Air Quality Monitoring in Dakar, Senegal. By Aminata Mbow DIOKHANE Centre de Gestion de la Qualité de l Air (CGQA) 27 June 2018

Transcription

1 Air Quality Monitoring in Dakar, Senegal By Aminata Mbow DIOKHANE Centre de Gestion de la Qualité de l Air (CGQA) 27 June 2018

2 Senegal Overview Senegal is located in the western most part of Africa s Sahel region. National territory spanning is 196,722 km² Population is estimated at 15.3 million 46.5% of which live in urban zones Senegal is bounded by: Atlantic ocean in west Mauritania in north and east Mali in east Guinea and Guinea Bissau in south The capital city DAKAR occupies only 550 km2 (0.3% of the country total area) but : Concentrates most of the economic activities A population of 3.5 million 330,125 registered vehicles 70% of the industrial plants

3 Air Quality Monitoring Center Background Air quality center created within the framework of the Urban Mobility Improvement Program (PAMU) implemented by CETUD (ministry of transport) Setup of five monitoring stations in the city of Dakar in November 2009 The number of stations raised to 6 in November 2017 thanks to the Support Project for Transport and Urban Mobility (PATMUR) implemented by CETUD Continuous measurement using fixed monitoring stations with ambient air analyzers Mobile laboratory with analyzers which enable to measure in areas not covered by the fixed stations

4 Monitored pollutants and health effects Station name Station type Parameters SO 2 NOx NO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 O 3 CO BTX 1 Bd. République Urban roadside X X X X X X X 2 Médina Suburban roadside 3 HLM 4 Urban background X X X X X X X X X 4 Bel Air Urban industrial X X X X X X 5 Yoff Regional background 6 Guédiawaye Suburban roadside X X X X X X X X X X X

5 Air Quality Index Air Quality Levels of Colors The AQI = index for reporting daily air Index (AQI) Health quality: values Concern - how clean or polluted is the air, - Indicate associated health concerns When the air as you should be aware of. quality symbolized AQI is in this conditions by this range are: color: 0 50 Good Green Moderate yellow Unhealthy Orange > 200 Very Unhealthy Red

6 Air pollution episodes December 2017 Yoff Médina HLM Bel Air High PM concentrations PM 10 maximum values exceeded 800 micrograms per cubic meter in most of the measurement Source MEDD/DEEC/CGQA 23 december 2017 Cathédrale stations «Red»AQI which means very unhealthy air quality Everyone may experience health effects of air pollution

7 Air pollution episodes Particulate pollution episode on December 2017 Alert message published online and sent to the press and hospitals «The air quality for today is very unhealthy (Red Index). Deserts particulates concentrations started increasing yersterday. This situation could last for the next 72 hours.» Healthcare professionals contribute to health recommendations «Children, people with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, the elderly, should remain vigilant and contact a physician if needed.»

8 Air pollution mainly due to particles Annual mean PM concentrations ( ) WHO : 20 µg/m 3 Sen.: 80 µg/m 3 WHO : 10 µg/m 3 Exceed WHO and Senegalese guidelines

9 Seasonality of air pollution peaks Poor air quality during the dry season (mid- November to April) Good air quality during the rainy season (May to October)

10 Impact of traffic on air quality Highest PM and NO2 concentrations are observed during peak hour traffic Particles chemical sampling to assess the share of road transport in air pollution

11 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: Car inspection improvement Ensure vehicles component meet the security requirements Modern car inspection center with vehicles exhaust gas analyzers to meet the standards Measurement campaigns using portable analyzers

12 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: Renewal of public transport fleet Obsolescence of the fleet of coaches and taxis (average age of 28 years) Congestion, pollution and insecurity

13 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: New roads and infrastructure Building of new roads with wide sidewalks bus terminals, railway infrastructure, road safety enforcement Reduce congestion and increase traffic speed

14 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: The BRT project CURRENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK : Speeds will be reduced 10% between 2013 et 2020 BRT suggests : Goes through most densely populated and congested areas

15 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: The BRT project REFERENCE 2020 : 57% Residents of Dakar will be able to move down-town in 60 minutes using public transport 46% of poor people SCENARIO WITH BRT 2020 : 69% of the whole residents 55% of poor people ~50% of poor residents will have access to more than > 8,000 supplementary jobs Increase in employment opportunities accessible in 1 hour with public transport (1 PP = 8,000 JOBS)

16 Urban Mobility program promoting air quality: The TER project Objectives Setup a Regional Express Train (Train Express Régional TER) to deserve Diamniadio urban center, AIBD airport and the Special Economic Zone Urban mobility improvement and structuration of urbanization

17 Green secondary cities program Objective of the initiative: Guidelines for green secondary cities development Roadmap for implementation in 3 pilot secondary cities from 2017 among these urban pole of Diamniadiao Located 30 km from south-west of Dakar and 15 minutes from the new AIBD airport Promoting energy efficiency, sustainable transport, green spaces, etc.

18 Thank you! Aminata Mbow Diokhané CGQA