ZEMedS ds: Case studies

Transcription

1 ZEMedS: Case studies

2 Case study: Don Milani Primary School, San Miniato, Italy The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. November 215

3 General data 3 Name of the School Type of school Don Milani iprimary School Pi Primary school Number of pupils Owner 125 public Location Municipality of San Miniato, Italy 1982 Year of construction

4 General data Don Milanii Pi Primary Sh School, lmunicipality ii of fsan Miniato, i Italy 4 Building typology Heated area (m 2 ) 1 floor building 1264 m 2 Site Urban Plain Heating degree days (base 18): 1513 Cooling degree days (base 26): 28

5 Current Situation 5 Renovation needs Presence of humidity on the walls; Air handling unit not functioning; need to optimize the heating plant and building envelope. The building has thermal insulation required under the laws in force in the years of construction (not suitable for the current regulation). Building use Schedule for Primary school: Monday:8: to 19:, Tuesday till Friday: 8: to 15:, from 9th of September till 7th of June Utilization rate Building surroundings 15% (low use), 16 school days, 8 hours per day Urban dense are with low height surroundings. Limited greenery

6 Current Situation Don Milanii Pi Primary Sh School, Municipality ii of fsan Miniato, i Italy 6 Building envelope: Walls Brick Wall U = 1.6 W/m².K Building envelope: Roof Roof with rock wool and corrugated steel roofing sheets U =.5 W/m².K W/m².K Building envelope: Windows Double glazed windows 4/6/4 with aluminum frames without thermal break Ug = 2.8 W/m².K, Uf = 4 W/m².K Building envelope: Groundfloor Ground floor consists of expanded clay aggregate U = 1.7 W/m².K

7 Current Situation 7 Airtightness: No measurements (poor performance) Heating/Cooling: Boiler 144 kw (methane), fancoil and radiators Ventilation: The ventilation system exists it but not working Ventilation by opening windows (classrooms) Lighting: Mainly, fluorescent tubes. Controlled by users Appliances: Office equipment in teachers offices, computers in some classrooms DHW: 2 electric heaters of 2.5 kw, 5 l Cooking: No cooking, catering service (microwave, oven in kitchen) Current final energy consumption kwh/m 2 conditioned area (from invoice information, metering etc.): *121 kwh/m² y for heating *15 kwh/m² y for electricity services *Total =136 kwh/m² per year

8 Current Situation 8

9 Current Situation 9 Health & Comfort Summer comfort: Interior air quality: No studies carried out about indoor quality. No problems observed. Air change is manual and related to user choices about the window opening Visual comfort: Running cost: Energy: no data available Water: no data available Maintenance: no data available

10 1 Design approach: Deep renovation towards ZEMedS nzeb Schools requeriments. ZEMedS Goals: Requeriment 1: C PE Prod RES Primary energy consumption yearly (heating, cooling, ventillation, DHW and lighting) is produced by local renewable energies. Requeriment 2: C FE 25kWh/m2y FE consumption yearly (heating, cooling, ventillation and lighting) per conditioned area Requeriment 3: Indoor air quality guaranteed (CO 2 1 ppm) and temperature above 28ºC 4 hours yearly during occupancy National factors for conversion in energy and CO 2 have been taken into account (data 214). Methodology in energy simulations: Steps considered: First step: 3 proposals (variant A, B and C) in envelope renovation: from less insulated to more insulated Second step: 2 proposals for each variant: Renovation in lighting gsystem Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of natural ventilation Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of mechanical ventilation without heat recovery Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery

11 11 First step: 3 proposals (variant A, B and C) in envelope renovation: from less insulated to more insulated. Variant A Variant B Variant C Step 1 Uwindows and exterior doors Solar protection Interior Curtains Uroof Uwall Replacement of existing single glazing for: Variant A: low e double glazing, 16mm(air) and aluminum frame (with thermal break). Ug=1.6 Uf= 2.2 Variant B: low e double glazing, 16mm(argon) and aluminum frame (with thermal break). Ug=1.3 Uf= 2.2 Variant C: low e double glazing, 16mm(argon) and aluminum frame (with thermal break). Ug=1.3 Uf= 2.2 Variant A: 3cm roof tiles with cool material coating and 4cm EPS attached Variant B: 3cm roof tiles with cool material coating and 7cm EPS attached Variant C 3cm roof tiles with cool material coating and 14cm EPS attached Variant A: External wall insulation 6cm EPS & plaster with cool coating Variant B: External wall insulation 1cm EPS & plaster with cool coating Variant tc: External wall llinsulation 14cm EPS & plaster with cool coating Ugroundfloor current

12 12 Second step: 2 proposals for each variant A, B and C: Step 2: Renovation in lighting system Step 2.1: Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of natural ventilation Step 2.2: Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of mechanical ventilation without heat recovery Step 2.3: Renovation in lighting system, heating and DHW system + installation of PV system+use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery Step 2 Lighting led lamps efficiency 66lm/W Step 2.1 Natural Ventilation Windows open scenario (,8 m3/sec/person) Heating system Gas condensing boiler (efficiency 1.5) Cooling system no cooling system PV system stem 29 kwp / 157m 2 PV panels Step 2.2 Mechanical Ventilation Ventilation systems without heat recovery (control when occupancy) 6.5 l/s person Heating system Gas condensing boiler (efficiency 1.5) Cooling system no cooling system PV system 33 kwp / 178m 2 PV panels Step 2.3 Mechanical Ventilation Ventilation systems with heat recovery (control when occupancy) 6.5 l/s person, 7% heat recovery Heating system Gas condensing boiler (efficiency 1.5) Cooling system no cooling system PV system 28 kwp / 151m 2 PV panels

13 ITC EINSTEIN High School, Municipality of Loreto, Italy 13 Italian Regulation:

14 14 VARIANT A FINAL ENERGY: kwh/m Total ZEMedS Heating, cooling & ventilation Lighting 2 ZEMedS requirements (heating, cooling, vent. & lighting) National Regulation Variant A & natural ventilation & lighting Variant A & MV without heat recovery & lighting Variant A & MV with heat recovery & lighting Variant A & natural ventilation & lighting : 52 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Ventilatio n; Heating; 49 Cooling; Variant A & MV without heat recovery & lighting : 61 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 57 Ventilatio n; Cooling; Variant A & MV with heat recovery & lighting : 52 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 48 Ventilatio n; Cooling; PRIMARY ENERGY: 2 Primary energy of existing building kwhpe/m².y (heating, 154 lighting, DHW, appliances) data from bills Existing building step 1 step step 2.1 & step & 34 6 step & natural mechanical vent. HRMV ventilation without heat recovery 62 Primary Energy for non renewable energy kwhpe/m².y (heating, ventilation, lighting and DHW) (data from simulation) Primary Energy predicted by RES kwh/m2 y (from simulation) Predicted RES production Primary energy in kwhpe/m².y

15 15 VARIANT B FINAL ENERGY: kwh/m2 14 ZEMedS requirements (heating, cooling, vent. & lighting) 12 1 National Regulation Total ZEMedS Heating, cooling & ventilation Lighting 2 Variant B & natural ventilation & lighting Variant B & MV without heat recovery & lighting Variant B & MV with heat recovery & lighting Variant B & natural ventilation & lighting : 52 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Ventilatio n; Variant B & MV without heat recovery & lighting : 6 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 49 Cooling; Heating; 57 Ventilatio n; Cooling; Variant B & MV with heat recovery & lighting : 51 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 47 Ventilatio n; Cooling; PRIMARY ENERGY: 2 Primary energy of existing building kwhpe/m².y (heating, 154 lighting, DHW, appliances) data from bills Existing building step 1 step 2 step 2.1 & step 2.2 & step 2.3 & natural mechanical vent. HRMV ventilation without heat recovery 61 Primary Energy for non renewable energy kwhpe/m².y (heating, ventilation, lighting and DHW) (data from simulation) Primary Energy predicted by RES kwh/m2 y (from simulation) Predicted RES production Primary energy in kwhpe/m².y

16 16 VARIANT C FINAL ENERGY: kwh/m2 14 ZEMedS requirements (heating, cooling, vent. & lighting) 12 1 National Regulation Total ZEMedS Heating, cooling & ventilation Lighting 2 Variant C & natural ventilation & lighting Variant C & MV without heat recovery & lighting Variant C & MV with heat recovery & lighting Variant C & natural ventilation & lighting : 52 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 48 Ventilatio n; Cooling; Variant C & MV without heat recovery & lighting : 6 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Ventilatio n; Heating; 57 Cooling; Variant C & MV with heat recovery & lighting : 49 kwh/m² in final energy Lighting; 2 Heating; 46 Ventilatio n; Cooling; PRIMARY ENERGY: 2 Primary energy of existing building kwhpe/m².y (heating, 154 lighting, DHW, appliances) data from bills Existing building step 1 step 2 step 2.1 & step 2.2 & step 2.3 & natural mechanical vent. HRMV ventilation without heat recovery Primary Energy for non renewable energy kwhpe/m².y (heating, ventilation, lighting and DHW) (data from simulation) Primary Energy predicted by RES kwh/m2 y (from simulation) Predicted RES production Primary energy in kwhpe/m².y

17 17 Global cost and paybacks for renovation scenarios: Calculations based on: Average yearly increase in natural gas price*: 3.9 % (data from to ) Average yearly increase in electricity price**: 2.5 % (data from 23 to 214) Overall cost of gas: 11,65 /year (supposed data, no available from invoice information) Overall cost of electricity: 5,28 /year (supposed data, no available from invoice information) Considered an overall maintenance cost of the renovation scenarios (yearly percentage of the total cost of the renewals) in.5% (envelope measures), 2% (heating systems and PV) Replacement assumed in lighting (15 2 years Average inflation considered in 1.8% (from 1 years average data) All construction costs with prices at 215, VAT included. Assembling, disassembling and daily amortization of scaffold are included in façade renovation costs. *Source: ** Source:

18 Paybacks for the renovation implemented in steps (every 4 years): Expected Overall Overall Overall maintena Expected savings in cost of cost of nce Cost of savings in electrcicit methane electricity Investmen cost replaceme Payback methane y /year /year tin /year nt in Items to be replaced (years) step 1 var A 52% 1% step 1 var B 52% 1% step 1 var C 52% 1% step 2 ligthing (var A) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime years) >5 step 2 ligthing (var B) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime years) >5 step 2 ligthing (var C) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime years) >5 step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 13% 63% inversors PV (15 years step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 12% 63% inversors PV (15 years step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 12% 63% inversors PV (15 years step 2.2 boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system inversors PV (15 years 2% 63% (var A) >5 step 2.2 boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system inversors PV (15 years 3% 63% (var B) >5 step 2.2 boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system inversors PV (15 years 3% 63% (var C) >5 inversors PV(15 years step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var A) 13% 63% step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var B) 15% 63% inversors PV (15 years step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var C) 17% 63% inversors PV (15 years Total payback (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3) in all variants is expected in > 5 years. 18

19 19 Paybacks for the renovation implemented in steps (every 4 years): Values in m2 conditioned area Overall Overall cost maintenanc Expected Expected Overall cost of e Cost of savings in savings in of methane electricity Investment cost /year replacemen Payback methane electrcicity /year /year m2 in /m2 m2 t in /m2 Items to be replaced (years) step 1 var A 52% 1% step 1 var B 52% 1% step 1 var C 52% 1% step 2 ligthing (var A) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime 15 2 years) >5 step 2 ligthing (var B) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime 15 2 years) >5 step 2 ligthing (var C) 2% 26% led tubes (lifetime 15 2 years) >5 step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 13% 63% inversors PV (15 years 21 step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 12% 63% inversors PV (15 years 21 step 2.1 boiler + vent. Nat + PV system (var A) 12% 63% inversors PV (15 years 21 step boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system (var A) 2% 63% inversors PV (15 years >5 step 2.2 boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system (var B) 3% 63% inversors PV (15 years >5 step 2.2 boiler + vent. Mechanical + PV system (var C) 3% 63% inversors PV (15 years >5 step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var A) 13% 63% inversors PV (15 years 38 step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var B) 15% 63% inversors PV (15 years 37 step 2.3 boiler + MVHR + PV system (var C) 17% 63% inversors PV (15 years 35 Total payback (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3) in all variants is expected in > 5 years.

20 Paybacks for the renovation implemented all at once (step 1 + step 2 + step 2.1/step 2.2/step 2.3): Expected savings in Expected savings in Overall cost Overall cost of methane of electricity Investment Overall maintenanc e Cost of replacement methane electrcicity /year /year in cost /year in Items to be replaced step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var A) 57% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var B) 57% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step1+step 2+step (var C) 57% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var A) 49% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var B) 5% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var C) 5% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var A) 57% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var B) 58% 72% /inversors PV (15 years step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var C) 6% 72% /inversors PV (15 years Payback (years) /inversors PV (15 years 36 Total payback (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3) in all variants is expected in years, years, and 37 years, respectively

21 21 Paybacks for the renovation implemented (step 1 + step 2 + step 2.1/step 2.2/step 2.3): Values in m2 conditioned area Expected savings in methane Expected savings in electrcicity Overall cost of methane /year Overall cost of electricity Investment /m2 year in /m2 Overall maintenan ce cost /m2 year Cost of replaceme nt in /m2 step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var A) 57% 72% 4, 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var B) 57% 72% 3,9 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var C) 57% 72% 3,9 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var A) 49% 72% 4,6 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var B) 5% 72% 4,6 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var C) 5% 72% 4,6 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var A) 57% 72% 3,9 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var B) 58% 72% 3,8 1, step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var C) 6% 72% 3,7 1, Items to be replaced /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years /inversors PV (15 years Payback (years) Total payback (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2) and (step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3) in all variants is expected in years, years, and years, respectively.

22 22 In graphics, global cost of renovation all at once of step 1+ step2 + step 2.1: Glob bal costs en /m² year Existing building step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var A) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var B) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.1 (var C) Confort Maintenance costs /m2 year Energy price (electricity) /m2 year Energy price (diesel) /m2 year Cost of replacement /m2 Investment /m2 Confort (numbers of hours > 28ºC) It is expected no problems of overheating (T>28ºC) in classrooms. The replacement of the 1 gas boiler of heating system have been considered in the cost of replacement of the existing building. There is no information of the costs in maintenance and replacements concerning the existing building.

23 23 In graphics, global cost of renovation all at once of step 1+ step2 + step 2.2: Glob bal costs en /m² year Existing building step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var A) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var B) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.2 (var C) Confort Maintenance costs /m2 year Energy price (electricity) /m2 year Energy price (diesel) /m2 year Cost of replacement /m2 Investment /m2 Confort (numbers of hours > 28ºC) It is expected no problems of overheating (T>28ºC) in classrooms. The replacement of the 1 gas boiler of heating system have been considered in the cost of replacement of the existing building. There is no information of the costs in maintenance and replacements concerning the existing building.

24 24 In graphics, global cost of renovation all at once of step 1+ step2 + step 2.3: Global costs en /m² year Existing building step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var A) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var B) step 1+ step 2 + step 2.3 (var C) Confort Maintenance costs /m2 year Energy price (electricity) /m2 year Energy price (diesel) /m2 year Cost of replacement /m2 Investment /m2 Confort (numbers of hours > 28ºC) It is expected no problems of overheating (T>28ºC) in classrooms. The replacement of the 1 gas boiler of heating system have been considered in the cost of replacement of the existing building. There is no information of the costs in maintenance and replacements concerning the existing building.

25 Summary results 25 Current situation: gas electricity consumption (kwh) Ratio (kwh/m2) consumption (kwh) Ratio (kwh/m2) Real (invoice information) Simulation (Open studio+energyplus) Results of nzeb renovation under ZEMedS goals: Renovation implemented with energy efficiency measures in Energy balance in PE(kWh/ (kwh/m2 y) (heating, cooling, vent., DHW & lighting) and RES production (kwh and kwh/m2 conditioned area) (ZEMedS requirement 1) (simulations) Energy result in FE (kwh/m2 y) (heating, cooling, vent. & lighting) i per conditioned i d area (ZEMedS requirement 2) (simulations) Goal of (ZEMedS requirement 3) result 1 result 2 result 3 envelope + lighting + ventilation with natural ventilation + heating condensing boiler + PV system covering (heating, lighting, ventilation) envelope + lighting + ventilation with mechanical ventilation + heating condensing boiler + PV system covering (heating, lighting, ventilation) envelope + lighting + ventilation with mechanical ventilation with heat recovery + heating condensing boiler + PV system covering (heating, lighting, ventilation) Var A 3795/3 431/ / m2 PV 178 m2 PV 151 m2 PV Var B 3795/3 431/ / m2 PV 178 m2 PV 151 m2 PV Var C /3 431/ / m2 PV 178 m2 PV 151 m2 PV Var A Var B Var C natural ventilation by opening windows (no indoor quality guaranteed) predicted temperatures above 28ºC in less than 4 hours/year indoor quality guaranteed by mechanical ventilation predicted temperatures above 28ºCinlessthan4 hours/year indoor quality guaranteed by mechanical ventilation predicted temperatures above 28ºCinlessthan4 hours/year Paybacks (years) step by step implementation > 5 > 5 > 5 Paybacks (years) all at once implementation