DecisionXpress. Petrophysical evaluation system

Transcription

1 DecisionXpress Petrophysical evaluation system

2 pplications asing, drilling-ahead, and sidetracking decisions Mechanical and percussion sidewall coring planning Pressure-measurement and reservoir-fluid sampling planning Drillstem testing operations ompletion strategies Sensitivity analysis enefits Reduced costs through better and earlier decisions Risk minimization and cost optimization for testing, sampling, and completion strategies Robust petrophysical evaluation in siliciclastics Quantitative mineralogy, porosity, and water saturation Identification of porous and permeable zones Movable fluid determination Qualitative producibility Net-to-gross pay indication Log data and interpretation product quality control Realization of the full potential of Schlumberger data acquired Fast, nearly automatic log interpretation for completion decisions Operators require fast, objective, and reliable log interpretation to help make completion decisions. nearly automatic service for processing data from modern spectroscopy and conventional logging tools is the answer. There has long been a need for a petrophysical answer, comprising at least porosity and water saturation, in real time or within a few hours of logging. ttempts to provide such a product have been hampered by the necessity of defining numerous parameters and well zonations manually. That process required the timely availability of a skilled interpreter or an established database for the reservoir or formation. preferable approach is to determine as many parameters as possible automatically. With the introduction of elemental concentration logs and SpectroLith quantitative lithology processing, mineralogy and matrix parameters can be derived automatically with greater accuracy and with much less subjectivity than possible with conventional, time-consuming techniques using only triple-combo logs. The number of input parameters required is therefore reduced dramatically, to only formation water salinity in the optimum case. Using detailed petrophysical evaluation available only minutes after logging, key decision-makers can collaborate from anywhere in the world with secure Web-based access. Features Highly automated; minimum user input required Quantitative lithology from SpectroLith* processing Quality control for tool operation and measurement Matrix-corrected porosity Waxman-Smits water saturation equation Interactive parameter selection from crossplots, histograms, and log displays Reservoir properties calculated by zone Log SII Standard (LS) file generation PDF printing capability Interactive plot for selection of sidewall core, pressure, and fluid sampling points

3 Get petrophysical interpretation within minutes after logging at the wellsite or anywhere else it s needed. The DecisionXpress service integrates data from the Platform Express* integrated wireline logging tool and unique ES* Elemental apture Spectroscopy services in a powerful interpretation software program. The stand-alone, P-based DecisionXpress Viewer application provides rapid data visualization and reprocessing capabilities with minimal user inputs, and it delivers a robust petrophysical evaluation in sand-shale reservoirs through the secure Webbased InterT* real-time monitoring and data delivery system. pplications include planning of coring and sampling operations; decisions for casing, drilling ahead, or sidetracking; and the design of completion strategies. The basis for the DecisionXpress service Fundamental to the new DecisionXpress solution are the mineralogy and matrix properties derived from ES-measured elemental concentrations and SpectroLith processing. This information removes most of the subjectivity in conventional log interpretation and supports accurate and consistent evaluation results. t each depth level the processing flows linearly, starting with the mineralogy and matrix properties and proceeding through the computation of matrix-corrected porosity, permeability, and fluid saturations. The entire computation is performed in minutes after data acquisition, and in most situations the computation requires the selection of only one parameter, formation water salinity. The results provide all the log-derived inputs needed for decisions on completions, pressure and fluid sampling, and sidewall core sampling. Unlike conventional products that must be adapted to specific environments, DecisionXpress results are accurate and reliable in most siliciclastic reservoirs around the world. This answer product, available minutes after data acquisition, provides all the log-derived inputs needed for decisions on completions, pressure and fluid sampling, and sidewall core sampling.. The Pay flag is set by cutoffs on porosity, permeability, and total water saturation.. The Net flag is set by using cutoffs on total porosity and permeability.. gray mask indicates that results are outside DecisionXpress tolerance specifications. D. Porosity, permeability, and saturation measurements are displayed for siliciclastics only. E. The normalized flow profile indicates the zones with highest producibility potential. F. Water cut indicates that this hydrocarbon zone will produce without water. G. The Porosity Quality flag is raised because the density measurement exceeds quality control tolerances in the washed-out zone. H. The Lithocolumn is based on SpectroLith mineralogy inputs and is useful for well-to-well correlation. I. Quality flags are ordered hierarchically. If Lithology track data are flagged as questionable, all tracks are flagged. Pay Net TENS 10,000 (lbf) 0 MD 1:400 ft Mudcake Washout S 6 (in.) 16 HL 6 (in.) 16 Lithocolumn EGR 0 (gpi) 200 H Water Hydrocarbon Flow Profile 0 1 E Water Hydrocarbon Water ut 1 0 KINT 10,000 (md) 0.1 F lay ound apillary ound Free Water Hydrocarbon Moved Hydrocarbon Porosity 0.5 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 Porosity Siderite Pyrite arbonate QFM lay Volumetric 0 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 1 D G L P K S R Quality Flag Descriptions for DecisionXpress omputations Reliable Warning Data outside of DecisionXpress tolerance specifications. I LQ Track L : Lithology/Mineralogy (Q_LITH) P : Porosity (Q_PORO) K : Permeability (Q_PERM) S : Saturations (Q_SW) R : Relative Permeabilities (Q_RELPERM)

4 P-based viewer software delivered with the data enables interactive parameter selection from crossplots, histograms, and log displays.. The formation and reservoir zones can be set interactively.. hanging a formation or reservoir parameter updates the results instantly.. Zone parameters can be changed interactively by dragging this vertical line or by keying a change into the Formation Zone Parameter Editor. D D. The apparent formation water salinity (FSL) versus clay interactive crossplot facilitates selection of the correct formation water salinity. The interactive sampling plot is very useful for selecting sampling points for sidewall cores, pressures, and reservoir fluids. D. licking on new icon opens sampling plot and tables.. ore, pressure, or fluid sample can be selected.. Sample points are displayed in the three sampling tracks: sidewall core (S), pressure (P), and fluid (F). D. licking on the log selects a sample. horizontal hairline makes selection easy. E. Selected points are displayed in the corresponding sampling table along with petrophysical properties at the sampling depth. F. sampling table summary is included in the final sampling printout. G. Samples can be added and removed graphically or from the tabular listing. omments can also be included with each sample if required. F E G

5 The enabling technologies Schlumberger can provide advanced petrophysical evaluation in near-real time, with quality control on data input and interpretation output, through the integration of ES capture gamma ray spectroscopy data and Platform Express triple-combo measurements. The accuracy of ES measurements is relatively insensitive to mud weight, most fluid types, borehole size, and rugosity. SpectroLith quantitative lithology, which differentiates the DecisionXpress service from other interpretation methods, is based on processing the elemental relative yields through an oxides closure model to produce quantitative elemental concentration logs. This step is followed by processing through element-to-mineral and element-to-matrix property transforms developed from a high-quality core database. The SpectroLith process uses measurements of silicon, calcium, and iron to produce as accurate an estimation of clay as is possible from a direct measurement of aluminum. arbonate concentrations are determined from the calcium concentration log with an accuracy that is not available from logging devices that do not measure elemental concentrations. Matrix properties, including density, neutron porosity, and sigma, are also calculated from the dry-weight elemental concentrations. The introduction of the Platform Express tool was a major advancement in wireline logging technology. ompared with a conventional triple-combo tool, the Platform Express integrated wireline logging tool is twice as fast, gives better answers, and is more cost effective to run because it requires significantly less rig time. The system upgrades and expands traditional resistivity and porosity measurements, includes high-resolution microresistivity measurements and imaging, and measures tool movement for realtime speed correction and automatic depth matching with the ES sonde. ll data interpretation is automatically and strictly quality controlled. Quality flags indicate the confidence with which interpretive data can be applied.. Total water saturation is divided into free and bound waters (capillary and clay-bound).. The separation between density porosity (DPHI) and compensated neutron porosity (NPH) indicates a light hydrocarbon.. The formation water salinity (FSL) used in the computation is displayed. D. PHIT is the matrix-corrected total porosity. E. The separation between true resistivity (RT) and water-filled resistivity (R0) indicates hydrocarbon. F. Matrix density is computed from the ES-measured dry weight elements and is used to correct density porosity. G. SpectroLith processing results display the dry weight of eight minerals. H. NPH is fully corrected for matrix and environmental effects. I. fter matrix correction, neutron and density porosities overlay in fluid zones. J. pparent formation water salinity (FSL) is computed to select the correct value in water zones. K. The RT/R0 overlay in this water zone indicates a good choice for the formation water salinity parameter. MD 1:400 ft X250 X300 X350 X400 X450 X500 Mudcake Washout S 6 (in) 16 HL 6 (in) 16 DEPTH Depth. GDEV (ft) 5 (deg) 45 TENS HPR 10,000 (lbf) 0 0 (psi) 5,000 S GTEM 0 (ft/h) 5,000 0 (degf) 300 EGR 0 (gpi) 200 Siderite Pyrite arbonate Mineralogy 0 (lbf/lbf) 1 RHGE 2.5 (g/cm 3 ) 3 F QFM Light Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon lay G NPH 0.5 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 DPHI 0.5 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 PHIT 0.5 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 H D FSL 300 (ppk) 0.03 FSL 300 (ppk) 0.03 SL_WLK2 300 (ppk) 0.03 I J K R0 0.2 (ohm-m) 2,000 RT 0.2 (ohm-m) 2,000 RXO 0.2 (ohm-m) 2,000 E lay ound apillary ound Free Water Hydrocarbon SW 1 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 SWI 1 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 SXOT 1 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 SWT 1 (ft 3 /ft 3 ) 0 L P K S R Quality Flag Descriptions for DecisionXpress omputations Reliable Warning Data outside of DecisionXpress tolerance specifications. LQ Track L : Lithology/Mineralogy (Q_LITH) P : Porosity (Q_PORO) K : Permeability (Q_PERM) S : Saturations (Q_SW) R : Relative Permeabilities (Q_RELPERM)

6 This presentation combines input data from the Platform Express and ES tools with quality control flags. The flags displayed are for the most relevant hardware and processing quality-control indicators.. The IT* rray Induction Imager Tool borehole condition flag indicates the tool was run close to its limits. In this conductive mud environment, the 1-ft vertical resolution is affected, but the 2-ft resolution used in the DecisionXpress service is of good quality.. The ES quality flag warns of increased statistical uncertainty resulting from environmental effects.. Neutron porosity (NPOR) and density (RHOZ) are displayed on a standard limestone unit scale. efore matrix and full-environment corrections, those measurements do not overlay in clean-water zones. DSOZ RSOZ TENS 10,000 (lbf) 0 S 0 (ft/h) 5,000 MD 1:400 ft Mudcake Washout S 6 (in.) 16 HL 6 (in.) 16 GDEV 10 (deg) 90 SP 190 (mv) 60 EGR 0 (gpi) 200 Siderite Pyrite arbonate QFM lay Mineralogy 0 (lbf/lbf) 1 RHGE 2.5 (g/cm 3 ) 3 P ea E RXOZ HT10 HT20 HT30 HT60 HT90 HTRX HTRT M X M PEFZ 0 10 NPOR 0.45 (p.u.) 0.15 RHOZ 1.95 (g/cm 3 ) 2.95 N D R P Make more accurate time-critical decisions. The DecisionXpress service delivers the information required for geoscience and engineering professionals to make less subjective and more accurate time-critical decisions through intuitive, user-friendly graphical output displays. P-based viewer software delivered with the data enables near-real-time reprocessing wherever you choose to receive the data. The DecisionXpress Viewer application is simple enough for generalists and occasional users, yet advanced enough to provide accurate petrophysical interpretation results that can be used immediately to make informed decisions. n unprecedented level of automation allows unnecessary subjectivity to be reduced significantly. Not only does DecisionXpress software enable more users to get petrophysical interpretation results, but all those users will get the same, accurate, repeatable answer. Realize the full potential of Schlumberger data acquired. The DecisionXpress service uses all the formation, borehole, and quality-control measurements from the Platform Express and ES tools to produce an advanced petrophysical evaluation with minimal required user inputs. dditionally, a wide range of answer products is available based on the integration of the SpectroLith quantitative lithology and matrix properties data with other openhole and cased-hole logging measurements Get near-real-time petrophysical answers to improve completion decisions. The DecisionXpress service can help you improve production, reduce costs, and minimize risk through better, in-time decision-making. Mineralogy Flags P: ES Hardware: Photomultiplier E: ES Data Quality: Elemental Statistical Uncertainty Resistivity Flags M: MFL Hardware X: Rxo Processing : IT Processing hart : IT orehole ondition M: IT Magnetic Mud cceleration/nuclear Flags : ccelerometer N: Neutron Processing D: HRDD Hardware R: RHOZ Processing P: PEF Processing Quality Flag Descriptions bsent Reliable Warning Unreliable Unreliable

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8 Platform Express and ES Tool Specifications Platform Express omponents ES Sonde HGNS HRMS HLS IT-H Tool Output Gamma ray, ulk density, Laterolog, resistivity, Induction resistivity, Elemental relative yields, neutron porosity, photoelectric factor (PEF), spontaneous potential, spontaneous potential, dry weight elements and tool acceleration borehole caliper, mud resistivity mud resistivity lithologies, matrix microresistivity properties Range of Gamma ray: ulk density: ,000 ohm-m ohm-m 600 kev 8 MeV measurement 0 1,000 g PI g/cm 3 Neutron porosity: PEF: p.u. aliper: 22 in. [55.9 cm] Vertical Gamma ray: ulk density: 18 in. [45.7 cm] Standard: 1, 2, and 4 ft 30 in. [76.2 cm] resolution 12 in. [30.5 cm] in 6-in. [15.2-cm] borehole 18 in. [45.7 cm] [0.30, 0.61, and 1.22 m] Porosity: 12 in. [30.5 cm] High resolution: 8 in. [20.3 cm] available in 6-in. [15.2-cm] boreholes ccuracy Gamma ray: ±5% ulk density: 1 2,000 ohm-m: ±5% Resistivities: ±0.75 ms/m 2% (coherence to Porosity: ±0.01-g/cm 3 accuracy, conductivity or 2% standards computed) 0 20 p.u. ±1 p.u g/cm 3 repeatability (whichever is greater) 30 p.u. ±2 p.u. aliper: 45 p.u. ±6 p.u. 0.1-in. [0.25-cm] accuracy, 0.05-in. [0.13-cm] repeatability Depth of Gamma ray: Density: 5 in. [12.7 cm] ~32 in. [~81 cm] O/T/F10 : 10 in. [25.4 cm] 9 in. [22.9 cm] investigation 24 in. [61.0 cm] (varies with formation O/T/F20: 20 in. [50.8 cm] Porosity: ~9 in. [~23 cm] and mud resistivities) O/T/F30: 30 in. [76.2 cm] (varies with hydrogen O/T/F60: 60 in. [152.4 cm] index of formation) O/T/F90: 90 in. [228.6 cm] Logging speed 3,600 ft/hr [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/hr [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/hr [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/hr [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/hr [549 m/h] Temperature rating 302 F [150 ] 302 F [150 ] 302 F [150 ] 302 F [150 ] 350 F [177 ] 500 F [260 ] (internal flask cooled using carbon dioxide) Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] High-pressure housing: 25,000 psi [172 MPa] Min. borehole size 6 in. 6 in. 6 in. 6 in. 6.5 in. [16.5 cm] Max. borehole size 16 in. 16 in. 16 in. 16 in. 20 in. [50.8 cm] OD in. [8.6 cm] 4.77 in. [12.1 cm] in. [9.2 cm] in. [9.8 cm] 5.0 in. [12.7 cm] High-pressure housing: 5.5 in. [14.0 cm] Length ft [3.3 m] 12.3 ft [3.8 m] 16 ft [4.9 m] 16 ft [4.9 m] ft [3.1 m] Weight 172 lbm [78 kg] 313 lbm [142 kg] 221 lbm [100 kg] 255 lbm [116 kg] 305 lbm [138 kg] O = 1-ft [0.3-m] vertical resolution; T = 2-ft [0.6-m] vertical resolution; F = 4-ft [1.2-m] vertical resolution PR_03_020_0 Schlumberger pril 2004 *Mark of Schlumberger Produced by Oilfield Marketing ommunications, Houston.