长期不同施肥下小麦离子吸收对土壤酸化贡献能力的比较

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1 土壤 (Soils), 2017, 49(1): 7 12 DOI: /j.cnki.tr 长期不同施肥下小麦离子吸收对土壤酸化贡献能力的比较 1, * (1 ( ) ) 25 ph (M)> (NPKM)> (PK)> (NPK)> (CK)> (NP)> (NK) ph ph ph S154.4 A Guo [1] ph [2] ( ) H + 20 ~ 221 kmol/hm 2 H + 15 ~ 20 kmol/hm 2 [3] [4] (973 ) (2014CB441000) (XDB ) * (rfshen@issas.ac.cn) (1990 ) wfsong@issas.ac.cn

2 ( E N) ph g/kg 1.07 g/kg 0.52 g/kg 1.37 g/kg 79.0 mg/kg 13.9 mg/kg 7 (CK) (NP) (NK) (PK) (NPK) (M) (NPKM) 196 m 2 N 300 kg/hm 2 P 2 O kg/hm 2 K 2 O 120 kg/hm 2 70% 30% ( N 460 g/kg) ( P 2 O g/kg) ( K 2 O 600 g/kg) ( N 16.7 g/kg) NPKM cm 80 cm 3 0 ~ 20 cm min 65 (Ca) (Mg) (Na) (K) (S) ICP (P) [5] (Cl) [6] 2 mm ph [7] [8] [5] H + =(Ca+Mg+K+Na) (Cl+P+S) [9] P S ΣH + =m H + (m ) Excel 2007 Sigmaplot 13.0 SPSS 20 Duncan P= 0.05 Pearson ( ) ph CK (NP NK NPK ) ph [10 12] PK ph (M) (NPKM) ph ph [13 14] ( 1) 表 1 长期不同施肥处理下土壤基本理化性质 Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soils under long-term different fertilization treatments ph (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) CK 5.47 ± 0.06 b d 2.0 ± 0.2 c 57.2 ± 1.6 e NP 4.01 ± 0.05 d ± 11.4 b ± 30.1 b 56.3 ± 5.6 e NK 3.82 ± 0.02 e ± 11.4 b 1.9 ± 0.2 c ± 10.0 c PK 5.16 ± 0.14 c 84.6 ± 4.3 c 84.3 ± 12.6 b ± 8.5 b NPK 4.11 ± 0.06 d ± 8.6 b ± 5.3 b ± 1.6 d M 6.41 ± 0.40 a ± 11.4 a ± 1.1 a ± 32.0 c NPKM 5.99 ± 0.08 a ± 7.5 a ± 44.4 a ± 28.2 a P<0.05

3 1 9 M PK M NPKM (CK NP NK PK NPK) 2.2 ph 2 CK (NP NK NPK ) (M NPKM) PK CK NK NP NK CK NPK CK NPK (M NPKM) PK M NPKM 表 2 长期不同施肥处理下的小麦生长情况 Table 2 Growth properties of wheats under long-term different fertilization treatments (m 2 ) / (g/ ) (kg/hm 2 ) CK ± 12 c 1.85 ± 0.22 b ± 472 e NP ± 5 d 2.28 ± 0.17 b ± 183 e NK ± 18 d 0.16 ± 0.02 c 186 ± 25 f PK ± 5 b 3.42 ± 0.48 a ± 1392 c NPK ± 20 c 3.21 ± 1.04 a ± d M ± 28 a 3.80 ± 0.18 a ± 759 a NPKM ± 19 a 3.12 ± 0.32 a ± b 2.3 ( ) ( ) 3 CK NP PK (H + ) ( 3) NP PK NPK CK NK CK (M NPKM) 表 3 单位质量小麦地上部阴阳离子含量和净质子产生量 Table 3 Ion contents in shoot and net proton production of wheat with unit mass (cmol/kg) Σ (cmol/kg) Σ H + (cmol/kg) (cmol/kg) (cmol/kg) CK 3.70 ± ± ± ± ± 1.66 c 3.63 ± ± ± ± 0.55 e ± 1.12 ab NP 5.19 ± ± ± ± ± 2.04 c 6.38 ± ± ± ± 3.36 d 9.79 ± 1.40 c NK 3.76 ± ± ± ± ± 5.47 b 5.88 ± ± ± ± 1.08 cd ± 4.80 ab PK 2.93 ± ± ± ± ± 3.63 c 3.53 ± ± ± ± 3.13 cd ± 0.70 c NPK 3.63 ± ± ± ± ± 1.63 b 5.96 ± ± ± ± 2.17 bc ± 1.38 bc M 4.60 ± ± ± ± ± 6.11 a 4.87 ± ± ± ± 1.51 b ± 6.29 a NPKM 4.77 ± ± ± ± ± 3.63 a 5.40 ± ± ± ± 4.40 a ± 4.12 a 1 M>NPKM>PK>NPK>CK>NP>NK (M NPKM) PK NPK NP NK

4 10 49 图 1 单位面积土壤中小麦总质子产生量 Fig. 1 Total proton production of wheat per unit area (H + ) (ΣH + ) ph (P<0.01) (P<0.05) ph (P<0.05) ph 表 4 单位土壤面积上小麦总质子产生量与土壤理化因子和小麦生物量之间的相关性 Table 4 Correlations between total proton yield and soil physico-chemical factors and wheat biomass H + ΣH + ph * ** * * * ** H ** * P<0.05 ** P< Barak [12] 25 (NP NK NPK) PK 25 (PK ) ph 0.31 ph [15] [16] ph [17 18] ph [19] cmol/kg M NPKM t/hm t/hm kmol/hm kmol/hm kmol/hm kmol/hm 2

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6 12 49 [18] Hue N V. Correcting soil acidity of a highly weathered Ultisol with chicken manure and sewage-sludge[j]. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1992, 23(3/4): [19],,,.., 2012, 18(5): [20] Kochian L V, Hoekenga O A, Pineros M A. How do crop tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorus efficiency[j]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2004, 55: [21] Raghothama K G, Karthikeyan A S. Phosphate acquisition [J]. Plant and Soil, 2005, 274(1 2): [22],,,. [J]., 2001, 32(5): Comparison of Contribution of Wheat Ionic Uptake to Soil Acidification Under Long-term Different Fertilization SONG Wenfeng 1,3, WANG Chao 1, CHEN Rongfu 1, WEN Shilin 2, WANG Boren 2, SHEN Renfang 1* (1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing , China; 2 Red Soil Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang, Hunan , China; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) Abstract: The long-term unreasonable fertilization leads to serious soil acidification in agricultural production. In addition to nitrification and nitrate leaching, the uptake of cations by plants is also an important source of soil acidity. In this study, the effects of long-term different fertilization on the absorption of anion and cation in wheat were studied at the long-term location experiment field of the Red Soil Experimental Station in Qiyang, Hunan Province, which has a history of 25 years. The results showed that long-term application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased soil ph and affected the biomass of wheat. On the contrary, organic fertilizer could alleviate the acidification process of soil and increase the biomass of wheat. The order of the total amounts of proton produced by wheat in the unit soil area which is considered as potential acidification ability of plant was M>NPKM>PK>NPK>CK>NP>NK. There was a significant positive correlation between total amount of proton and total biomass of wheat. In addition, soil ph and available phosphorus content were the main factors affecting wheat shoot biomass. Therefore, in the long-term fertilization of farmland soil, the contribution of crops to soil acidification decreased along with the acidification process, and the main reason was that soil ph and effective phosphorus reduction limited the crop biomass. Key words: Soil acidification; Long-term fertilization; Acidification ability of plant; Ion uptake