted emission 1,00 0,50 0,00 SD/SU/A# SD stop SU A# SD/SUSD/SU SU S# stop A# Log Pg TEQ/Nm3-0,50-1,00 Time Byepass

19 Cleaning flue gas After discovering dioxin-eruption Flue gas cleaned Use of byepasses Uncleaned Flue gas Electrostati c precipitator (ESP) Fabricfilter Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) ID-fan Flyash Activated carbon and bicarbonate injection Residue Injection Ammonia Temperature Block diagram flue gas cleaning REC Harlingen

20 After Combustion temperatures Temperatures (calculated!) C C I/2 hour Temperature (end of 2 s residence) Time (one month) in steps of ½ hour Only 15% is Municipal waste Import of waste

21 Municipal waste/hazardous waste

22 Emission of HF > 100 dead sheep

23 POPs emissions by the incinerator Dioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) Furans, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) Dioxin-like PolyChlorinatedBiphenyls PCB) PolyBrominated Dibenzo- Dioxin (PBDD) PolyBrominated Dibenzo- Furans (PBDF) PBDE, PBB PFOA, PFOS PAH (dl- POPs Pg/Nm3 Stable combustion Unstable combustion PCDD PCDF dl-pcb PBDD/F 2 7 PBDE PFOA PBB

24 Conclusions Eggs can be used as biomarkers of pollution of POPs Long-term sampling is needed for flue gas emission control Stockholm Convention rules must be applied Stockholm Convention must be controlled and enforced Transparency in applied temperatures Transparency in input waste Incineration have to be reconsider

25 Thank you for your attention Abel Arkenbout ToxicoWatch Foundation Thankstotheparticipantson thisresearch: prof. Dr. Kim Esbensen, Aalborg University, Danmark, BioDetectionSystems, Amsterdam, EnvironnementSA, Germany, Rikilt, The Netherlands