Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands. FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam

Transcription

1 Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands

2 Fuel cell research, major players After a big SOFC project (financed by the ministry of economic affairs till early 2000 s) the fuel cell research focuses mainly on the development of fuel cells for specific applications Major players now ECN (Energy centre Netherlands) strong effort on the development of PEM and SOFC based fuel cells Technical universities of Twente, Delft, Eindhoven Akzo spin-off fuel cell company: Nedstack

3 Fuel cell actors in NL

4 Dutch gas infra-structure

5 Energy Center Netherlands Mission: ECN develops knowledge and technology for sustainable energy applications and brings them to market.

6 Dutch Science policy on fuel cells Fuel cells are seen as a technological rather than a scientific challenge Presently, no government funding for basic science focussed on problems related to fuel cells. Development projects together with industry are funded. These involve ECN and small companies such as Nedstack Estimated H 2 and fuel cell funding 14 Meuro

7 Fuel cell research, major players U Twente has a history on high temperature (>600 o C) oxygen conducting electrolytes, but these seem to be too vulnarable for mobile applications. They now focus on: Micromachined solid acid fuel cells (small!) explore the potential for utilizing solid acids as electrolyte in an innovative design of a fuel cell operating in an intermediate temperature range ( C). TU Delft: focuses on moderate temperature (200 o C) solid acid proton electrolytes (CsHSO 4 ) and tries to identify the ionic transport mechanism using Neutron techniques. Together with ECN both universities are involved in projects developping SOFC s fuel cells running on natural gas

8 PEM consortium ECN, TUe, Nedstack: : Electrodes, HT- electrolytes and PEMFC degradation phenomena Electrode optimization in PEM High-T electrolytes using polymer intrinsic protonic conductors PPO-P3O

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10 HyTruck, first European FC Truck 7.5 ton light-truck truck Range km 16 kw Nedstack FC system 5.8 kg 350 bar H 2 tank Li-ion ion batteries Direct drive

11 50 kw PEM fuel cell power plant on waste hydrogen

12 70 kwe PEMFC canal boat,, end 2008 operational! Consortium: Alewijnse, Integral,, Linde Gas, Marine services North,, Lovers. Capacity 100 passengers

13 Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen Public Private Partnership (Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainability) Minestry of Economic Affairs Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment Dutch Science Foundation Industrial partners Biomass Technology Group (BTG) Energy Centrum the Netherlands (ECN) Gasunie (Dutch Natural Gas Company) NUON (one of the big electricity companies) Shell

14 Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen Budget 18.2 M (Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainabilities) Duration Aim: Develop knowledge and technology to enable the transition to a hydrogen society. Encouraging collaboration between different universities and disciplines Scope: Production, Separation, Storage, Transport and Conversion of Hydrogen Societal, Social, Psychological, Economic and governance aspects of introducing hydrogen in our energy system

15 Goals? Overcome the major obstacles for the introduction of the hydrogen economy Develop the technology for the implementation of the hydrogen economy Improve the Dutch patent position on hydrogen technology

16 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Activities Bi-annual meetings including all aspects of the program and with representatives of the inductrial partners Topical cluster meetings Annual Educational workshop including IP and business creativity issues

17 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Structural analysis RU Nijmegen (Kentgens/Van Bentum): In-situ NMR analysis of hydrogen storage materials Focuses on local structure, kinetics and activation of light-weight storage materials (alanates mainly) TU Delft (H. Zandbergen) Realisation and application of in-situ HRTEM of hydrogen storage materials at 8 bar hydrogen pressure and 200 C. TU Delft (Mulder) Hydrogen storage in catalysed and destabilized light metal hydrides (Neutron studies)

18 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Theory U Twente and RU Nijmegen (De Wijs, Brocks et al) Atomistic modelling of advanced hydrogen storage materials Both Mg-based and light-weight materials U Leiden and Utrecht (GJ Kroes, de Jongh et al) Hydrogen uptake in nanostructured sodium alanate: the role of alanate particle size and of the interaction with carbon.

19 Major conclusion TM-atoms on (001) NaAlH 4 (GJ Kroes,, Leiden). Sc@Na_2AlH 4 : ev Sc@inter_surface: ev Pd@Na_2AlH 4 : ev Pd@inter12_nosym: ev. Like Ti, Sc (Zr) prefers to exchange with a Na atom, pushing out Na (mass transport!) but Pd (Pt) (bad catalyst) prefers to go interstitial.

20 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Nano-structures U Utrecht (de Jongh, Kroes, Dam) Nanostructured hydrogen storage materials with high H 2 equilibrium pressures and fast kinetics Both Mg- and alanate based Addresses nano-structures in both thin films and bulk TU Delft (Peters) Promoted hydrogen storage in nanoporous clathrate hydrate materials with enhanced storage capacity Combined experimental and theoretical study

21 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Thin films TU Eindhoven (Notten, Dam, Kelder): Destabilized, multi-component, Mg-based hydrogen storage materials Focuses on Mg-based batteries Extends the use of hydrogenography to electrochemical hydrogenation VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen) Search for new light-weight hydrogen storage materials using hydrogenography Mg-based, alanates Entropy/Enthalpy correlation Clamping effects

22 The Equilibrium Pressure R. Gremaud et al. Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813

23 The Enthalpy of formation R. Gremaud et al. Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813

24 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Miscellaneous VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen) Hydrogen sensors and safety detectors for the hydrogen economy U Twente (Lefferts, Seshan) Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste

25 H 2 production from biomass Pyrolysis oil as an intermediate energy carrier CO 2 Hydrogen production Fast pyrolysis plant CO 2 Transport of oil Chemicals / industry Fuel cell / Electricity - Catalytic Processes and Materials (B. Matas Güell, K. Seshan, L. Lefferts) - Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass (G. van Rossum, M.F. Bleeker, S.R.A. Kersten, H.J. Veringa, W.P.M. van Swaaij)

26 ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Miscellaneous VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen) Hydrogen sensors and safety detectors for the hydrogen economy U Twente (Lefferts) Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste U Utrecht (Röckman) A future hydrogen economy - A survey of possible effects on urban air quality, atmospheric chemistry and climate

27 Effects of a Hydrogen Economy on the atmosphere

28 Acknowledgements Frank de Bruijn, ECN Geert-Jan Kroes, Leiden University Fokko Mulder, Technical University Delft