OPORTUNITIES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AT AIRPORTS II Aviation Noise And Emissions Workshop ANEW 2014 Brasília/DF, Brazil October. 17.

Transcription

1 OPORTUNITIES FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AT AIRPORTS II Aviation Noise And Emissions Workshop ANEW 2014 Brasília/DF, Brazil October ARTHUR NEIVA FERNANDES

2 Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Infraero 1.2 Brazilian Air Quality Regulation Historic 1.3 Local Air Quality (LAQ) 1.4 What are the drivers? 1.5 Emissions Inventories and Dispersion Modeling 2. Infraero`s Emissions Program 3. Reduction strategies 4. Final Considerations

3 1. Introduction 1.1 Infraro Airports Public airport operator, founded in 1972 to provide infrastructure and airport services as well as aerial navigation; Headquarters in Brasília and regional offices in all states of the country; Employs approximately people; Manages 61 airports, 72 stations providing telecommunications and air traffic services, and 28 Cargo Logistics Terminals; In 2013, its airports recorded million landings and takeoffs and operated thousand tons of cargo.

4 1. Introduction 1.2 Brazilian Air Quality Regulation Historic Environmental National Policy Law 6.938/81 National Environment Council (CONAMA) Resolutions Nº 005/1989 and 003/1990 Standards for the following pollutants Total Suspended Particles (TSP); Smoke; Inhalable Particles; Sulfur Dixiode (SO 2 ); Carbon Monoxide (CO); Ozone (O 3 ); Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ). NATIONAL AIR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM - PRONAR Establishment of air quality standards, sampling methods, and quality levels.

5 1. Introduction 1.3 Local Air Quality Increasing amount of residential development surrounding airports and continued growth of commercial air travel; Air pollution surrounding airports has become a significant concern for local/ regional governments; LAQ concerns concentrate on effects created during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycle as these emissions are released below 3,000 feet (915 meters) and releases from airport sources (such as airport traffic and ground service equipment); Limit or reduce the impact of aircraft engine emissions on local air quality (One of ICAO s Environmental Protection Strategic Objectives)

6 1. Introduction 1.4 What are the drivers? Voluntary or regulatory drivers National or international standards Requirements for stakeholders Identify the domestic regulation for emissions at airports; Identify the key stakeholders (commercial, social and environmental drivers); Identify vision or willingness of company Environmental requirements from environmental licensing process (Regional Environmental Protection Agencies)

7 1. Introduction 1.5 Emissions inventory and Dispersion Modelling Emissions Inventories gives the total mass of emissions released into the environment; Provides a basis for reporting, compliance, and mitigation planning; Emissions inventory objectives can include: Collecting information on emissions; Benchmarking emissions against legal requirements; Creating input data for dispersion models; Establishing mitigation programme baselines. ICAO Doc Airport Air Quality Manual, 2011 Advanced approach Sophisticated approach

8 2. Infraero`s Emissions Program Objetives: Cooperate with global policies to reduce emissions; Attend the Infraero Strategic Planning in search of Sustainable Development; Adding value to airport services; and Attend the environmental requirements from environmental licensing process on controlling and reducing airport related emissions. Main Studies: - Action Plan for Reduce Emissions at Airports (Rio de Janeiro Intl Airport Galeão), Air Quality Monitoring at Guarulhos International Airport, Confins/MG Airport - Greenhouse Gases Inventory, Estimation of Atmosphere Pollutants Emissions at São Paulo - Guarulhos Intl Airport, Fortaleza Pinto Martins Intl Airport Emissions Inventory, 2013* (EDMS) - Congonhas São Paulo Airport GEE Emissions Inventory,2014

9 2. Infraero`s Emissions Program Action Plan Improvement of Airport Emissions Inventories using FAA`s Emissions and Dispersion Modelling System (EDMS) (with adjustments); Run dispersion model (AERMOD, bi-gaussian model); Provide technical training for staff involved (Control Quality); Promote integration within airport stakeholders (technical meetings, workshops, conscientization campaigns, CEM protocol); Inform and detail the work methodology to regional Environmental Protection Agencies Implement reduction strategies (FEGP, LED, eletric veichles )

10 3. Reduction strategies Financial Considerations Estimated capital costs Estimated operation and maintenance costs Estimated payback period Environmental benefits Implementation Considerations Implementation timeframe Maturity of the reduction strategy Airport control Potential Impacts Emissions reduction potential Impacts to natural resources Impacts to the built environment Impacts to regulatory compliance Economic reasonableness Technical feasibility

11 3. Reduction strategies Airports Strategies Singapure -Roof Design -Sunshades -Recycling Equipment -Waste Management System London Heathrow Airport -Energy Piles -High Efficiency Pump Schiphol Amsterdan Airport -ECO 2 Parking Scheme -Eletric Powered Transport

12 3. Reduction strategies Airports Strategies Incheon Airport (Seoul, Korea) - 247kW Photovoltaic site; - Air Craft Ground Supply 104 units in operation; - Magnetic Levitation Train (6.1km); - 2 Hydrogen Fuel Cells Buses; - Integrated waste management site inside airport - Bike-only road (18.4km) Links Airport to the new city

13 3. Reduction strategies Congonhas Airport - São Paulo Use of FEGP (Fixed Eletric Ground Power) and air conditioning generated by the airport - 400Hz and PC-Air. (Strategic Project) Reducing the carbon emissions, the aircraft noise and the fuel consumption; After one year testing period, Infraero is currently modeling the commercial exploration model; Operation in 2016 due to construction of the new Airport Electric Power Substation; Studies for implement FEGP in other airports.

14 3. Reduction strategies Belém/PA Airport São Luís/MA Airport Macapá/AP Airport Installation of new LED luminaries in Totems of the Passenger Terminal, parking, loading and unloading rooms and ground lighting towers. Congonhas Airport - São Paulo The photovoltaic system installed has total power of 2.16 kilowatts (Feed AC power plugs and lamps).

15 3. Reduction strategies Santos Dumont Airport Rio de Janeiro. Eletric Buses (testing) Taxiway lights LED lamps

16 3. Reduction strategies Afonso Pena Intl Airport Curitiba Santos Dumont Airport Rio de Janeiro Eletric taxis Salgado Filho Intl Airport Porto Alegre Cargo Terminal new electric forklifts

17 3. Reduction strategies Environmental Requirements for new airport constructions Construction Environmental Control Plan - Mandatory document for the contractor to work 1 - Architecture and Urbanism 2 - Water Resources 3 - Electromechanical Systems 4 - Air conditioning 5 - Electrical Systems 6 - Environmental Systems 7 - Paving Sustainable Logistic Plan for public purchases - Environmental efficiency criteria for public purchases

18 3. Reduction strategies Strategies to improve/seek Airfield Design and Operations -Provide Infrastructure for Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) and Ground Power -Minimize the Use of Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) -Implement Emission-based Incentives and Landing Fees Alternative Fuels for Aircraft -Support Single/Reduced Engine Taxiing Construction -Recycle and Reuse Construction and Demolition Materials Renewable Energy (on-site) -Install Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Panels - Install Building-mounted or Ground-mounted Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Panels

19 4. Final considerations Existing reduction strategies are still incipient but indicate progress and the path to be chased by the company; Efforts are needed for integration and commitment among stakeholders to enable some reduction measures and define responsibilities regarding legislation issues; Need for advances in legislation and in the environmental licensing process (regulation by the sector?); Some reduction strategies will induce improvements in other airports; Need for continuous technical improvement of the team, seeking to improve the studies and the accuracy of results as well.

20 ARTHUR NEIVA FERNANDES Environmental Engineer (61)