Contributors. Dr. S.C. Dhiman, Chairman, Central Ground Water Board

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2 Contributors Overall Guidance and Supervision: Dr. S.C. Dhiman, Chairman, Central Ground Water Board Prepared by: Shri J.. Verma, Scientist B, Central Ground Water Board, NCC, aipur Shri B.K. Sahoo, Scientist C, Central Ground Water Board, GI, aipur Principal Contributors: Shri K.C. Naik, egional Director, Central Ground Water Board, NCC, aipur Shri Sunil Kumar, egional Director (I/C, Central Ground Water Board, NH, Dharamshala Shri S.K. Sinha, Scientist D, Central Ground Water Board, CHQ, Faridabad Shri D. Chakraborty, Scientist C, Central Ground Water Board, NCC, aipur Shri S.K. Swaroop, Scientist B, Central Ground Water Board, CHQ, Faridabad

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5 Number Plate I Plate II Plate III Plate IV Sections Introduction List of Figures Administrative Divisions iver Basins Principal Aquifer Systems Major Aquifers Contents Plate V Plate VI Plate VII Plate VIII Plate IX Plate X iver Basin Wise Aquifer Distribution Parliamentary Constituencies Population Density Land Use Ground Water Exploratory Wells Ground Water Observation Wells Plate XI Depth To Water Level (Pre-Monsoon, 2011 Plate XII Depth To Water Level (Post-Monsoon, 2011 Plate XIII Ground Water Level Fluctuation (Post-Monsoon Vs Pre-Monsoon, 2011 Plate XIV Plate XV Plate XVI Plate XVII Plate XVIII Plate XIX Plate XX Plate XXI Plate XXII Plate XXIII Plate XXIV Plate XXV Plate XXVI Plate XXVII Water Table Elevation Ground Water Quality Categorization of Ground Water Assessment Basalt Aquifer Systems Banded Gneissic Complex Gneiss Aquifer Systems Sandstone Aquifer Systems Shale Aquifer Systems Shale Aquifer (Chhattisgarh Basin Subsurface Disposition of Shale Aquifer Limestone Aquifer Systems Granite Aquifer Systems Alluvium and Laterite Aquifer Systems Intrusives

6 Plate XXVIII Plate XXIX Plate XXX Plate XXXI Plate XXXII Plate XXXIII Plate XXXIV Crystalline Aquifer Systems (Quartzite, Schist and Khondalite Annual eplenishable echarge Ground Water Management Plan Aquifer Management Plan (Shale Aquifer, Chhattisgarh Basin Aquifer Management Plan (Gondwana Aquifer, Mand Basin Isopach Map of Shale Aquifer Ground Water Vulnerable Area List of tables Table 1 Administrative Divisions of Chhattisgarh Table 2a iver Basins of Chhattisgarh Table 2b Major iver Basins Table 3 District wise Distribution of Principal Aquifer Systems Table 4 Aquifer Systems of Chhattisgarh Table 5 Aquifer Distribution - iver Basin wise Table 6 Aquifer wise Area of Parliamentary Constituencies Table 7 Population Census of Chhattisgarh Table 8 Land Use Table 9 District wise and Aquifer wise Distribution of Exploratory Wells Table 10 District wise and Aquifer wise Distribution of Ground Water Observation Wells (Dugwells/ Piezometers Table 11 Depth to Water Level, Pre-monsoon 2011 Table 12 Depth to Water Level, Post-monsoon, 2011 Table 13 Seasonal Ground Water Level Fluctuation, May 2011 vs Nov 2011 Table 14 Water Table Elevation Table 15 Area affected by Salinity, Fluoride, Nitrate and Arsenic in Ground Water in different Districts of Chhattisgarh Table 16 Categorization of Assessment Unit

7 Table 17 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Basalt Aquifer System Table 18 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC Aquifer System Table 19 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Gneiss Aquifer System Table 20 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Sandstone Aquifer System Table 21 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Shale Aquifer System Table 22 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Limestone Aquifer System Table 23 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Granite Aquifer System Table 24 District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Schist Aquifer System Table 25 District wise and Aquifer wise Annual eplenishable echarge (m/yr Table 26 Aquifer wise Ground Water Management Plan Table 27 District wise Area Prioritized for Artificial echarge Table 28 Area Delineated for Water Conservation and Harvesting Table 29 Area Suitable for Ground Water Development Way Forward

8 INTODUCTION Ever increasing demand for ground water resources in hard rock regions of the State with limited renewal potential poses a serious threat to ensure sustainable development of ground water for its judicious use in various sectors. This precious resource needs to be managed judiciously to ensure adequate supplies of dependable quantity and quality. It is a natural resource with economic, strategic and environmental value, which is under stress both due to changing climatic and anthropogenic factors. Shortage of ground water in hard rock areas is well known due to its limited areal extent in secondary porosity generally developed due to weathering, fracturing, jointing, faulting, etc. within the hard rock formations which are sparsely distributed. Chhattisgarh after carved out from the State of Madhya Pradesh on 1 st November, 2000 has taken quantum leap in various developmental activities which fulfilled the long cherished aspirations of the local populace. The State richly endowed with natural resources is also true in respect of its water availability as almost 80% of the population is dependent on agriculture and allied activities for livelihood. It is pertinent to mention that water being a catalyst for development of the State is never understated as Chhattisgarh is known as rice bowl of India. The State experiences sub-tropical climate, characterized by extreme summer and moderate winter having average rainfall of about 1300 mm. As per the 2009 assessment, jointly done by the Water esources Department, Govt. of Chhattisgarh and Central Ground Water Board, aipur, the annual replenishable ground water resource has been estimated as billion cubic meter (bcm, out of which bcm is considered to be available for development for various uses after keeping 0.64 bcm for natural discharge during non-monsoon period for maintaining flows in springs, rivers and streams. Out of 146 blocks, 38 blocks have stage of development within 30 to 50%, 25 blocks within 50 and 70%. Only 15 blocks have attained stages of development more than 70%. ests 68 blocks have stage of development within 30%. The State as a whole has a stage of development of only 31.04%, 14 have been categorized as semi-critical from ground water development point of view. Out of these 14 blocks, 7 fall in Durg, 3 in Dhamtari and one each in Bilaspur, Kawardha, aigarh and ajnandgaon districts. Caution should be exercised while planning ground water development in these blocks. est 132 blocks has been categorized as safe from ground water development point of view. It is not out of context to emphasize that Planning Commission has impressed upon for the need of National Ground Water Management Programme which encompasses aquifer mapping & delineation; recharge to ground water & well use efficiencies associated to aquifers; demand management of aquifers through participatory approach; legislation of ground water; etc. for ensuring improved governance of ground water. In view of this a comprehensive mapping of aquifers of Chhattisgarh State has been felt essential and in this regard a baseline collation of existing data has been attempted for the preparation of

9 Aquifer Atlas of Chhattisgarh on 1:2,50,000 scale. The Aquifer maps would ultimately help to develop an Aquifer Information and Management System (AIMS for sustainable management of ground water resources in the State. In the State of Chhattisgarh, twelve (12 principal aquifers have been identified and reflected in the map which have subsequently further down-scaled and mapped to twenty three (23 major aquifers and the standard national coding of aquifers have been adopted. In order to initiate the preparation of the aquifer atlas of Chhattisgarh, the geological map of 1:2,50,000 scale (GSI was used as base map for identification of lithounits which in turn helped in delineating the principal aquifer systems in the State. Subsequently, these principal aquifers were further sub-divided into major aquifers based on the surface and sub-surface data generated by the CGWB through its ground water exploration programme. The base map of major aquifers in turn was utilized for generating various thematic maps by superimposing the diverse aspects that are essential for preparation of aquifer management plan. Thereafter, several maps were generated viz. basin, drainage, soil, geomorphology, land use, exploratory wells, ground water monitoring observation wells, depth to water level (pre & post monsoon, water level trend, area suitable for recharge & augmentation, area suitable for ground water development, ground water development scenario, ground water quality. Collation of all these generated maps were utilized for arriving at the aquifer management plan of the State and the same has been depicted as management plan map. In order to support all the maps prepared in the Aquifer Atlas of Chhattisgarh, necessary tables indicating the data were prepared and is part of this atlas for better understating of the aquifers in different districts of Chhattisgarh. Major aquifers in Chhattisgarh with principal aquifer code and major aquifer code along with area covered has been synthesize in the table for preparation of aquifer atlas and unified codification. Locations of areas affected by salinity, fluoride, nitrate and arsenic in different district of Chhattisgarh and aquifer wise ground water management plan for the principal aquifers have also been tabulated.

10 Table 1: Administrative Divisions of Chhattisgarh Sl No District name Area (sq km Number of Tehsils Number of Development Blocks Number of towns 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewara Dhamtari Durg Janjgir Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Source: censusindia.gov.in (Census 2011

11 PLATE - I AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH ADMINISTATIVE DIVISIONS kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Agar Arpa Korba Bilaspur Hasdeo Mand Kawardha Hanp Janjgir-Champa Barai aigarh Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur L E G E N D Narangi N - State Capital I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur District Headquarters State Boundary District Boundary Bijapur Dantewada Block Boundary Major Drainage A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Waterbody oad Chinta ailway Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

12 Table 2a: iver Basins of Chhattisgarh Sl No Basin/Subbasin Place of origin of main river Total Catchment area In Chhattisgarh Major tributaries 1 Brahmani Chhotanagpur Plateau (Jharkhand Sankh 2 Godavari Nashik District (Maharashtra Sabri & Indravati 3 Ganga Gangotri Uttar Kashi District (Uttaranchal ihand & Banas 4 Mahanadi Sihawa Hills, Dhamtari District (C.G Seonath, Hasdeo, Tel, Mand & Kelo 5 Narmada Amarkantak Hill anges, Shahdol (MP Banjar Total Table 2b: Major iver Basins Sl No Basin/Subbasin Sub basin Number of watershed Area 1 Brahmani Brahmani Indravati Godavari Kolab and others (Godavari Wainganga Ganga Sone Mahanadi Lower Mahanadi Mahanadi Middle Mahanadi Upper Narmada Narmada Upper Area in Sq km Total

13 Lilagar Mand PLATE - II AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH IVE BASINS kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Neur Gopad ihand Moran Sendur M A D H Y A P A D E S H Son Tan Koriya Mahan Ambikapur Kanher Maini Ib Shankh J H A K H A N D Jashpur Maniyari Korba Banjar Helo Dhodgi N Kawardha Hanp Agar Arpa Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i M A H A A S H T A e o n S Kharkhara N a h t ajnandgaon Tandula Durg Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Sondur Khorsi N Mahasamund Jonk Surangi O D I S H A Kotri Nibra Narayanpur Gudra N Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur L E G E N D Chint Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Basin/Sub-basin Talperu Sabari Lower Ganges - Sub basin Bramhani - Sub basin - State Capital District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Chinta Narmada -Basin Mahanadi -Basin State Boundary Drainage Godavari -Basin Waterbody Watershed Boundary Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Sub-Basin Boundary

14 Table 3: District wise Distribution of Principal Aquifer Systems District Name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total area Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir- Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Area Area in Sq Km and % in respect to the total area of the District

15 PLATE - III AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH PINCIPAL AQUIFE SYSTEMS kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur L E G E N D Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Aquifer Alluvium Granite - State Capital A N D H A P A D E S H Laterite Schist District Headquarters Chinta Sabari Basalt Sandstone Shale Quartzite Charnockite BGC State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Limestone Gneiss Waterbody Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

16 Sl No Principal Aquifer Code Principal Aquifer Name Table 4: Aquifer Systems of Chhattisgarh Major aquifer Code 1 AL Alluvium AL01 Major Aquifer Name Area Covered % Fluvial Alluvium (Clay/Silt/Sand/ Calcareous concretions LT Laterite LT01 Laterite / Ferruginous concretions BS01 Basic ocks (Basalt BS Basalt 4 BS02 Ultra Basic ST02 Sandstone with Shale ST03 Sandstone with Shale/ Coal beds ST Sandstone 7 ST05 Sandstone/Conglomerate ST06 Sandstone with Shale SH03 Shale, Limestone and Sandstone SH Shale SH05 Shale/Shale with Sandstone SH06 Shale with Limestone LS03 Limestone/Dolomite LS Limestone 13 LS04 Limestone with Shale G Granite G02 Acidic ocks (Pegmatite, Granite, Syenite, hyolite, etc SC02 Phyllite SC Schist 16 SC03 Slate QZ Quartzite QZ01 Quartzite CK Charnokite CK01 Charnockite KH Khondalite KH01 Khondalite BG Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC BG01 Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC GN Gneiss GN01 Undifferentiated metasedimentaries/ Undifferentiated metamorphic GN02 Gneiss Area in Sq km

17 Mand Ib PLATE - IV AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH MAJO AQUIFES kilometers U. P. Banas Gopad ihand Jharkhand Koriya Kanher Ambikapur Jashpur M. P. Tan Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Arpa Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon aipur Kharun Dhamtari PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund Odisha Aquifers L E G E N D AL01 - Alluvium LT01 - Laterite BS01 - Basalt Maharastra Kanker 82 BS02 - Basalt and other basic rocks ST02 - Sandstone with Shale ST03 - Sandstone with Shale/Coal ST05 - Sandstone (Consolidated Kotri ST06 - Sandstone with Shale (Consolidated SH03 - Shale, Limestone and Sandstone Narayanpur SH05 - Shale, Limestone and Sandstone (Consolidated Narangi N SH06 - Shale with Limestone LS03 - Limestone/Dolomite I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur LS04 - Limestone with Shale G02 - Granite SC02 - Phyllite Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Drainage SC03 - Slate OZ01 - Quartzite Andhra Pradesh Chinta Sabari Water Body District Boundary State Boundary District Headquarters CK01 - Charnockite KH01 - Khondalite BG01 - Banded Gneissic Complex GN01 - Undifferntiated Metamorphics GN02- Gneiss State Capital Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

18 Table 5: Aquifer distribution - iver Basin wise Name of Basin/ Sub-basin Total Area Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Brahmani Indravati Kolab and others (Godavari Wainganga Mahanadi Lower Mahanadi Middle Mahanadi Upper Narmada Upper Sone Area in Sq Km Total

19 PLATE - V AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH AQUIFES - IVE BASINWISE kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H SONE Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D BAHMANI Arpa Korba NAMADA UPPE Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh MAHANADI MIDDLE M a h a n a d i MAHANADI UPPE M A H A A S H T A WEINGANGA t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund Jonk Kanker MAHANADI LOWE O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur INDAVATI Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur L E G E N D Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Aquifer Alluvium Granite - State Capital Laterite Schist District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Chinta KOLAB AND OTHES Sabari Basalt Sandstone Shale Quartzite Charnockite BGC State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Limestone Gneiss Waterbody Sub - Basin Boundary Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India iver Gauging and Discharge Sites

20 Table 6: Aquifer wise area of Parliamentary Constituencies Parliamentary Constituency Area Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Bastar Bilaspur Durg Janjgir Kanker Mahasamund aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Sarangarh Surguja Total area Area in Sq Km

21 PLATE - VI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH PALIAMENTAY CONSTITUENCIES kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H BILASPU Koriya Tan SUGUJA JANJGI Ambikapur Kanher AIGAH Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h AJNANDGAON DUG Durg ajnandgaon KANKE AIPU - Kharun Dhamtari Kanker AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund MAHASAMUND Jonk SAANGAH O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur L E G E N D Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Aquifer Alluvium Granite - State Capital A N D H A P A D E S H BASTA Laterite Schist District Headquarters Chinta Sabari Basalt Sandstone Shale Quartzite Charnockite BGC State Boundary Drainage Waterbody Limestone Gneiss Parliamentary Constituency Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

22 Table 7: Population Census of Chhattisgarh Sl No District Name Males Females Total Density/sq. Km Decennial growth rate Sex ratio Bastar Bilaspur Bijapur Dantewara Dhamtari Durg Janjgir-Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Source: Census 2011

23 PLATE - VII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH POPULATION DENSITY kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur Aquifer Dantewada Alluvium Granite - State Capital Bijapur Laterite Schist District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary Chinta Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody Population Density (Pers/ sq.km. Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India <

24 Table 8: District wise Land Use S.N. District Name eserve Forest Protected Forest Other Forest Scrub & Grass Land Arable Land Total Area Bastar Bilaspur Bijapur Dantewara Dhamtari Durg Janjgir-Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Area in Sq km

25 PLATE - VIII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH LAND USE kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur Aquifer Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Alluvium Laterite Granite Schist - State Capital District Headquarters Basalt Quartzite State Boundary A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Sandstone Charnockite District Boundary Chinta Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody Landuse eserved Forest Other Forest Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Protected Forest Aerable Land Scrub and Grass Land

26 Table 9: District wise and Aquifer wise distribution of Exploratory Wells District Name Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total Bastar NA Bijapur 0 NA NA 0 0 Bilaspur NA NA NA Dantewada NA NA Dhamtari NA NA 0 16 NA 60 Durg NA Janjgi Champa NA NA NA NA Jashpur 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 54 NA 54 Kanker 0 0 NA NA 24 0 NA Kawardha NA Korba NA 24 0 NA NA 9 NA Koriya 0 9 NA NA NA NA NA Mahasamund NA 16 NA 8 0 NA NA Narayanpur NA NA NA NA aigarh NA NA NA 17 NA 88 aipur NA NA ajnandgaon NA NA 0 83 Surguja 0 34 NA NA NA 0 NA Total NA: Aquifer not available No Exploration has been done in Alluvium, Laterite and Quartzite

27 PLATE - IX AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GOUND WATE EXPLOATOY WELLS kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand J H A K H A N D M A H A A S H T A Koriya Ambikapur Jashpur Korba Bilaspur Kawardha Janjgir-Champa aigarh - AIPU Durg ajnandgaon Mahasamund Dhamtari Kanker Kotri M A D H Y A P A D E S H t S e o n a h Hanp Narayanpur Kharun Agar PAII M a h a n a d i Arpa Jonk Tan Hasdeo M a h a n a d i Barai O D I S H A Mand Kelo Kanher Ib I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Dantewada Narangi N Jagdalpur L E G E N D Bijapur Aquifer Sabari Alluvium Laterite Granite Schist - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary Shale BGC Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India A N D H A P A D E S H Limestone Gneiss Waterbody Exploratory Well

28 District Name Table 10: Aquifer wise Distribution of Ground Water Observation Wells Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite BGC Gneiss Total Number of observation wells DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz DW Pz Bastar NA NA Bijapur NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 1 Bilaspur NA NA NA NA Dantewada NA NA NA NA Dhamtari NA NA NA NA 9 4 NA NA Durg NA NA Janjgir-Champa NA NA NA NA NA NA Jashpur 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Kanker 1 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA Kawardha NA NA Korba NA. NA. NA NA 0 0 NA NA Koriya 20 6 NA NA NA. NA. NA NA NA NA NA NA Mahasamund 5 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA Narayanpur NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA aigarh NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 3 NA NA aipur NA NA NA NA ajnandgaon NA NA 4 1 Surguja 20 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0 NA NA Total

29 Kotri Berudi N I n d r a v a t i Chinta PAII Sabari Narangi N t S e o n a h Hanp Kharun Agar M a h a n a d i Arpa Jonk Hasdeo M a h a n a d i Mand Kelo Barai Banas Gopad Tan ihand Kanher Ib Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India M A D H Y A P A D E S H M A H A A S H T A O D I S H A A N D H A P A D E S H - AIPU kilometers UTTA PADESH J H A K H A N D Koriya Ambikapur Jashpur Korba Bilaspur Kawardha Janjgir-Champa aigarh Durg ajnandgaon Mahasamund Dhamtari Kanker Jagdalpur Dantewada Bijapur Narayanpur GOUND WATE OBSEVATION WELLS PLATE - X Dug Well Piezometer L E G E N D Alluvium BGC Gneiss Charnockite Quartzite Schist Granite Limestone Shale Sandstone Basalt Laterite Aquifer - State Capital District Headquarters State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Waterbody

30 Table 11: Depth to Water Level, Pre Monsoon, 2011 District Name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja All figures in m bgl

31 PLATE - XI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH DEPTH TO WATE LEVEL (PE-MONSOON kilometers UTTA PADESH JH ad KH A and ih p Go Banas H ES D Kanh er AN AD Koriya P Ambikapur YA M AD H Ib Tan Jashpur a Arp Korba ar Mand Hasdeo Ag np Ha Bilaspur Janjgir-Champa Kawardha Kelo Barai aigarh Mahanadi Kha run a - Durg AIPU Se o n nk Jo t h Mahasamund A H IS M O D MAHAASHTA II Dhamtari PA ah an ad i ajnandgaon Kot ri Kanker Narayanpur N gi ran Na In dr LEGEND av at in Berud i Jagdalpur Dantewada Aquifer D Sa ba N ri A H P ta A Ch in State Capital Granite Laterite Schist District Headquarters Basalt Quartzite State Boundary Sandstone Charnockite District Boundary Shale BGC Major Drainage Limestone Gneiss Waterbody A D E S DTW (m bgl H Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India - Alluvium Bijapur

32 Table 12: Depth to Water Level, Post Monsoon, 2011 District name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg , Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon 1.4 3, Surguja All figures in m bgl

33 PLATE - XII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH DEPTH TO WATE LEVEL (POST-MONSOON kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur Aquifer Dantewada Alluvium Granite - State Capital Bijapur Laterite Schist District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary Chinta Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody DTW (m bgl Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

34 Table 13: Seasonal Ground Water Level Fluctuation, May 2011 vs Nov 2011 District Name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja All figures in m

35 PLATE - XIII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GOUND WATE LEVEL FLUCTUATION (POST-MONSOON Vs PE-MONSOON kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur Aquifer Dantewada Alluvium Granite - State Capital Bijapur Laterite Schist District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary Chinta Shale BGC Limestone Gneiss Water level fluctuation (m Major Drainage Waterbody Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

36 Table 14: Ground Water Condition Sl No District Name Area (sq km 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewara Dhamtari Durg Janjgir- Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Condition Major parts of the district covered with gneiss and other crystalline aquifer, low yield potential and represented by high ground water gradient. Eastern part of the district is covered with limestone aquifer which is more potential in the district. Major parts of the district covered with gneiss and other crystalline rocks with low yield potential and represented by high ground water gradient. District is covered partly by crystalline aquifer and sedimentary aquifer. Sedimentary aquifer mainly consists of limestone and shale. Discharge potential of this aquifer is very high (upto 20 lps. Ground water gradient is very low. Major parts of the district covered with gneiss and other crystalline rocks having low yield potential and represented by high ground water gradient. Major part covered with granitic aquifer, yield potential ranges from 3 to 5 lps. Sedimentary formation is having high yield potential in the district. Northern part of the district is covered with sedimentary aquifer mainly consist of shale and limestone. Due to karstification, these aquifers are highly productive. About 50 % area of the district is covered with sedimentary formation and remaining part by crystalline aquifer. Yield potential of sedimentary formation is moderate. Entire district is covered with gneiss and basaltic aquifer. Yield potential of this formation is very low. Entire district is covered with granitic aquifer. Due to fracturing potential zones are developed in localized patches. A small portion of the district is covered with limestone and shale aquifer. Due to cavernous nature these formations are highly productive. emaining part is covered with schist and phyllite, which behaves as aquiclude. Major part of the area is covered with semi- consolidated sandstone and shale aquifer of Gondwana formation. Due to argillaceous nature, these formation are low productive. Major part of the district is covered with semi- consolidated shale and sandstone aquifer of the Gondwana formation. Due to argillaceous nature, these formations are less productive. Major part of the district is covered with granitic aquifer which is less productive. Eastern part of the district is covered with limestone, shale and sandstone aquifer of Chhattisgarh group which acts as potential aquifer in the district. Major parts of the district covered with gneiss and other crystalline rocks of low yield potential and represented by high ground water gradient. Major part of the district is covered with semi-consolidated shale and sandstone aquifer of Gondwana formation. Due to argillaceous nature, these formations are less productive. Southern part of the district is covered with shale aquifer of Chhattisgarh formation. Major part of the district is covered with granitic aquifer which is less productive. Northern part of the district is covered with limestone, shale and sandstone aquifer of the Chhattisgarh group which forms potential aquifer in the district. Major part of the District is covered with granitic aquifer which is less productive. Northern part of the district is covered with limestone and shale aquifer of the Chhattisgarh group which forms potential aquifer in the district Major part of the district is covered with semi consolidated shale and sandstone aquifer of Gondwana formation. Due to argillaceous nature, these formation are low productive. Total

37 PLATE - XIV AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH WATE TABLE ELEVATION kilometers UTTA PADESH M A D H Y A P A D E S H J H A K H A N D AIPU M A H A A S H T A O D I S H A Aquifer L E G E N D 550 Alluvium Granite - State Capital Laterite Basalt Schist Quartzite District Headquarters State Boundary 250 Sandstone Charnockite District Boundary 150 Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody A N D H A P A D E S H Water Table Elevation Contour (m amsl Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Ground Water Flow Direction

38 Table 15: Area affected by Salinity, Fluoride, Nitrate and Arsenic in Ground Water in different Districts of Chhattisgarh Sl No Parameters Name of districts (in parts 1 EC > 3000 µs/cm Nil 2 Fluoride (>1.5mg/litre Surguja,aipur,aigarh,Bastar,Bijapur and Koriya 3 Nitrate ( >45 mg/litre Korba, ajnandgaon, Durg, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur, Surguja, aigarh, aipur and Koriya 4 Arsenic (>0.05 mg/litre ajnandgaon

39 PLATE - XV AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GOUND WATE QUALITY kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand 500 M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur 500 1,000 Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur 500 Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar 1,500 2,000 Arpa Bilaspur 500 Hasdeo 1,500 Barai Mand Kelo aigarh 500 M a h a n a d i 1,000 1,000 M A H A A S H T A 1,000 1,000 t S e o n a h 500 ajnandgaon 1,500 - AIPU Kharun Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i 2,000 1,500 Mahasamund 500 1, Jonk O D I S H A 500 Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Bijapur 500 Jagdalpur Aquifer Alluvium Laterite Basalt Granite Schist Quartzite - State Capital District Headquarters State Boundary Sandstone Charnockite District Boundary A N D H A P A D E S H Chinta Sabari Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody 1000 Electrical Conductivity (micro-siemens/cm Nitrate > 45 mg/l Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Fluoride > 1.5 mg/l Arsenic >0.05 mg/l

40 S. N District Allu vial Table 16: Aquifer wise Stage of Ground Water Development Total SGWD Laterite SGWD Basalt SGWD Sandstonstone SGWD Shale SGWD Lime- SGWD Granite SGWD Schist SGWD Quart SGWD Charn SGWD BGC SGWD Gneiss SGWD area -zite ockite 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewad a Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - champa Jashpur Kawardha Korba Narayanpu r aigarh aipur ajnandga on Surguja Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Area in Sq km and SGWD-Stage of Ground Water Development in percentage

41 PLATE - XVI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH CATEGOIZATION OF GOUND WATE ASSESSMENT (SHALLOW AQUIFE kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur Aquifer Dantewada Alluvium Granite - State Capital Bijapur Laterite Schist District Headquarters A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary Chinta Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody Category Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Safe (<30% Safe (30% - 50% Safe (50% - 70% Semi-critical (>70% Source: - Dynamic Ground Water esource of India, 2009

42 District Name Major Aquifers (Area in Sq km Table 17: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Basalt Aquifer System Aquifer Properties Thickness of Basic - DTW Fractures Ultra Basics Basalt Aquifer Type of Weathered (Decadal Avg encountered Transmissivity Yield Specific Yield System Aquifer Zone BS01 BS02 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Bastar Single Unconfined to Semi-confined Quality (EC in µs/cm Bijapur Single Bilaspur 62.7 Single Unconfined Dantewada Single Unconfined Durg 1.3 Single Jashpur Single Unconfined, Semi-confined Unconfined, Semi-confined Kanker Single Unconfined Kawardha Single Unconfined Koriya 11.4 Single Unconfined Narayanpur Single Unconfined, Semi-confined aigarh 7.0 Single Unconfined ajnandgaon Single Unconfined, Semi-confined Surguja Single Unconfined Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level

43 Ib PLATE - XVII BASALT - AQUIFE SYSTEM AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH kilometers U. P. Banas Gopad ihand Jharkhand Koriya Kanher Ambikapur Jashpur M. P. Tan Hasdeo Arpa Korba Mand Hanp Agar Bilaspur Kawardha Janjgir-Champa Barai aigarh M a h a n a d i Kelo Jonk ajnandgaon S e o n a t h Durg Kharun aipur Dhamtari PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund Odisha Maharastra Kotri Kanker Narayanpur L E G E N D Narangi N Aquifers State Capital I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur Basalt (BS01 District Headquarters Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Basalt,Andesite (BS02 Drainage Water Body Andhra Pradesh Sabari District Boundary State Boundary Chinta Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

44 District Name Major Aquifer (Area in Sq km Bastar Single Bilaspur Single Dantewada Single Dhamtari Single Durg Single Janjgir Champa 75.3 Single Jashpur Single Kanker Single Kawardha Single Korba Single Koriya 30.0 Single Mahasamund Single Narayanpur Single aigarh Single aipur Single Table 18: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Banded Gneissic Complex Aquifer System Aquifer Properties Thickness of Fractures DTW BGC Aquifer Type of Weathered Transmissivity Yield encountered (Decadal Avg System Aquifer Zone BG01 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Surguja Single Unconfined to Semi confined Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level Specific Yield Quality (EC in µs/cm

45 PLATE - XVIII AQUIFE SYSTEM OF CHHATTISGAH BANDED GNEISSIC COMPLEX kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand aigarh Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e ajnandgaon n a h t Durg Kharun - Dhamtari Kanker AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Banded Gneissic Complex (BG01 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

46 PLATE - XIX AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GNEISS - AQUIFE SYSTEM kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar Hasdeo BILASPU JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Undifferentiated Metamorphics (GN01 Gneiss (GN02 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

47 District Name Major Aquifers (Area in sq km Gneiss Gneiss Aquifer System Table 19: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Gneiss Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Thickness of Weathered Zone Fractures Encountered Aquifer Properties DTW (Decadal Avg Transmissivity Yield Specific yield GN01 GN02 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Quality (EC in µs/cm Bastar Single Bijapur Single Bilaspur Single Dantewada Single Janjgir Champa Single Kanker Single Korba Single Narayanpur 98.0 Single ajnandgaon 14.9 Single Surguja 88.9 Single Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined Unconfined Semi confined

48 Table 20: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Sandstone Aquifer System Major Aquifers (Area in sq km Aquifer Properties District Name Sandstone with Shale Sandstone with coal beds Sandstone/ Conglomerate Sandstone with Shale Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Aquifer Thickness DTW (Decadal Avg Fractures encountered Transmissivity ST02 ST03 ST05 ST06 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Yield Specific Yield Quality (EC in µs/cm Bastar Single Unconfined Bijapur 61.3 Single Unconfined Bilaspur Single/ Multiple Unconfined Semi-confined Dantewada 92.4 Single Unconfined Dhamtari Single Unconfined Durg Single Unconfined Janjgir - Champa Single Unconfined Kanker 71.3 Single Unconfined Kawardha 6.9 Single Unconfined Korba Single/ Multiple Unconfined Semi-confined Koriya Single/ Multiple Unconfined Semi-confined Mahasamund Single Unconfined Narayanpur Single Unconfined aigarh Single Unconfined Semi-confined aipur Single Unconfined ajnandgaon Single Unconfined Surguja Single/ Multiple Unconfined Semi-confined Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level

49 PLATE - XX AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH SANDSTONE - AQUIFE SYSTEM kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand aigarh Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e ajnandgaon n a h t Durg Kharun - Dhamtari Kanker AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N I n d r a v a t i Jagdalpur Bijapur Berudi N Dantewada L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Sandstone with shale (ST02 Sandstone with shale/ coal bed (ST03 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta Sandstone with clay (ST04 Sandstone (ST05 Sandstone with shale (ST06 State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

50 District Nmae Shale, Limestone and Sandstone Major Aquifers (Area in Sq km Shale/ Shale with Sandstone Table 21: State wise Distribution and Characteristics of Shale Aquifer System Shale with Limestone Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Aquifer Thickness DTW (Decadal Avg Aquifer Properties Fractures encountered Transmissivity Yield Specific Yield SH03 SH05 SH06 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Quality (EC in µs/cm Bastar Single Bijapur Single Bilaspur Single Dantewada Single Dhamtari Single Durg Single Janjgir champa Single Jashpur 97.2 Single Kawardha Single Korba 81.5 Single Narayanpur Single aigarh Single aipur Single ajnandgaon Single Surguja 87.9 Single Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined Unconfined to Semi confined

51 PLATE - XXI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH SHALE - AQUIFE SYSTEM kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar Hasdeo BILASPU JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Shale, limestone and sandstone (SH03 Shale (SH04 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta Shale/ shale with limestone (SH05 Shale with limestone (SH06 State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

52 PLATE - XXII SHALE AQUIFE CHHATTISGAH BASIN AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH kilometers WADHA Hanp Agar BILASPU Maniyari Lilagar JANJGI - CHAMP Dhodgi N No Window Khorsi N Seonath. DUG ANDGAON Tandula DHAMTAI M a h a n a d i AIPU L E G E N D A Q U I F E S State Capital Observation Well Shale (SH05 District HQ District Boundary Drainage Piezometer Exploratory Well Depth to Water Level (m bgl 3-6 Shale with Limestone (SH Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India 9-12

53 kilometers AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH PLATE - XXIII Scale kilometers SUBSUFACE DISPOSITION OF SHALE AQUIFE Weathered mantle Fractured & Cavernous Basement L E G E N D Yield Potential (lps A Q U I F E S < CHHATTISGAH BASIN Shale (SH05 Shale with limestone (SH06 Meter Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

54 Table 22: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Limestone Aquifer System Major Aquifer (Area in sq km Aquifer Properties District Name Limestone/ Dolomite Limestone with Shale Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Thickness Zones encountered DTW (Decadal Avg Transmissivity Yield Specific Yield Quality (EC in µs/cm LS03 LS04 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Bastar Single Bijapur Single Bilaspur Single Dhamtari Single Durg Single Janjgir - Champa Single Kawardha Single Mahasamund Single aigarh Single aipur Single ajnandgaon Single Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Unconfined, Semi confined Total Area DT : Depth to Water Level, m bg : meters below ground level

55 Mand Ib PLATE -XXIV AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH LIMESTONE - AQUIFE SYSTEM kilometers U. P. Banas Gopad ihand Jharkhand Koriya Kanher Ambikapur Jashpur M. P. Tan Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Arpa Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun aipur Dhamtari PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund Odisha Maharastra Kanker Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Jagdalpur Aquifers Limestone/Dolomite (LS03 Limestone with shale (LS04 State Capital District Headquarters State Boundary District Boundary Sabari Drainage Andhra Pradesh Water Body Chinta Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India

56 Table 23: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Granite Aquifer System Major Aquifers (Area in sq km Aquifer Properties District Name Intrusive Acidic ocks Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Thickness of Weathered Zone Fractured Zones Encountered DTW (Decadal Avg Transmissivity Yield Specific Yield Quality (EC in µs/cm G02 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Bijapur Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Jashpur 69.7 Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Kanker Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Kawardha Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Mahasamund 18.3 Single Unconfined Semi-Confined ajnandgaon Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level

57 PLATE - XXV AUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GANITE - AQUIFE SYSTEM kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar BILASPU Hasdeo JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D A N D H A P A D E S H Aquifers Sabari Acidic rocks (G02 (Granite, hyolite and Tuff Charnockite (CK01 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

58 PLATE - XXVI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH ALLUVIUM AND LATEITE - AQUIFE SYSTEMS kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar Hasdeo BILASPU JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Alluvium (AL01 Laterite (LT01 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

59 PLATE - XXVII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH INTUSIVES kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar Hasdeo BILASPU JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Basic Intrusives (IN01 - State Capital District Headquarters Chinta State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Waterbody

60 Table 24: District wise Distribution and Characteristics of Schist Aquifer System Major Aquifers (Area in sq km Aquifer Properties District Name Phyllite Slate Aquifer System Type of Aquifer Thickness of Weathered Zone Fractures Encountered DTW (Decadal Avg Transmissivity SC02 SC03 m m bgl m bgl m 2 /day m 3 /day % Yield Specific Yield Quality (EC in µs/cm Bastar 2.4 Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Dhamtari Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Jashpur Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Kanker Single Unconfined Semi-Confined aipur Single Unconfined Semi-Confined ajnandgaon 7.3 Single Unconfined Semi-Confined Total Area DTW: Depth to Water Level, m bgl: meters below ground level

61 PLATE - XXVIII AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH CYSTALLINE - AQUIFE SYSTEM (QUATZITE, SCHIST AND KHONDALITE kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H KOIYA Tan AMBIKAPU Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D JASHPU Hanp Arpa KOBA KAWADHA Agar Hasdeo BILASPU JANJGI-CHAMPA Barai Mand AIGAH Kelo M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A o S e n a AJNANDGAON h t DUG Kharun - DHAMTAI KANKE AIPU PAII M a h a n a d i MAHASAMUND O D I S H A Kotri NAAYANPU Narangi N I n d r a v a t i JAGDALPU Berudi N BIJAPU DANTEWADA L E G E N D Aquifers A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Schist (SC01 Phyllite (SC02 - State Capital District Headquarters Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Chinta Slate (SC03 Quartzite (QZ01 Quartzite (QZ02 Khondalite (KH01 State Boundary District Boundary Major Drainage Waterbody

62 Table 25 : District wise and Aquifer wise Annual eplenishable echarge (m/yr Sl No District Name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnokite BGC Gneiss Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja

63 PLATE - XXIX AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH ANNUAL EPLENISHABLE ECHAGE kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H 1300 Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D 1500 Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i M A H A A S H T A 1100 t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund Jonk 1400 O D I S H A Kotri Narayanpur Narangi N L E G E N D I n d r a v a t i Berudi N Jagdalpur Aquifer Dantewada Alluvium Granite - State Capital Bijapur Laterite Schist District Headquarters 1300 Sabari Basalt Sandstone Quartzite Charnockite State Boundary District Boundary 1400 Chinta 1500 Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India A N D H A P A D E S H Unit echarge (m/yr < Isohyet in mm (IMD Normal Isohyets are adopted from IMD, Data (echarge - GW Estimation ; ainfall from IMD

64 Table 26: Aquifer wise Ground Water Management Plan Sl No Name of Aquifer Area covered Area Suitable for Artificial echarge Area Suitable for Development Area Suitable for Conservation Area % Area % Area % 1 Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total Area in Sq km

65 PLATE - XXX AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH GOUND WATE MANAGEMENT PLAN kilometers UTTA PADESH Banas Gopad ihand M A D H Y A P A D E S H Koriya Tan Ambikapur Kanher Ib J H A K H A N D Jashpur Arpa Korba Kawardha Hanp Agar Bilaspur Hasdeo Janjgir-Champa Barai Mand Kelo aigarh M a h a n a d i Jonk M A H A A S H T A t S e o n a h Durg ajnandgaon Kharun - AIPU Dhamtari Kanker PAII M a h a n a d i Mahasamund O D I S H A Kotri Narangi N L E G E N D Narayanpur Aquifer Alluvium Granite - State Capital Laterite Schist District Headquarters I n d r a v a t i Basalt Quartzite State Boundary Jagdalpur Sandstone Charnockite District Boundary Berudi N Bijapur Dantewada Shale Limestone BGC Gneiss Major Drainage Waterbody A N D H A P A D E S H Sabari Management plan Area Suitable for GW Development Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India Chinta Area ecommended for Artificial echarge Area proposed for water conservation and harvesting Area Suitable for GW Development with Suitable GW echarge Measure Area Suitable for development and Water Harvesting

66 Table 27: District wise Area Prioritized for Artificial echarge Sl No District Name Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total Area 1 Bastar Bijapur 3 Bilaspur Dantewada 5 Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Area Area in Sq km

67 Table 28: Area Delineated for Water Conservation and Harvesting Sl No District Name Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total Area 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Grand Total Area in Sq km

68 Table 29: Area Suitable for Ground Water Development Sl No District Name Alluvium Laterite Basalt Sandstone Shale Limestone Granite Schist Quartzite Charnockite BGC Gneiss Total Area 1 Bastar Bijapur Bilaspur Dantewada Dhamtari Durg Janjgir - Champa Jashpur Kanker Kawardha Korba Koriya Mahasamund Narayanpur aigarh aipur ajnandgaon Surguja Total Area in Sq km

69 PLATE - XXXI AQUIFE SYSTEMS OF CHHATTISGAH AQUIFE MANAGEMENT PLAN SHALE AQUIFE,CHHATTISGAH BASIN kilometers Maniyari KAWADHA Agar BILASPU Hanp Lilagar JANJGI - CHAMPA Dhodgi N Khorsi N No Window Seonath. DUG AJNANDGAON M a h a n a d i Tandula DHAMTAI AIPU L E G E N D State Capital District HQ District Boundary M A N A G E M E N T P L A N Area Suitable for Development Area Suitable for Development backed by Artificial echarge A Q U I F E S Shale (SH05 Shale with Limestone (SH06 Drainage Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh egion Ministry of Water esources Government of India