Sustainability of Renewable Energies

Transcription

1 Sustainability of Renewable Energies Hermann-Josef Wagner Institute for Energy Systems and Energy Economy Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany ASADI Conference : Improving Acess to Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa Cape Town, November 2010

2 Structure of my presentation About sustainability Status of renewable energy use Sustainability evaluation Conclusions and message

3 South North Chair of Energy Systems Sustainability approach and models Three dimensions - model Today Economy source: SIA 2000, modified Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Environment Society Source: UN 1987 Brundtland Report Future Today South North Environment Society Economy Russian doll - model Future source: Levett 1999, modified

4 Structure of my presentation About sustainability Status of renewable energy use Sustainability evaluation Conclusions and message

5 Energy consumption, million TOE Chair of Energy Systems The world is hungry on energy World primary energy consumption World primary energy consumption 2008: 11 million TOE Other Nuclear energy Hydro power Natural gas Oil Solid fuel Contribution of selected countries and country groups to the world primary energy consumption USA 20 % EU % Germany 3 % China 18 % Japan 4 % African Countries 3 % Source: various statistics, recent years: BP-Statistics

6 Electricity from wind energy Status of installed wind power Rated Capacity [MW] Share worldwide [%] USA 35, Germany 25, China 25, Spain 19, India 10,900 7 Italy 4,900 3 France 4,500 3 UK 4,000 3 Portugal 3,500 2 Denmark 3,500 2 Remaining countries 21, Total 157, Source: Global Wind Energy Council

7 Photovoltaics expensive but increasing Installed Photovoltaic Power 2009 New installed MWp Total End 2009 MWp World ca Germany

8 At the beginning: Solarthermal power electricity generation

9 Parabol concentrator solar power station in Spain (Andasol 1, 5 MW)

10 Solarthermal power station in California a vision for Africa Source: Schlaich Bergermann und Partner

11 Structure of my presentation About sustainability Status of renewable energy use Sustainability evaluation Conclusions and message

12 Life cycle assessment: production-use-recycling Final Product: Aluminium Component

13 Choice of indicators

14 CO 2 - emission of electricity generation in consideration of the whole chain - Comparison of different studies Lignite Anthracite Natural Gas Photovoltaic Biomass Hydroelectric Wind Legend Nuclear lower limit Plausibility range upper Limit Solar heat 1) Figures of plausibility not possible

15 Description of reference systems Reference System Specification Installed capacity [MW] Expected lifetime: System (IS*) [a] System efficiency [%] Solar irradiation [W/m 2 ] Wind speed [m/s] Capacity factor [%] Investment costs (IVC) [ /kw] Operational costs p. a. [% of IVC] *IS: Infrastructure Wind / (40) , GCC plant NG fired / (40) ,

16 Sustainability evaluation of a 1,5 MW onshore wind converter (Wind-1) without backup power station Land Flächen-IA use [m² a] 60 Flächen-IA [m2 a] [m2 a] Air Luft-IA use [m³/mwh] 30 Luft-IA [m3/mwh] [m3/mwh] CE kea [MJ [MJprim./kWh] kea 7,5 [MJprim./kWh] Usage Wasser-IA of water Wasser-IA [m3/mwh] [m³/mwh] [m3/mwh] ,2 2,5 5,0 0,4 50 VS 0,6 VS [-] [-] 0 Employment BE [Tsd./MW] BE [Thsd./MW] [Tsd./MW] 60 Energy SGK cost 90 SGK [Ct./kWh] [ct./kwh] [Ct./kWh] Energy Security

17 Sustainability evaluation of a 350 MW GCC power station Land Flächen-IA use [m² a] 60 Flächen-IA [m2 a] [m2 a] Air Luft-IA use [m³/mwh] 30 Luft-IA [m3/mwh] [m3/mwh] CE kea [MJ [MJprim./kWh] kea 7,5 [MJprim./kWh] Usage Wasser-IA of water Wasser-IA [m3/mwh] [m³/mwh] [m3/mwh] ,2 2,5 5,0 0,4 50 VS 0,6 VS [-] [-] 0 Employment BE [Tsd./MW] BE [Thsd./MW] [Tsd./MW] 60 Energy SGK cost 90 SGK [Ct./kWh] [ct./kwh] [Ct./kWh] Energy Security

18 Structure of my presentation About sustainability Status of renewable energy use Sustainability evaluation Conclusions and message

19 Conclusions and message The world is not on a sustainable way Renewables contribute to a sustainable development Renewables are material intensive ecobalances inform about sustainability Africa needs energy Africa has a hight renewable potential - and free areas (deserts) Lets make a barter - solar technology versus sun electricity and less emissions Scientific cooperation must smooth actions in policy

20 Thank you for your attention