Improved Wind Turbine Efficiency using Synchronized Sensors

Transcription

1 Improved Wind Turbine Efficiency using Synchronized Sensors 26/03/2015 Uwe Schmidt Paulsen Oscar Moñux Claus Brian Pedersen Karen Enevoldsen

2 Project objective & overview To improve the efficiency of wind turbine and wind turbine farms using synchronized sensors on wind turbines, their wings, and in wind fields. The technology is used in development, test, modeling, and active control of both wind turbines and wind turbine farms, thus optimizing their efficiency, life span, durability, and noise emissions while lowering production costs and increasing reliability. Demonstration of: 1) an inflow wind measurement sensor suitable for wing mounting, and 2) a lightweight, electronic device SyncBoard providing precision transducer synchronization and A/D conversion, data storage, and communications. DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark EUDP aerial sensor

3 Project objective & overview To improve the efficiency of wind turbine and wind turbine farms using synchronized sensors on wind turbines, their wings, and in wind fields. The technology is used in development, test, modeling, and active control of both wind turbines and wind turbine farms, thus optimizing their efficiency, life span, durability, and noise emissions while lowering production costs and increasing reliability. Demonstration of: 1) an inflow wind measurement sensor suitable for wing mounting, and 2) a lightweight, electronic device SyncBoard providing precision transducer synchronization and A/D conversion, data storage, and communications. Design calibration testing 500kW WT final reporting Meetings month DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark EUDP aerial sensor

4 What is inflow sensor A robust transducer which measures the instantaneous inflow Flow correlated with other signalssynchronized in time (e.g. trailing edge noise, electrical power) 1990 HAAM Have capabilities to measure statistics Adds on: rotor blade azimuth angle & speed Indicates yaw error, no-good rotor blade settings.. Nice: Insensitive to hazards, Lightning, Rain/impact Cheap technology Siemens 2.3MW DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark EUDP aerial sensor

5 What is inflow sensor A robust transducer which measures the instantaneous flow in front of the rotor blade Flow correlated with other signalssynchronized in time (e.g. trailing edge noise, electrical power) Have capabilities to measure statistics Adds on: rotor blade azimuth angle & speed Indicates yaw error, no-good rotor blade settings.. HAAM Nice: Insensitive to hazards, Lightning, Rain/impact Cheap technology Siemens 2.3MW DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark EUDP aerial sensor

6 What is required Technology: dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger:processor & add-on transducers WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5m/s-±1m/s, angle<0.1 Operating range -25 m/s, Solution 5-hole pitot(mhp -pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless technology UAV presission(20-40 ms -1) σ WS 0.02 m/s angle 0.01 Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Weather proof(sealed, ventilated) Competitive technologies Nacelle/spinner Lidar LIDIC new technology $$$$ MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, WIFI) into small space at low power consumption KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 6 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

7 What is required Technology:dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger with processor & add-on WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5%-±1%, angle<1 o Solution 5-hole pitot(pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless technology Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Competitive technologies Nacelle Lidar LIDIC $$$$ MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, WIFI) into small space and low power consumption KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 7 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

8 What is required Technology:dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger with processor & add-on WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5%-±1%, angle<1 o Solution 5-hole pitot(pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless technology Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Competitive technologies Nacelle Lidar LIDIC $$$$ MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, WIFI) into small space and low power consumption KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 8 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

9 What is required Technology:dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger with processor & add-on WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5%-±1%, angle<1 o Solution 5-hole pitot(pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless technology Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Competitive technologies Nacelle Lidar LIDIC $$$$ MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, WIFI) into small space and low power consumption KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 9 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

10 What is required Technology:dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger with processor & add-on WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5%-±1%, angle<1 o Solution 5-hole pitot(pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless Thin technology Line Pressure Transducer KuLite Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Competitive technologies Nacelle Lidar LIDIC $$$$ KuLite FAP-250 () MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, MEMS Silicone pressure WIFI) into small space and low power consumption transducer(sensortechnics) KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 10 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

11 What is required Technology:dynamic pressure to wind speed Datalogger with processor & add-on WiFi Accuracy& precision σ WS ±0.5%-±1%, angle<1 o Solution 5-hole pitot(pneumatic) Synch board, Rasperry pi.. Wireless Thin technology Line Pressure SONIC(Cambell) Transducer KuLite Wind tunnel calibration (90 m/s) Competitive technologies Nacelle Lidar LIDIC $$$$ KuLite FAP-250 () MEMS: combining several functionalities(acoustic, optical, vibrational, thermal, MEMS Silicone pressure WIFI) into small space and low power consumption transducer(sensortechnics) KuLIte absolute pressure transducers 11 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

12 Transducer replacement for traditional sensors: Strain gauge List of sensors: System 1 Aerial board - Strain gauges - GPS System 2 Aerial board - Wind turbine power - GPS System 3: Aerial board - Pitot with pressure transducers - Temperature sensor - GPS Power 12 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

13 Position of pitot disturbed undisturbed 13 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

14 Project goals/what we worked on DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

15 Project goals/what we worked on 1 DELTA SYNCHBOARD DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

16 History First Prototype(34x25x4 cm) ADIS (3D gyro, 3D acceleration, 3D magnetometer) Power supply 3x4 Ch NI DAQ modules FPGA processor GPS Board GPS Antenna NAS 16 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

17 Aerial board NI Prototype trial High reduction of Size and weight: 2.55Kg GPS Pressure Transducers I2c FPGA 17 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

18 Project goals/what we worked on 1 2 Blade mounting DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

19 Aerial board NI Prototype trial High reduction of Size and weight: 2.55Kg GPS Pressure Transducers I2c FPGA 19 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

20 Aerial board NI Prototype trial High reduction of Size and weight: 2.55Kg Easy mounting O&M GPS Pressure Transducers I2c FPGA 20 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

21 Pitot 1 st measurement campaign - combining online signals data base from Nordtank system and Pitot system - GPS worked. Synchronization Turbine -aerial sensor was not used 21 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

22 Project goals/what we worked on Power Supply/energy harvesting 22 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

23 Energy harvesting Different prototypes. Two different approaches: Solar panels: flexible up to X m^2 Propellers: several tested: Power Noise Emission 23 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

24 Harvesting power from wind 24 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

25 Project goals/what we worked on Calibration: wind tunnel 25 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

26 Set of pre-tests: Main goal: calibrate the blower and get the best design Assessment of the wind profile Calibration test performed with a laser scanner Test cm from the outlet Test 2. Center and adapters outlet Test 3 to 5. Profiles at the adapters outlet Calibration without the Aluminum transition piece Test 6. Profiles of the blower outlet Laser 10% 26 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

27 Set of pre-tests: Main goal: calibrate the blower and get the best design Assessment of the wind profile Calibration test performed with a laser scanner Test cm from the outlet Test 2. Center and adapters outlet Test 3 to 5. Profiles at the adapters outlet Calibration without the Aluminum transition piece Test 6. Profiles of the blower outlet Laser 27 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

28 Calibration Blower Need to develop our blower for calibrating the measurement devices at high speeds (85m/s) The calibration methodology will be developed for Ma around DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

29 Stability Uniform, symmetrical wind profile over exit Turbulence intensity 0.15% at 90 m/s Jet core down stream ~5D Traversing the core area at different lateral and transverse positions Tube vibrating-reinforcement with annular tube Distance to Mark blower in cm traverse X X X X X X X X X prandtl pitot DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

30 Calibration results Assessment of the wind profile of the fan Calibration test performed to 50Hz with Furness Calibration test performed to 77Hz data Speed increasing x DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

31 Characteristics-Roll-plane DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

32 Characteristics-Pitch-plane DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

33 Correct the pressures P 16, P 45, P 23, P 6 Depending on C alpha or C betha the angle will be determined and the pressures will be accordingly corrected Obtain Wind speed in pitot Pressures and Temperatures needed Formulae will be described Correct the speed at the pitot head on a space point Formulation on the triangle of speeds Get the real speed V free Correction of the azimuth angles, accelerations.. Extrapolate the speeds to a reference speed u mean from here it is possible to determine the power performance u = γ R T measured T measured 1 Ma = γ R 2 γ 1 K 1 Ma2 Ma γ 1 K Ma = v local /c air ~0.3 K recovery factor DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

34 Uncertainty ζ x,y,z,frequency = 1 u ζ0,0,1.5d,frequency 2 u αci = α Ci q pitot α Ci q pitot α Ci q pitot α Ci q lateral 2 α Ci q lateral α Ci z α Ci z q prandtl q contraction x, y, z, frequency + ζ offset = u qpitot + α Ci q lateral 1 1 u qpitot u qlateral 2 1 u qpitot u 1 z u qlateral u 1 z uqlateral + α Ci x α Ci q lateral α Ci q lateral α Ci q pitot α Ci x α Ci ψ α Ci x 2 ux 2 + α Ci y 1 u qpitot u 1 x 2 1 u qlateral u 1 x + 2 u 1 q lateral u 1 ψ 2 2 uy 2 + α Ci z α Ci q pitot α Ci α Ci q lateral y α Ci q pitot 2 uz 2 + α Ci ψ α Ci ψ α Ci y 2 uα u qpitot u 1 y 2 1 u qlateral u 1 y + 2 u 1 1 q pitot u ψ u α 2 = π π π π rad e π π = This is equivalent to 1.5 in Roll which as being the maximum will be considered as the uncertainty in that direction 34 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

35 Project goals/what we worked on Testing 500 kw NTK 4 35 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

36 Pitot measurement campaign of 2 hours. Some results. Raw signal Absolute pressure Cut-in accelerations triangle Pitot Pressures 36 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

37 Status Next Actions Hands on 5-hole Pitot(MHP) Hands-on pneumatic MEMS transducers R&D on response σws ~ 0.18 ms -1 (60 ms -1) σ angle 1.5 Installed on 500 kw WT Tests (inflow) range:hours Cost ~ dkk Systems calibration in wind tunnel Experience on uncertainty New wind tunnel 90 m/s wind speed Reasonable turbulence Symmetrical wind speed profile NI board experience Lab model To do turbine test (noise & inflow) range:days systems calibration in wind tunnel New applications-blade sensor? Need for board with all functional requirements as per project (4 HS channels, 8 AD channels, functional & remote data transmission) Student projects for progress development? PhD associated in the use of blade sensor Board upgrade Faster, more powerfull processor More signals Dissemination Article: the story and the results 37 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

38 Perspectives Wireless technology/remote data transmission online user interaction( rotor blades and - power checks) Electrical(Power curve), structural (loads, dynamics) measurements MEMS technology integration with multiple functionalities Noise measurements System installed on 2 rotor blades or more, windfarms Other applications Horizontal-axis wind turbines(o&m) Vertical-axis wind turbines(power, O&M..) Civil engineering(bridges) Signals correlation in new context(optical,..) 38 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

39 Conclusion commercial Prototype synchboard + power curve 39 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

40 Thank you 40 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark