Ecological Indication. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology István Bácsi PhD

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1 Ecological Indication University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology István Bácsi PhD

2 1. Ecological indication: Responses to the effects of the environment. - Indication = the sign itself - Indicator = the one which indicates (e.g. population) (Indicandum = the phenomenon to be signed (e.g. the interaction between light and plants); Indicatum = the phenomenon itself (etiolated stem, decrease of diversity)

3 2. Environment and tolerance Tolerance: Genetically specified characteristics of populations, which can be interpreted between given marginal values. Tolerance sprektrum: The interval of tolerance, which can be defined to every environmental factors affecting a population.

4 Species with broad tolerance spectra (e.g. raccoons) Species with narrow tolerance spectra (e.g. koala)

5 3. Biological indicators: those organisms (populations), whose presence, vitality and reaction changes during disturbance. persistence resilience disturbance Community variable resistence variability Time

6 3.1. Classification of bioindicator species Indicator species - Positive indicators (e.g. eutrophication blue-green algae) - Negative indicators (e.g. lichens) Monitor species - Sensitive monitors (e.g. simptoms: yellowing leaves) - Accumulating monitors (e.g. magnification of heavy metals) passive indicators (observation in the nature) active indicators (artificial placement) Test organisms - Organisms suitable for toxicological tests showing quantitative and qualitative reactions.

7 4. Monitoring of the changes of environmental quality (environmental status assessment) The biomonitoring is a nature conservation activity that gives information about the state of nature based on a comparison with the past and present surveys Levels of organisation levels of monitoring Pine forest Spruce Picea sp. Picea abies

8 4.2. Monitor systems Monitoring means an observation system organised in time and space. It provides information about the status of the environment in a way ensuring the possibility of comparison the previous and recent status. Main characteristics: -Time and space systems -Indicates the change of status in time 4.3. The basic tasks of monitoring Measurement of the concentration of contaminants (water, soil, air) Measurement of the physical status of subjects (temperature, soil structure, etc.) Observation the frequency of effects damaging living organisms, and determination of their relationship with the background variables. Registration and classification of anthropogenic changes (deforestation, desertification, etc.)

9 4.4. Ground (basic) state The reference basis for monitoring. Ideally, this is the state/condition completely free of any anthropogenic influence: the "pristine" original nature. (Nowdays there are no such places on Earth). Natural condition: Habitat, landscape, living community, which formation man do not, or - with the exception of restoration - barely play a decisive role. It can be characterized by mainly selfregulated processes. Natural-close condition: Habitat, landscape, living community, which formation man played a role creating circumstances similar to natural. Most of its processes can be characterized by selfregulation, it can survive without direct human intervention.

10 4.5. Survey A measurement and collection program of the environmental components, which aims to explore the spatial distribution and changes of one or more components in a given time (and thus can be considered as the exploration of the current status) Surveillance A measurement and collection program of the environmental components focusing on the detection of changes (trends) occuring due to the spatiotemporal distribution of one or more components Monitoring A continouos measurement and collection program of the environmental components using the same methods, repeated within given intervals. Its aim is the comparative analysis and the comprehensive evaluation of the obtained results. It is suitable to provide information about events of the past and predict future changes beside assessing the quality of the current status.

11 4.8. Classification of monitoring activities - Physical and chemical monitoring (e.g. measurement of different parameters, chemical components) -Biomonitoring Direct biomonitoring (e.g. samples from populations) Indirect biomonitoring (e.g. observation of environmental changes)

12 Thank You for Your attention!