Hollingsworth & Vose

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1 Hollingsworth & Vose PM2.5 & PM1 Health Impact and Importance of changing standards in HVAC filtration Gloria Geng 29 May 2013 Filtration = Critical Enabling Technology

2 PM2.5 Impact on Health 3.2M People Global premature mortality from indoor and outdoor air pollution 8.6 Months Average reduction in EU life expectancy due to PM2.5 pollution PM 10 (10 μm) PM 2.5 (2.5 μm) Human Hair (60 μm) µg/m3 Yearly PM2.5 vs. Premature Mortality 1.2M 350,000 50, US EU China Thousands People PM2.5 Pollution Source: NASA Picture --- WHO September 2011 Premature mortality due to PM2.5 Pollution 2

3 PM2.5 Main Source & Healthy Impact PM2.5 Main Source besides natural sources PM2.5 enter alveolus pulmonis, bring the impact to respiratory and cardiovascular system 3

4 PM1 & UFP(Ultra Fine Particle) --- Future PM1 Healthy Impact: Enter in blood via alveoles Outdoor pollution changes with time and seasons (Salzburg) Summer Winter Indoor air can be more polluted than outdoor air, up to a factor of 50 Due to indoor activity (cooking, cleaning ), pets, construction materials, paints, lacquers, furniture 4

5 Effect of pollution Pollution Human ~ 90% time people live inside the buildings HVAC system becomes a source for infections Pollution Building New Polluted 5

6 Complexity of HVAC systems Heat / Cool dependent on # people, electric light, equipment, activities,... Need to filter at inlet, exhaust / recycle Fresh & clean air Need O² Building - People inside must feel good and be able to perform well Polluted Air Humidify / Dry dependent on # people and activities Heat Exchanger to recuperate or save energy

7 How to achieve better IAQ Air Filter Selection Type Quantity : filter surface Construction quality Media Performance Selection Charged synthetic media Mechanical media Synthetic Glass : dry - and wet laid

8 European Filter Standard Change EN779:2012 Minimum Test 0.4µm - Initial - Discharged IPA soak - Any measurement during dust loading Discharged efficiency is part of the classification system for F7 F9

9 Effect of Electrostatic Charged and Charge Dissipation of Media Fractional Eff. Ashrae 52.2 EN779:2012 Losing charge has a big impact on the Indoor Air Quality!!! Clear connection between increased pollution levels with particles below 2.5µm and increased mortality caused by cardiovascular and respiratory illness Beijing : in the past 10 years, lung cancer rate increase 60% due to PM pollutions 9

10 Effect of Electrostatic Charged and Charge Dissipation of Media Fractional Eff. Particulate pollution in Salzburg in the summer PM1 & UFP have little mass but are present in high qty. The effect of discharging is bigger in this area. Filtration Efficiency (%) Electrostatic charged media Various discharge Techniques PM 1 PM 2.5 PM Particle Size Range (μm) Initial KCl Discharged IPA Discharged 10

11 Energy Now is a bigger concern As much as 30% of the energy consumption of an HVAC system is due to filter pressure drop 40% of global energy consumption and roughly 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions are caused by buildings 11

12 Energy Rating System in Europe Eurovent 4/11: Energy label for F7 F9 filters 12

13 What is NanoWave? NanoWave NanoWave is a media developed to address the issue of charge decay It combines fine fiber with media surface Product offering (M6~F9; Merv8~Merv15) IDEA13 Award Winning technology for Roll Goods 13

14 Discharge characteristics of NanoWave 100 Extended Surface Area MERV Testing (Various discharge Techniques) Filtration Efficiency (%) Initial KCl Discharged IPA Discharged Particle Size Range (μm) NanoWave media does not have an electrostatic charge Consistently protect people s health inside the buildings 14

15 In Situ Testing of Different Media Technologies Location : H&V plant Suzhou

16 AHU - H&V Suzhou Factory Air Flow Adjustment valve AHU turned 90 in drawing 20 x Pre filter elements 20 x F7 pocket filters

17 AHU data AHU Filter configuration Pre-filter : G4 panel filter Final filter : F7 pocket filter Air flow : 50,000 to 55,000 m³/h Start of test : 1 March 2013 Last recording : 8 May 2013 Fine Filter data : Media surface : 2.65 m² Total media surface / AHU : 53 m² Media velocity : 0.26 m/s Filter performance measured in lab every 2 weeks

18 Initial Filter Test Result - Lab

19 Initial Fractional Efficiency Curves Media velocity 26.4 cm/s 100% Initial Initial & Discharged Filter Fractional Fractional Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency [%] 80% 60% Initial Discharged 40% 20% Glass mat Local MB NanoWave Discharged Efficiency 0% Particle Size [µm]

20 Evolution of Filter Performance Evolution of airflow with time Qty of m³ of air / m² of media : 85,000 m³/m²

21 Evolution of Filter Performance Evolution of 0.4µm Efficiency IPA Discharged Efficiency IPA Discharged efficiency is a good indicator for real life efficiency

22 Evolution of Filter Performance Evolution of Filter Air Resistance in Pa

23 Evolution of Filter Performance Evolution of Electrical Power needs to overcome Air Filter Resistance

24 Filter Technology Impact on IAQ Indoor PM2.5 µg/m³ 100 Outdoor PM µg/m³ F7 Local MB discharged efficiency WHO 35 Europe 25 U.S F7 NanoWave initial & discharge efficiency F7 Local MB initial efficiency W/o taking indoor pollution into account, when outdoor PM2.5 concentrations is 100 µg/m³, an charged F7 filter can not bring contamination down to WHO requirement

25 Filter Technology and Performance Impact on IAQ Indoor PM2.5 µg/m³ 200 Outdoor PM µg/m³ F7 Local MB discharged performance F7 NanoWave initial & discharge performance WHO 35 Europe 25 U.S F9 Nanowave initial & discharge performance F7 + F9 Nanowave initial & discharge performance For very high outdoor contamination levels F7 and F9 NanoWave combination offer a safe solution for sufficient PM reduction, including indoor air pollution 25

26 Conclusions Particles below 2.5 µm cause a serious health concern Concentrations of these particles need to be reduced to levels below WHO requirements Charged synthetic media loose fast performance with time. The IPA discharged efficiency is a good measure for indicating the minimum real life performance Local synthetic media drop to only 25% of the efficiency of NanoWave and have an 10% higher energy consumption than NanoWave Glass media : a 10% higher efficiency for +60% higher energy consumption compared to NanoWave NanoWave combines both mechanical filtration performance with low energy consumption

27 Hollingsworth & Vose Thank You for your attention! Gloria.geng@hovo.com.cn Questions?