What does Icelandic sustainable building approach need to include?

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1 What does Icelandic sustainable building approach need to include? Experiences from current BREEAM projects Harpa Birgisdóttir, SBi

2 BREEAM projects in Iceland 3 public buildings registered for BREEAM certification in Iceland in Visitor center in Vatnajökull national park Center for Icelandic studies at the University of Iceland Visitor center in Snæfellsjökull national park

3 Visitor center in Snæfellsjökull national park Location: Hellissandur Population 500 (app for Snæfellsbær) Distance to: Reykjavík 230 km Visitor center in Vatnajökull national park Location: Fljótsdalshreppur population 366 Distance to: Reykjavík >600 km Egilsstaðir (app inhabitants) 40 km. Center for Icelandic studies Location in Reykjavík: Population app

4 Background for BREEAM in Iceland Cultural Policy in the Field of Construction issued by the Ministry of Education in April 2007 The policy addresses issues like: The cohabitation of man and nature buildings constructed in untouched land should not undermine the part of nature in the overall view decisions made in the planning stage should be based on life cycle costing The state should be a leader regarding sustainability and environmental perspectives and set ambitious goals The projects are all administered by the Government Construction Contracting Agency who administers governmental construction projects as well as consulting on technical matters, procurement and preparation of projects

5 Experiences from the projects Main challenges? The projects were registered early in the BREEAM International process (autumn 2008-spring 2009) Type of buildings and location The abundance of renewable energy (hydropower and geothermal) and cold water and large lightly populated area put some of the requirements in different perspective Using general requirements for Europe the requirements were not adapted to Iceland

6 Examples of issues of concern in the projects Pol 5: Flood risk Land use & Ecology Pollution Management Man 2: Considerate Constructors Waste Health & Wellbeing Hea 13: Acoustic performance Mat 1, 2 and 6: Green guide for materials produced with low carbon energy Mat 3: Reuse of building façade Mat 4: Reuse of building structure Materials Water Water in general Wat 5: Water recycling Transport Energy Energy in general Ene 1: Reduction of CO 2 emissions Ene 5: Low or zero carbon technologies Tra 1: Provision of public transport Tra 3: Cyclist facilities

7 Energy in Iceland 72% of total energy consumption derived from hydroelectric and geothermal sources And almost 100% in electricity and house heating CO 2 emissions from electricity production Tonn CO 2 ígildi/gwst World Energy Council Landsvirkjun , , Coal Natural gas Solar power Wind power Nuclear power Geothermal Hydro Average Landsvirkjun

8 Ene 1: Reduction of CO 2 emissions - 15 credits Modeling of energy consumption and CO2 emissions and credits given for the improvement according to current standards Ene 5: Low or zero carbon technologies - 3 credits On-site or near site energy generation Global warming impacts in the life time of a building CO 2 emissions from electricity production 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Energy based on coal Iceland Operation and maintenance Construction Tonn CO 2 ígildi/gwst , World Energy Council 4 2 5,59 Coal Natural Solar gas power Wind power Nuclear power GeothermalHydro Average Landsvirkjun

9 Energy Ene 1: Reduction of CO 2 emissions - 15 credits Credit aim: To recognize and encourage buildings that are designed to minimize the CO 2 emissions associated with their operational energy consumption There are 3 options of achieving the credits 2 by using energy modeling, where national model does not yet exist Using checklist giving maximum possibility of 10 points By using the checklist the buildings easaly get 8 points by doing as usual Suggestions from Iceland were to adjust the credit for Iceland so that it would both encourage lowering the energy consumption of buildings BUT at the same time awarding for having the energy consumption of buildings with almost 100% renewable low carbon energy

10 Energy, Ene 5: Low or zero carbon technologies - 3 credits Credit aim: To reduce carbon emissions and atmospheric pollution from renewable sources to supply a significant proportion of the energy demand Here it was pointed out for BRE that CO 2 emissions from other LZC technologies would not necessary be lower than for the Icelandic energy grid Would it be more sustainable to burn wood or importing solar panels than using the Icelandic grid? Conclusion: Buildings located in countries where the energy strategy is heavily reliant on renewable technologies: Proving that introduction of other LZC technologies would actually have an adverse effect on CO 2 emissions for the site

11 Transport Tra 1: Provision to public transport 4-5 credits Requires scheduled busses every 5-30 minutes Vatnajökull national park No scheduled public transport Staff Maximum 5 people? Visitors will come in private or rented cars In tourist busses, mainly from cruises Hellissandur national park Scheduled public transport every day from Reykjavík, arrivals at least 9 times a week

12 Transport Tra 1: Provision to public transport 4-5 credits The aim should be kept in mind BUT Public transport each 5-30 minutes would increase the environmental impacts Our suggestion was that the criteria has to be scaled down for rural areas: Reykjavík approach similar to other European cities Icelandic rural approach scaled down

13 Materials Mat 1, 2, 5 and 6: Green Guide and responsible sourcing Green guide includes data on the environmental impacts of building materials LCA database for materials CO2 and more Requirements on responsible sourcing of materials EXAMPLE on Icelandic rockwool compared to imported insulation materials.

14 Examples of issues of concern in the projects Pol 5: Flood risk Land use & Ecology Pollution Management Man 2: Considerate Constructors Waste Health & Wellbeing Hea 13: Acoustic performance Mat 1, 2 and 6: Green guide for materials produced with low carbon energy Mat 3: Reuse of building façade Mat 4: Reuse of building structure Materials Water Water in general Wat 5: Water recycling Transport Energy Energy in general Ene 1: Reduction of CO 2 emissions Ene 5: Low or zero carbon technologies Tra 1: Provision of public transport Tra 3: Cyclist facilities

15 Conclusion BREEAM from the Project Owners View (GCCA) Pros The system offers an excellent checklist for good design Requires more discussion between architects and engineers, especially in the early stages Decisions are made earlier in the design process Is an excellent addition to the quality assurance system Cons: The system has not been adjusted to Icelandic reality Access to cold water and green energy Public transport in rural areas The use of construction material and methods Examples given here perhaps not characteristic for issues of importance in Denmark Bottom line is that it is important that the requirements increases sustainability in the built environment in the country where it is used and that there are not to many questionable requirements