Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings

Transcription

1 Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 1 Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings Paolo Bertoldi European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) IE - Institute for Energy

2 Why Energy Efficiency is important - 1? Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 2 Energy efficiency is a key element of the strategy to mitigate climate change, as it is the cheapest, cleanest and fastest solution. Energy efficiency also contribute to economic welfare and sustainable development. Energy Efficiency is the largest energy source. It contributes to security of supply and competitiveness.

3 Why Energy Efficiency is important - 2? Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 3 Gigatonnes Policy Scenario 450 Policy Scenario 9% 14% 23% Nuclear CCS Renewables & biofuels Energy efficiency % Reference Scenario 550 Policy Scenario 450 Policy Scenario Source: Paul Waide - IEA

4 Why Energy Efficiency is important - 3? Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 4 Development of primary energy demand and GDP Source Enerdata 2006 Negajoules Biomass Other electricity Nuclear Gas Oil Coal Mtoe

5 Why Energy Efficiency is important - 4? Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 5 Investments in energy efficiency pay off Global GHG abatement cost curve beyond business-as-usual

6 ...but we are still very inefficient!! Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 6

7 The Residential Sector Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 7 Energy consumed by households accounts for about 25 % of world delivered energy consumption in In the European Union (EU-27) residential energy consumption account for about 25%; in Japan about 14%. In the EU-27 the residential energy consumption is increased by 8% from 1990, but dropped by -1,55% from The EU-27 the residential electricity consumption rose by 13,17% on the period and by 37,2% on Industry 19,35% Services 5,6% Transport 32,06% Residential 18,63% Electricity 21,12% Agriculture 2,02% Residential 28,6% Services 26,66% Industry 40,44% Agriculture 1,8% Transport 2,52%

8 Energy Consumption in Buildings Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 8 For residential buildings, the energy consumption depends on many factors: The geographical location (related to heating and cooling, with heating responsible for the largest consumption in the EU). The insulation of the building. The size of the building (larger homes require more energy to provide heating, air conditioning, and lighting, and they tend to include more energy-using appliances, such as televisions and PCs, or larger appliances, e.g. refrigerators). The efficiency of the equipment (appliances, boilers, air-conditioners, TVs etc.). The behaviour of the people leaving in the building. International comparison is very difficult: different climate, building technologies, lifestyle patters.

9 Comparison of Heat loss coefficient Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 9 Heat loss coefficient[w/m2k] USA Japan ( 1999 standard ) France 2.01 England Germany Denmark Denmark ( masonry house ) 1.26 ( wooden house ) 1.3 Canada Norway Finland degree-day(hdd 18-18) Each heat loss coefficient is calculated on Japanese average floor space 120m 2 with U factor standard of each country. Source:Tomoyuki Karatsu: Energy efficiency standard of residential buildings in each country, The Kenchiku Gijutsu

10 Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 10 EU Key Climate and Energy Objectives for 2020 By % EU GHG By % ENERGY SAVING By 2020 binding 20% RENEWABLES in final energy consumption at EU level RES in transport Min 10% binding ELECTRICITY MS binding choice HEATING & COOLING MS binding choice NATIONAL TARGETS & ACTION PLANS

11 European Energy Efficiency Policies Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 11 In the EU policies have been developed both for the buildings (building shell and installed equipment) and for the appliances/plug load inside buildings (TV, lightings, refrigerators, standby, PCs, washing machine, room air conditioners, etc.). In the EU policies includes information (e.g. labelling), minimum efficiency standards (eliminating from the market inefficient equipment, and new building only well insulated), and financial incentives (mainly at Member States level).

12 Heating and Electricity Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 12 Energy Consumption in Buildings Elec Heat 80 Share Year In modern very well insulted homes electrical appliances and water heathers are responsible for the largest consumption

13 Labelling of Appliances Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 13 The EU adopetd a Framework Appliance Energy Labelling Directive in 1992 (92/75/EEC) followed by implementing Directives for the following appliances: Cold appliances (Directive 94/2/EC of ) Clothes washers (Directive 95/12/EC of ) Clothes dryers (Directive 95/13/EC of ) Washer-dryers (Directive 96/60/EC of ) Dishwashers (Directive 97/17/EC of ) Household lamps (Directive 98/11/EC of ) Air-conditioners (Directive 2002/31/EC of ) Electric ovens (Directive 2002/40/EC of ). Directive 2003/66/EC on refrigerators and freezers (A+/A++)

14 The importance of making energy efficiency visible Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 14 C F A C Source: Paul Waide - IEA

15 Mandatory minimum efficiency requirements Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 15 Mandatory minimum efficiency requirements have been introduced in the EU for: Cold appliances Heating Boilers Ballast for fluorescent lighting The new Eco-Design of Energy Using Products Directive allows a faster adoption of Mandatory minimum efficiency requirements. The Eco-Design Directive does not create immediate obligations for manufacturers but allows the Commission to do so through implementing Directives/Regulations;

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17 Phase out of incandescent lighting Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 17 In March 2009 the European Commission adopted the Eco-design Regulation to improve the energy efficiency of household lamps, which envisages the progressive phase-out of incandescent bulbs starting in 2009 and finishing at the end of 2012.

18 Improvements in efficiency are offset by additional consumption Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 18 Including standby consumption

19 Energy Performance of Building Directive Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 19

20 The Near Future: the recast of the EPBD Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 20 Passive house (15kWh/m2/year, heating only) Zero Net Energy House (renewable energies: PV, wind, geothermal, etc.) to provide all the energy needed. It requires very efficient appliances and lighting (LEDs) Source: Hannes Guddat*, Michael Keller**, Christoph Thim*** * Soap architecture GbR, Darmstadt ** TU Darmstadt, department of architecture, energy-efficient building design group *** ZTV, BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, Munich

21 Conclusions Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 21 There is a large potential to further improve energy efficiency in buildings (about 25%) in Europe and elsewhere. It requires efficient solutions and new technologies both for the buildings shell and for the equipment, including renewable energy sources. Attention must be paid to existing buildings, and incentives and solutions for the building refurbishment needs to be introduced. Policies and programmes are needed: information (labelling and smart metering), minimum efficiency standards, and incentives. Finally it is required a change in behaviour and life style (smaller homes, less equipment, less cooling, walking, etc.).

22 Inefficient equipment to be found only in museum Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 22

23 Thank you for your attention Tokyo 7 September 2009 Asahi symposium 23