Textile Science and Clothing Technology. Series editor Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Transcription

1 Textile Science and Clothing Technology Series editor Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Kowloon, Hong Kong

2 More information about this series at

3 Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu Editor Green Composites Sustainable Raw Materials 123

4 Editor Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu SgT Group and API Hong Kong, Kowloon Hong Kong ISSN ISSN (electronic) Textile Science and Clothing Technology ISBN ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore , Singapore

5 This book is dedicated to: The lotus feet of my beloved Lord Pazhaniandavar My beloved late Father My beloved Mother My beloved Wife Karpagam and Daughters Anu and Karthika My beloved Brother Last but not least To everyone working in the textile sector to make it SUSTAINABLE

6 Contents Production of Green Composites from Various Sustainable Raw Materials... 1 Akshay C. Jadhav, Pintu Pandit, T. Nadathur Gayatri, Pravin P. Chavan and Nilesh C. Jadhav 1 Properties of Sustainable Raw Materials as Reinforcing Materials Composites Sustainable Fibres Used in Composite Necessity of Matrix and Its Role in Preparation of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite Surface Modification of Bast Fibres for Composite Materials Surface Modification Methods of Natural Fibres Physical Methods Chemical Methods Application of Sustainable Raw Materials as Green Composite Sustainable Green Composites from Natural Oil-Based Resins Sustainable Green Composites from Soy Protein-Based Resin Sustainable Green Composites from Polylactic Acid-Based Resin Sustainable Green Composites from Starch-Based Materials Some Novel Sustainable Lignocellulosic Fibres Used as Reinforcing Materials Fibres from Agave angustifolia Plant Fibres from Abelmoschus manihot Plant vii

7 viii Contents 5.3 Fibres from Sansevieria roxburghiana Plant Fibres from Pandanus odorifer Plant Challenges in Sustainable Composites Conclusions References Production of Sustainable Green Concrete Composites Comprising Industrial Waste Carpet Fibres Hossein Mohammadhosseini and Mahmood Md. Tahir 1 Introduction General Appraisal Background Waste Carpet Fibres Types and Sources of Waste Carpet Carpet Fibre Recycling Technology Concrete Composites Incorporating Waste Carpet Fibres Fresh Properties Hardened Properties Microstructural Analysis Applications Conclusions References Environmentally Benign and Sustainable Green Composites: Current Developments and Challenges A. M. Mhatre, A. S. M. Raja, Sujata Saxena and P. G. Patil 1 Introduction Composites Matrix Materials Reinforcing Materials Advantages and Limitations of Composites Effect of Composites and Their Materials on the Environment Impact of Different Composite Materials on the Environment Impact of Composites Environmentally Harmless Green Composites Green Composite Reinforcements and Matrix Processing Aspects of Green Composites Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Green Composites Attributes of Green Composites Conclusion and Future Prospects References... 87