Rob Kleihorst Philips Healthcare BIU Interventional X Ray Veenpluis PC Best The Netherlands Tel:

Transcription

1 Rob Kleihorst Philips Healthcare BIU Interventional X Ray Veenpluis PC Best The Netherlands Tel: rob.kleihorst@philips.com 1

2 Hospital environment is an extremely complex systems of systems. High costs are caused by unintended EMC & PQ interactions. Cost is not recognized as such by hospital administrators and equipment manufacturers due to lack of root cause analysis and lack of cost accounting to transient phenomena. 2

3 PQ is bad and EMC risk is high in a hospital environment Medical Facility PQ is generally worse than utility and public PQ High density of medical and non medical equipment High mixture of old and new power technologies due to longevity of equipment Many exempts in general and particular standards (medical purpose prevails) Complicated power infrastructure (due to emergency backup legislation) 3

4 Definitions from IEEE 1366: CAIDI = SAIDI/SAIFI = Customer Average Interruption Duration Index SAIDI = CAIDI/N_T = System Average Interruption Duration [time] SAIFI = SAIDI/N_T = System Average Interruption Frequency Index N_T = number of customers served Users and administrators are aware of power interruptions They are aware that cost is associated with interruptions Average cost of interruptions and prevention budget strongly varies per site 4

5 PQ & EMC varies from region to region Large diversity in Installation quality and hospital infrastructure quality and practices 5

6 Recloser events damaging equipment, same holds for rapid on/off switching by user Short events directly induce relatively high cost Number of interruptions and average duration highly varies per region 6

7 Intermitted phenomena like EMC and PQ is not accounted for and is hidden cost. Users, CEOs/CFOs, Manufacturers and Legislation are unaware of the hidden cost PQ and EMC mitigation cost is visible in BoM (manufacturers), Infrastructure (C suite) Mitigation budget goes to legal required backup power and protection of IT critical systems, not to care critical systems 7

8 PQ: No regulatory body address the transitional gap between utility and facility backup power Harmonic distortion exempt, not connected to public mains supply EMC: Conducted emission requirements only for > 150kHz Immunity to Voltage fluctuation & flicker exempt, not connected to public mains supply Immunity to Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations exempt, because rating > 16A Radiated Emission exempts because of medical benefit (e.g. surgical equipment) 8

9 How to make cost associated with EMC & PQ visible? Statistical sound and concrete analysis of hospital environments Component analysis versus PQ en EM logging Comparing sites with and without mitigations How to predict power surges/dips reliably (shortly) before they happen? Based on PQ statistical site data Based on real time multi location PQ analysis Based on local current measurements (e.g. degradation of electronics, increased leakage current, inrush behavior, voltage dip recovery responses) How to maximization of uptime cost effectiveness? PQ mitigating investments (e.g. UPS, flywheel, TVSS, EMI filters, isolation ) Preventive & corrective maintenance approach Wear prediction of power components (e.g. MOV s) Tracking of historical disturbance performance and PQ relations 9

10 Systems work Addressing complexity The multiplicity of technologies and their convergence in many new and emerging markets, particularly those involving large scale infrastructure now demand a top down approach to standardization, starting at the system or system architecture rather than at the product level. System standards are increasingly required in sectors such as environment, safety and health. To prevent conflicting standards (and regulations), it will be necessary to take account of the implied need for increased co operation with many other standards developing organizations, as well as with relevant non standards bodies in the international arena. There will also be implications for the IEC s conformity assessment systems and processes. 10

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