Electrons to Close the Carbon Cycle (E-Triple-C)

Transcription

1 Electrons to Close the Carbon Cycle (E-Triple-C) System Integration Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Guido Mul Researchers: Piotr Krzywda, Liniker de Sousa, Anne Sustronk, Nieck Benes (UTwente) Anca Anastasopol, Frans van Berkel, Erwin Giling, Marija Saric (ECN.TNO) Project duration: October 2016 September 2020 Budget: Project number: SI Objective and motivation: Evaluation, system development and process evaluation of hollow fiber geometry as gas diffuser and working electrode for the electrochemical activation of CO 2 to CO and N 2 to NH 3 to, amongst others, explore electrochemical processes as substitute to fossil fuel based processes. CO 2 to CO: Current focus on the effect of feed gas composition on the CO 2 conversion and selectivity towards CO and the use of copper catalysts in membrane electrode assemblies. Cu hollow fiber electrode for CO 2 reduction N 2 to NH 3 : Focus on improving catalyst support (Ti hollow fiber) and stability studies of hollow fiber-catalyst system under reduction conditions. System development and process evaluation: The target current density is ma cm -2 for the process to be economically valuable, yielding a CO price of $0.40 per kg of CO for this range. In comparison, the price of CO when obtained through steam methane reforming is estimated at $0.30 per kg of CO [1]. [1] P.M. Rozema, Master Thesis, September 2018, University of Twente This project is co-funded with subsidy from Topsector Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.

2 Plasma Conversions Project Leader: DIFFER: Richard van de Sanden/Mihalis Tsampas System Integration project nr SI Cluster directors: ISPT : Tjeerd Jongsma, Andreas ten Cate, Lia Bouma Partners: ISPT, DIFFER, UTwente, Akzonobel, OCI Nitrogen, Yara, Shell, Vopak Budget: (1 January March 2020) This research will focus on synthesizing NH 3 from air, water and electrical energy as a sustainable route to store renewable electricity in chemical bonds. The overall goal of this project is to demonstrate the plasmo-electrochemical device and to determine its efficiency The project opens up opportunities to realize electrification of the (chemical) industry and long-term energy storage. The investigation leads to insights into the technical feasibility, scalability and economic relevance of the different technologies. In the initial stage of the project background work in ordering materials for experiments and building of setups is under completion at both DIFFER and UTwente DIFFER: Design and commissioning of plasmo-electrochemical reactor completed. Materials screened from literature and procured Preliminary tests show some positive indications 2H + + 2e - -> H 2 Ceramic tube Proton ion Conductor H 2O->0.5O 2+2H + +2e - Electrodes Proton ion conductor Electrolyser Intermittency of sustainable technologies leads to surplus - energy storage in high energy molecules!! Focus on the activation of chemical bonds (N N, H-O-) via electrolysis, plasmas or thermic. N 2/O 2 Humidifier Current collector P P Scroll pump Heating Mantle RF Coil N 2 P MS Oil pump Exhaust Matching box UTwente: Ammonia synthesis by chemical looping Materials screened from literature and procured Design and commisioning of catalytic reactor completed PhD student for working on project recently hired This project is part of the ISPT system integration-electrification of the industry aiming at electrification of the (chemical) industry facilitating long-term storage of renewable energy. This project is been co-financed by TKI-Energie from Toeslag voor Topconsortia voor Kennis en Innovatie (TKI) from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy

3 MW Testing Centre Water Electrolysis Project Leader: Cluster director: Partners: to be anounced System Integration project nr SI Andreas ten Cate Shell, Nouryon, Gasunie, Yara, Frames, Groningen Seaports, ECN part of TNO, HanzeHogeschool, University of Groningen The MW test center aims to achieve cost reductions and efficiency gains in alkaline and PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysis by bringing innovations from laboratory scale to pre-commercial scale (TRL 4 to 6). The chemical industry needs a high volume of hydrogen as a building block for a variety of products (e.g. ammonia, methanol, fuels, etc.). and this is only expected to grow as gas, oil and coal will need to be replaced (e.g. in steel production, ethylene, etc.). To make these amounts of hydrogen cost-effective GW-scale electrolyzers deployment at GW-scale is needed. This will require significant improvements to current electrolyzer technology. Schemes of alkaline and PEM electrolysis An open center: The test center is an open innovation center. This means that universities, components suppliers and stack suppliers are invited to come to the center and test their latest innovations and in this way accelerate their commercial implementation and achieve the cost reduction. The MW test center will consist of two test units, one 250 kw PEM unit and one 250 kw alkaline unit. The center will also have all the surrounding unit operations to enable all tests. 2 MW alkaline electrolyzer at AkzoNobel in Norway The project plan for MW test center has been submitted to the TKI Energie en Industrie. The consortium is formalizing this Planned layout of MW test center project for the execution phase. The project duration is planned from Q to Q This project is co-funded by TKI E&I with the supplementary grant 'TKI-Toeslag' for Topconsortia for Knowledge and Innovation (TKI's) of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.

4 Hychain 1 Assessment of Future Trends in Industrial Hydrogen Demand and Transport Project Leader: Jos Siemons System Integration project nr SI-20-06a Cluster director: Andreas ten Cate Partners: Nouryon, Dow, OCI Nitrogen, Vopak, Yara, Stedin, Gasunie, Port of Rotterdam, ECN part of TNO, Quintel Intelligence, Royal HaskoningDHV, The goal of this project is to explore the expected industrial demand (size & locations) of hydrogen and directly derived energy carriers in the Netherlands as well as North-Western Europe. Since the Paris climate agreement, countries are actively striving towards a sustainable future. The Dutch government is still deliberating where to invest, and how best to achieve our environmental goals over the coming years. And so are many industries that see the necessity to transform and adapt themselves for future reality. Hydrogen is important for this transition The primary focus lies on the industry sector where the demand will be projected to Additionally, the expected adoption of hydrogen will be studied in adjacent sectors: built environment, mobility, and power. Further focus will lie on the potential use of existing infrastructure against market demand. The project was started second half of September with the literature study (phase 1). In parallel interviews (phase 2) are being prepared. Energy Transition Model Phase 1: Identify (and characterize options and evaluate) opportunities for H 2 and e-fuels: literature review, SWOT and OoM excel analysis Phase 2: Market and stakeholders view on demand side: interviews Phase 3: Define the timeline and scenarios: results of 1., 2. and workshop IN2050 Phase 4: Scenarios analysis: integrated analysis with ETM and IN2050 Phase 5: Infrastructure consequences and cluster effects: reflect on consequences of 4. including feedback from workshop Phase 6: Reporting, with workshop to reflect on key findings before finalizing the project This project is co-funded with subsidy from Topsector Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.

5 HyChain 2: Cost implications of import Project Leader: Cluster director: Partners: John Kerkhoven System Integration project nr SI-20-06b Andreas ten Cate Nouryon, Dow, Gasunie, OCI Nitrogen, Vopak, Yara, Frames, Stedin, Havenbedrijf Rotterdam, Proton Ventures, ECN part of TNO, Kalavasta To find out which flows of renewable energy carriers derived from sustainable electricity (and in what capacities) could flow through the Netherlands, based on lowest costs. The Netherlands is aiming for a substantial CO 2 reduction in the coming years. We intend to start using green molecules for energy and feedstock as part of the solution set to reduce CO 2. To what extent should we make these green molecules within the Netherlands and to what extent should we import them? Global analysis of export potential of green power/molecules to the Netherlands, taking into account many countries, various molecules and various transportation and storage options. To give anyone thinking about or responsible for sourcing renewable energy and/or feedstock (derived from Solar and Wind electricity, such as Green Hydrogen, Green Ammonia, Green Methanol etc.) insight into how, at what cost and from which countries import is an option. The project started on July 1st and will present a draft version of an calculation tool to help answer the main question of the project. The month of October is spent on validation with the project partners and external parties. We aim to finish the project by 31st of December Overview of model logic Country Specific Factors Solar and Wind resource potential Population density Cost of Capital Distance to NL Electricity production potential Solar PV Onshore wind Offshore wind Electricity Production Solar/Wind H 2 Production Electrolysis Carrier Production LH2, NH3, LOHC, CH4, MeOH, NaBH4, FA etc August 2018 March 2018 Production NL Electricity Import Imported Electricity HV DC line Pipeline Ship NL H 2 Imported H 2 NL Carriers Imported Carriers Quantity and costs of produced Quantity and costs of imported Renewable electricity and molecules demand NL plus hinterland (ARA) (HyChain 1) This project is co funded with subsidy from Topsector Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.

6 HyChain 3: Analysis of the current state and outlook of technologies for production, conversion, storage, and transportation of hydrogen(-based) energy carriers from renewable energy Project Leader: Pieter Bakker System Integration / Projectno. Si-20-06c Cluster director: Andreas ten Cate Partners: Nouryon, Dow, Gasunie, OCI, Vopak, Yara, Frames, Stedin, Havenbedrijf Rotterdam, Proton Ventures, ECN part of TNO, TU Delft, Metabolic, Frames To deliver a repository of information on hydrogen supply chain technologies for both the HyChain program as well as other hydrogenrelated R&D in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is aiming for a substantial CO 2 reduction in the coming years. We intend to start using Hydrogen molecules for energy and feedstock as part of the solution set to reduce CO 2. To what extent should we make these molecules within the Netherlands and to what extent should we import them? How will the full hydrogen value chain to deliver the lowest cost, carbon-neutral hydrogen to Dutch industry develop in the near future, and what barriers and bottlenecks stand in the way? To increase the understanding in solving this problem, the Institute for Sustainable Process Technology (ISPT) initiated the HyChain program under its System Integration program which addresses the larger H2 supply chain issues. HyChain 3 focuses on collecting key information on technologies needed to build the renewable energy supply chains of the future. The data collected will be used for the HyChain projects and other ongoing hydrogen R&D activities. The participants will define a set of environmental, social, economic, technological and political indicators to assess the hydrogen supply chain technologies and prepare a template for fact sheets on the technologies. Alignment with HyChain 1 and 2 will be done to secure that a homogeneous dataset is built that is suitable to support decision The project started in September 2018 and the templates for the fact sheets and database are being developed. In parallel a description will be built for the various parameters to be considered, as well as a data validation model by TU Delft. During the months of October 2018 till February 2019 most of the technology research will be performed. making and answers also the needs of other projects. The collected data will be consolidated into a public report of technology fact sheets and a database that can be used to compare the options on the basis of This project is co-funded with subsidy from Topsector Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy. a wide variety of criteria.

7 GigaWatt Scale Electrolyser Conceptual Design Project Leader: Cluster director: Partners: to be anounced System Integration, project nr SI Andreas ten Cate Nouryon, Dow, Shell, OCI Nitrogen, Yara, Frames, Port of Rotterdam, ECN part of TNO, Imperial College, Utrecht University. Develop a conceptual design and a transparent cost estimation methodology for a 1-GW electrolyser plant that is ready for start-up in 2025 and that delivers H 2 at a cost level that is competitive with current H 2 manufacturing technologies In the energy system of the future a key role will be played by renewable electricity. This will feed the platform for green value chains with H 2 as intermediate for products, for mobility and for heating. The key technology in this value chain is H 2 production via electrolysis. To match the demand for hydrogen of the Dutch industry and to play a significant role in buffering the future Research topics Electrolyser module design Technology learning curve electrolyser design Conceptual process design System integration in selected industrial regions Project specification and cost estimation Feasibility assessment intermittent power supply, a significant scale up is required of the electrolyser capacity at least to the 1-GW scale. >250 kv AC Water Transformer Demiwater production 10 kv AC Transformer & rectifier ~400 V DC μs/cm Electrolyzers & Balance of plant 1 40 bara C H 2 cooling, drying & purification O 2 cooling, drying & purification Hydrogen H 2 customers compression Oxygen customers O 2 compression Process flow diagram of a water electrolysis plant The project GW scale electrolyser conceptual design is separated in two parts. The first part has been approved by the TKI Energie en Industrie. The consortium is formalizing this project for the execution phase. The project duration is planned from Q to Q MW water electrolysis facility in Zimbabwe (no longer in operation) This project is co-funded by TKI E&I with the supplementary grant 'TKI-Toeslag' for Topconsortia for Knowledge and Innovation (TKI's) of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.