Waterbackpack PAUL Disaster Relief and Permanent Supply in rural areas

Transcription

1 Waterbackpack PAUL Disaster Relief and Permanent Supply in rural areas AQUA AWARD 2017 AQUANET BERLIN BRANDENBURG Montreux/CH, 29./ Slide 1 GreenTec Awards WINNER 2016 Water & Sewage Franz-Bernd Frechen, IWA Fellow Chair, IWA Specialist Group Membrane Technology Chair, DWA Committee on Membrane Bioreactors Winner 2011 in the category society

2 how it all began Membranes are able to retain bacteria. So why not use membranes to retain bacteria and pathogens, the most serious concern in disasters? In disasters, cities are aided with large mobile waterworks Rural areas, however, in most cases only receive chlorine tablets or are even fobbed off totally. The original task of our research, starting in 2001, was to create a small unit that provides potable water in emergencies, characterized by No energy needed No chemicals needed Simple & robust No or nearly no maintenance needed Operational even for illiterates Lightweight and easily transportable, even hands-free as a backpack Designed to help in emergencies and disasters The result was the waterbackpack PAUL Slide 2

3 Disasters: e.g. Pakistan, flooding, July 2010 Slide 3

4 WaterBackpack PAUL designed by DESEE: Slide 4 starting 2001, at DESEE we designed the WaterBackpack PAUL, a small membrane ultrafiltration (UF) unit membr. area 9.5 m², 150 kda 1,200 L/d (1.2 tons) for 400 people in emergency and 60 people as permanent supply weight: 20 kg, 0.4 x 0.4 x1.1 m No chemicals, no electricity, operates with gravity can be operated even by illiterates no maintenance during emergencies 6 or 12 on one Euro-Palette lifetime 10 years permanent supply 0.80 m max.

5 operation principles PAUL dead end filtration ultra low pressure: 0.00 to 0.08 bar (0.04 typical) 9.5 m² membrane surface area, lifetime 10+ years nominal flux 5 LMH, nominal yield 1,200 L/d, measurements of units in practical operation range from 2 to 6 m³/d We called it the Ultra Low Pressure UF process (ULP-UF process) Slide 5

6 filtration is mostly done by the cake layer raw water cake layer (filtration active) filtrate 1 /1 000 of the diameter of a human hair (MWCO 150 kdalton) Solids (organic, anorganic, bacteria, pathogens, ) Slide 6 membrane typical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0.020 to µm)

7 removal of bacteria, example cholera wikipedia Slide 7 cholera bacteria diameter 300 to 500 nm, length nm ( 2 µm) membrane typical pore width 20 to 100 nm (0.020 to µm)

8 bacteria removal Log-Reduction-Value LRV Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius e.coli coliforme I.E. e.coli coliforme I.E. ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO PAUL A PAUL A PAUL A PAUL B PAUL B PAUL B Min min 5,301 5,368 4,444 5,672 5,929 5,041 Mittel avg 5,689 5,704 5,092 6,013 6,144 5,245 Max max 6,362 6,415 5,568 6,380 6,431 5,544 analyzed by Institut Fresenius, Göttingen Slide 8

9 virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA) added virusses human adenovirusses analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau Slide 9

10 virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA) total amount filtered in m³ feed: drinking water analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau Slide 10

11 result... Slide 11

12 Distribution DR Congo: 28 Comoros: 13 Colombia: 39 Kenya/Somalia: 31 Kenya: 16 Cameroon: 10 Cambodia: 7 Indonesia: 12 India: 31 Haiti: 187 Malawi: 22 stock HDL: 59 Kuwait: 3 Madagascar: 12 Malaysia: 4 Mexico: 3 Mali: 5 Mongolia: 13 Mozambique: 3 Myanmar: 203 Namibia: 1 Nepal: 320 2,475 PAUL as of Pakistan: 266 Niger: 11 Nigeria: 5 offshore/ship: 6 Slide 12 Germany: 1 Guinea: 1 Guatemala: 1 United Kingdom: 2 Gambia: 26 France: 1 Eritrea: 7 Ecuador: 26 Dom. Rep.: 1 China: 5 Chile: 2 Bulgaria: 1 Ghana: 148 Bolivia: 1 Bénin: 13 Egypt: 6 unknown: 112 Afghanistan: 14 Central African Republic: 2 Vietnam: 152 Venezuela: 10 Uganda: 22 Hungary: 3 Turkey/Syria: 8 Togo: 2 Tanzania: 18 South Sudan: 15 Swaziland: 1 Taiwan: 2 Sambia: 1 Russia: 1 Romania: 1 Switzerland: 1 Senegal: 1 Sierra Leone: 4 Zimbabwe: 1 Somalia: 11 Spain: 1 St. Lucia: 2 Sudan: 6

13 From PAUL (disaster) to PAUL Station (permanent supply) PAUL (assembled in Kassel Disabled Workshop) has a lifetime of 10+ years Thus, today, PAUL is used in two situations (maybe also consecutive): first aid in emergencies. This was the original purpose PAUL was developed for, and PAUL still is a perfect tool for this purpose. permanent water supply: as PAUL has such a long, and as all those who went into emergencies were left onsite, we decided to pay additional attention to its use as a permanent decentralized source of water. Slide 13

14 usage for permanent supply Slide 14

15 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Slide 15 Quelle:

16 Facts and figures 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people are still without 80% of them live in rural areas At least 1.8 billion This people means: globally 287,000 use a source people of drinking everywater day since that is 1990 fecally! contaminated Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improved drinking water source has increased from 76 per cent to 91 per cent But water scarcity affects more than 40 per cent of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrines More than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrhoeal diseases Hydropower is the most important and widely-used renewable source of energy and as of 2011, represented 16 per cent of total electricity production worldwide Approximately 70 per cent of all water abstracted from rivers, lakes and aquifers is used for irrigation Floods and other water-related disasters account for 70 per cent of all deaths related to natural disasters Slide 16 Quelle:

17 Facts and figures 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people are still without 80% of them live in rural areas At least 1.8 billion people globally use a source of drinking water that is fecally contaminated Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improved drinking water source has increased from 76 per cent to 91 per cent But water scarcity affects more than 40 per cent of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrines More than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrhoeal diseases Hydropower is the most important and widely-used renewable source of energy and as of 2011, represented 16 per cent of total electricity production worldwide Approximately 70 per cent and of affordable all water abstracted drinking from water rivers, for lakes all and aquifers is used for irrigation This means: 340,000 people every day until 2030! Floods and other water-related disasters account for 70 per cent of all deaths related to natural disasters SDGoal 6 demands: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe Slide 17 Quelle:

18 PAUL as permanent water supply top view side view front valve closed valve open sieve with valve incl. float, Slide 18

19 PAUL Station as permanent water supply Slide 19

20 PAUL Station as permanent water supply Slide 20

21 PAUL Station as permanent water supply Raw water supply Raw water supply can preferably be done with a solar powered pump. Instead of using expensive electronics and batteries for electricity storage, energy is stored by pumping water during daylight. The 12V DC pump is directly coupled to the solar panel. Slide 21

22 PAUL Station as permanent water supply Raw water supply Raw water supply can preferably be done with a solar powered pump. Instead of using expensive electronics and batteries for electricity storage, energy is stored by pumping water during daylight. The 12V DC pump is directly coupled to the solar panel. Slide 22

23 Ghana permanent supply Slide 23

24 Ghana permanent supply Slide 24

25 Colombia permanent supply La Guajira Cundinamarca Nariño Jagüey Einsatzort E.coli [KbE/100ml] Trübung [NTU] Färbung [Pt/Co] Rohwasser PAUL Rohwasser PAUL Rohwasser PAUL C/marca ,90 0, Cauca ,83 0, La Guajira ,70 0, Nariño ,40 0, Slide 25

26 Nepal permanent supply Slide 26

27 India permanent supply Slide 27

28 India permanent supply Slide 28

29 India permanent supply Slide 29

30 India permanent supply Slide 30

31 India permanent supply Slide 31

32 some additional but very important facts PAUL is assembled at Kassel Disabled Workshop No spare parts import necessary, as no cartridges etc. must be replaced on a regular basis No waste of resources concerning firewood, as boiling the water for disinfection is not necessary anymore Plastic waste minimization, as water will no longer be supplied in plastic bottles Dramatically reduced cases of illness, thus less cost due to illness less cost due to inability to work less absence from school = improved educational opportunities Local added value by creation of employment as plant manufacturer/water vendor/plant operator/maintenance worker perfect for micro financing real SUSTAINABILITY Slide 32

33 PAUL Station expenses estimated Slide 33 External cost (to be paid only once) PAUL Station Kit (includes PAUL unit, PCU, SV, V, OPS, PS, freshwater meter and installation material): 1,300 * Transportation (ship/plane?): 200 1,500 Local cost (build & operate 10 years) Customs depending upon country: 300 Build up PAUL Station: 600 incl. local transport, RWT, FWT, stands for RWT, FWT & PAUL, hoses and parts, construction, pump, painting, start-up, wages, instructions for usage maintenance for 10 years 600 1,500 Total cost (10 years): 3,000 (50% local) * Only valid for humanitarian usage!

34 PAUL Station revenue and profit Payback time 60 families, paying 2 /mon/family Lifetime revenue 60 x 2 x 12 x10 = 14,400 Lifetime profit 14,400-3,000 = 11,400 Payback time = 2.6 years Water price Min. lifetime production: 1,200 L/d x 365 d x 10 a = 4,380,000 L Results in a price of /L Currently (Sept. 2016), one 20 L water can at the Tamil Nadu coastline (India) costs 30 Rs: 1.5 Rs/Liter = /L (more than 6 times more) Slide 34

35 Remark on field inspections of PAUL in practice, the daily flow is far beyond our design value of 1,200 L/d, mostly in the range between 1,900 L/d and 5,400 L/d) Measured 19 Sept. 16 in Puthanthurai: 2,500 L/day Measured 20 Sept. 16 in Pallam: >6,000 L/day Liter filtered per day Slide 35

36 Vietnam: high tech tried... nowadays not in use!! Slide 36

37 This filter is cheaper (only 20 )... or?? Slide 37

38 This filter is cheaper (only 20 )... or?? 1 year lifetime 20 per Filter In order to replace 1 PAUL: units (to provide 1,200 L/d) units (for 10 years) That s an invest of 6,000 to 12,000 PAUL: only 3,000 incl. maintenace, tanks, pump, solar panel and maintenance all in all for 10 years (see also slide 36) Slide 38

39 Cost permanent water supply price of water in per m³ Basis for PAUL calculation: Water produced : 1,200 Liter/day Unit price (excl. VAT): 1,000 add. cost (transport, tax etc) 600 cost per maintenance: 30 maint. interval: 200 m³ filtered (at least once per year) as of Sept ,52 0,88 1,74 1,78 2,50 4,45 4,45 5,83 5,86 6,66 7,11 9,38 17,68 17,95 Note: Only with PAUL, maintenance, tax, shipping is included! All other prices do NOT include spare parts, maintenance, taxes, shipping costs! Dotted columns indicate ONLY price of replacement cartridges (device as such is not included!) Lifesaver: In addition, the price of activated carbon cartridges is NOT included (this would triple the price per m³) Slide 39

40 The essential message: Local people can earn their living by providing water to the community! Slide 40

41 see also cloud: Winner 2011 in the category society AQUA AWARD 2017 AQUANET BERLIN BRANDENBURG Slide 41 Humanity Care Foundation GreenTec Awards WINNER 2016 Water & Sewage