Introduction. Building Sustainability. Renuka Thakore, PhD student

Transcription

1 Introduction 1 Building Sustainability Renuka Thakore, PhD student

2 FOSTERING ENERGY EFFICIENCY DYNAMICS THROUGH EX-ANTE STRATEGIC NICHE MANAGEMENT: THE UK PERSPECTIVE. 05/07/2017 Renuka Thakore and Jack Goulding

3 Purpose 3 Multi-level Socio-Technical Regime for Construction/Retrofitting Analysis of the Green Deal dynamics Contribution to the Strategic Niche Management literature

4 4 Multi-level Socio-Technical regime Socio-Technical regime for Building/Retrofitting Multi-level perspective Strategic Niche Management Energy providers & infrastructure Regulations and policies (e.g. The Climate Change Act; The Energy Act 2011; The Green Deal) Maintenance, repairing & retrofitting (e.g. boiler; building infrastructure; roof & wall insulation) Building experts and service providers Socio-technical system for Buildings Building material and supply chain (e.g. cement; timber) Economic, social and cultural values Ecology and biodiversity Markets and user practices (e.g. green buildings; social and private ownership)

5 Socio-Technical regime 5 Energy providers & infrastructure Regulations and policies (e.g. The Climate Change Act; The Energy Act 2011; The Green Deal) Maintenance, repairing & retrofitting (e.g. boiler; building infrastructure; roof & wall insulation) Building experts and service providers Socio-technical system for Buildings Building material and supply chain (e.g. cement; timber) Economic, social and cultural values Ecology and biodiversity Markets and user practices (e.g. green buildings; social and private ownership) Adapted from Geels (2005b).

6 Socio-Technical Regime in Building 6 Reduced environmental impact Energy efficiency Dimensions & Orientation Construction/ Reconstruction Policies Accessible for all Safety Building codes Size and Scale Financial assistance scheme Prices and supply in the building materials market Economic conditions Comfort Norms & Standards Housing designs Construction/ Retrofitting in Building Industry Construction technologies Multidisciplinary experts Environmental impact Culture Planning Climatic Conditions Local expertise Training Local building practices Local governments Local communities Building Industry Global knowledge Best practices Architects Engineers Chartered surveyors Builders

7 Multiple levels perspective 7 Macro Meso Micro Source: Geels (2002).

8 A dynamic multi-level perspective 8 Source: Geels (2002).

9 Factors for failure 9 Lack of technical stability Weak regulatory framework Societal preferences and values Lack of demand Inappropriate infrastructure for maintenance Unknown impacts of new technologies Source: Kemp et al. (1998)

10 Voicing and Shaping 10 Expectations & Promises Requirements Adapted from Kemp et al. (1998), Kemp and Rotmans (2001), and Geels (2002).

11 Networking 11 MACR0-LEVEL (Landscape) MESO LEVEL (regimes) EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS MICRO LEVEL Adapted from Kemp et al. (1998), Kemp and Rotmans (2001), and Geels (2002).

12 Learning 12 Users Experts Results First Order Learning Second Order Learning Adapted from Kemp et al. (1998), Kemp and Rotmans (2001), and Geels (2002).

13 13 The Green Deal dynamics Driver: Climate Change Modus Operandi CO 2, Methane, Halocarbons, NO x, Soot

14 Climate Change 14 CO 2, Methane, Halocarbons, NO x, Soot Growth in Population, agriculture & animal husbandry Technological and Medical advances Source: Crutzen (2002); Wilbanks et al. (2003); Bierbaum et al. (2007); IPCC (2007); Moser (2012).

15 Measures and Challenges 15 UK: Climate Change Act 80% by 2050; Zero emission buildings by 2050; 87% of existing building will require extensive retrofitting Energy Act 2011 (OPSI, 2011) The Green Deal Source: UNEP (2009); DECC (2009); DECC (2010); DCLG (2010); European Union (2010); Boardman, 2007;

16 The Green Deal 16 The Building Directive Energy Performance Certificates Golden Rule The savings in the energy bills resulted from installing energy efficiency measures should equate the cost of implementing those measures Source: European Union (2010); Boardman, 2007

17 The Green Deal MODUS OPERANDI 17 Green Deal Providers Installers Retrofit and Replicate: 80,000 funding; 80% CO 2 emissions Home Energy Conservation Act 1995; Local Councils: cut residential energy consumption by 30% and report annually UNFCCC, 1992: Stabilization of GHG emissions; Kyoto Protocol: Reduce 5.2% GHG emissions between 2008 & 2012 Hokkaido Summit, G8: Reduce 50% GHG emissions by ,000 Jobs by 2015 Consumers Decent Homes: 40 billion funding & 1.1 m homes upgraded to Decent Homes Standard Socio-political & Bio-physical systems problem: Climate Change MACR0-LEVEL (Landscape) National targets for UK 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050; Low carbon economy; Employment boom; Energy Security; Reduced risk to Climate Change GREEN DEAL GOV. POLICY & VOLUNTARY MECHANISM MESO LEVEL (regimes) EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS MICRO LEVEL (niche practices) Housing market renewal pathfinders; 1.2 billion; refurbishment of poor home owners EU Spring Council: Reduce20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels; October 2008 EU Council: 80% to 90% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels; European Council Meeting 2008: 20% reduction, EU ETS, 20% increase in renewable energy by 2020, CSC technology 14 million households & business will become energy efficient Energy Company Support 1000 Green Deal apprentices Accredited Accessors Approved Product Suppliers Warm Front Scheme (England): 2.3 m homes upgraded for energy efficiency Solar thermal and wind turbine installations: match funding by the council & government to isolated private households

18 The Green Deal challenges 18 The Green Deal prerequisite golden rule No upfront cost No guarantee for actual cash savings Actual cash savings subjected to The users awareness Practices, and Sense of ownership and responsibility

19 The Green Deal challenges 19 Implementation subjected to Preferences Affordability Technical specifications The local social-technical niche. Not a easy choice Voluntary

20 The way forward 20 Beyond the locked-in characteristic Profound changes New characteristics Source: Farmer and Guy (2005); Guy (2006); Lovell et al., (2009); Rip and Kemp (1998); Geels (2002).

21 New characteristic 21 Socio-Technical Regime Lighting Building fabric Heating, ventilation & air conditioning Water heating Microgeneration Natural lighting, Ventilation & Spatial organization Reduced environmental impact Accessible for all Safety Energy efficiency Building codes Dimensions & Orientation Size and Scale Construction/ Reconstruction Policies Financial assistance scheme Climate Change Act 2008 Prices and supply in the building materials market Economic conditions Energy Provider Installer Comfort Norms & Standards Housing designs Construction/ Retrofitting in Building Industry Construction technologies Multidisciplinary experts Green Deal Provider Assessor Environmental impact Culture Planning Climatic Conditions Local expertise Training Supplier Keys EXISTING REGIME COMPONENTS Local building practices Local governments Local communities Building Industry Global knowledge Best practices NEW REGIME COMPONENTS Architects Engineers Chartered surveyors Builders

22 Stakeholder engagement 22 Sustainable targets Sustainable lifestyles Businesses Users Regulators Suppliers Targets Directives Sustainable products

23 23 Conclusion Summary

24 Summary 24 Climate change 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050 The Green Deal Contributes towards SNM literature

25 Conclusion 25 The Green Deal Potential to contribute Role of stakeholders Second order learning Full stakeholders engagement Greater granularity

26 26 Questions