LAICA Local adaptation and innovation-in-practice in energy efficiency and carbon neutrality

Transcription

1 LAICA Local adaptation and innovation-in-practice in energy efficiency and carbon neutrality Sampsa Hyysalo, Aalto BIZ 16th April 2013, Academy of Finland FICCA seminar

2 LAICA team Raimo Lovio Sampsa Hyysalo Mikko Jalas Jouni Juntunen Jenny Rinkinen Ari Nissinen Suvi Lehtoranta Maija Mattinen Eva Heiskanen Funded by Academy of Finland Research programme on climate change, FICCA,

3 Why LAICA? LAICA explores an alternative to traditional top-down approach to climate policy & the diffusion of innovations Diffusion is a process of local (re)invention necessary for technology to become accepted necessary for technology to become useful and owned can also enhance quality, expand the scope of tech solutions User innovation can also offer ownership and local meaning to the abstract global problem of climate change mitigation people are not just targets or victims but active players!

4 User innovations in LAICA Completely new inventions Improvement and modification of existing technology to local conditions Combinations of existing technology in appropriate ways for user needs Domestication, learning to use, sensemaking, adaption of/to everyday life Innovations-in-practice: new ways of using the building, organizing one s life, organizing social relations

5 Five sub-projects

6 1) User inventions in renewable heating forms in Finland User capacity to invent Support they get Effects and development paths 105 inventions in heat pumps 87 in wood pellet burning systems User system level designs User modifications User hacks, add-ons, relocating, repurposing

7 Air Heat Pump Diagram 1-2 Installation location 3 Installation conditions 4-12 Melting mechanism of bottom cover Melting mechanism of collector outdoor coil Add-on for the outdoor unit Channelling of the water out of the unit Handling water outside of the unit 31 Refrigerant fluid Hot water tank 36 Water circulation Repurposing (air-to-air pump to air-to-water) 52 Repurposing of air-to-air to geothermal pump 53 Repurposing swimming pool HP to Air-to-water HP 54 Repurposing of internal unit 55 Utilization of cooled air from outdoor unit Add-on for internal unit 61 Mechanical structure Sensors in internal unit Add-on for monitoring and controlling the overall system System level design

8 Summary of Innovation rating: 3 specialist reviewers Inventiveness Ease of Implementation Diffusion Potential Energy Saving Potential

9 Heat pump proliferation: peer support Internet forums, especially

10 2) Conditions and drivers for heating system change Rhythms Heating within daily rhythm Changes in the time and energy use by Finns Shocks / breakdown of routine Power cuts House ownership

11 Wood-based heating systems: interesting? Wood fuel important renewable energy source in detached houses: 20-25% of detached houses use wood as primary energy source in Finland, 20% increase in last 15 years Backbone of new hybrid solutions Rich and deeply ingrained energy practice Example of what it is to be visible

12 Data: wood rhythms Large set of diaries from and collected by Finnish ethnologists 100 excerpts that explicitly describe wood -based heating practice Interviews and personal experience -30c

13 Wood-based heating practices Not convenient Doable because of Buffers of heat and fuel and back-up systems offer flexibility Spatial integration & multitasking Orchestrated fluency, little need of planning Desirable because of Rhythmicity & routine Cultural embeddedness baking oven Social relations are enacted through heating Empowerment and autonomy Novelties marketed as convenient alternative logics only develop later, imply temporal structures too

14 3) LCA of user inventiveness in Finnish building stock Three layers Inventions Building/house Area / eftects within Finland

15 Heat pump carbon footprint; gsahp invention Mattinen et al. 2013b Nissinen, Mattinen, SYKE XX

16 Bad refridgerant handling added carbon Mattinen et al. 2013b Nissinen, Mattinen, SYKE XX

17 Emissions in an area Maija Mattinen, Accounting and visualizing... EMAN

18 Emission intensity Mattinen et al. 2013a Nissinen, Mattinen, SYKE XX

19 Conclusions, subproject 3 User inventions desirable, some effect in materials handling Practical information of emissions and energy usage of a small district can be obtained Identification of hot spots Information can be used for planning energy systems Well-targeted, efficient measures Allows analyses of availability of renewable energy sources and needed infrastructure Maija Mattinen, Accounting and visualizing... EMAN

20 4) Energy interventions in Carbon Neutral Municipalities Aim: accelerate the transfer of user innovations Four types of interventions explored 1. Open Homes events sharing of experiences of new solutions among neighbours tested in three municipalities 2. Courses study of impacts of solar heater self-build courses, diverse course activities planned 3. Banks role of local co-operative and savings banks in the transfer of new energy solutions ongoing study 4. Local discussion events based on maps of energy use by neighbourhood - planned

21 Example: Solar heater self-build courses Interviews with teachers, survey to course participants (n=135), participant observation Increasing course activity (also other topics like renewable power) and demand Self-build not necessarily the most effective way to obtain a solar heater, but courses have wider impacts on participants Major course locations Impacts of the course, % of participants repor

22 Synthesis

23 Heat pump proliferation: installations, 2 4 TW GSHP in every second new house. ASHPs retrofitted. Very little official support bottom-up peer/sme process

24 Fron local experiemnts to better solutions Rules, regulations, programmes Cognitive appraisals Normative roles, responsibilities and trust Stabilization Learning, generalizing Actor engagement Selection Interpreting and evaluating achievements Local experiments Myriad of ideas

25 Publications thus far (8+ in review) User innovation and sustainability transitions Hyysalo, S., Juntunen, J.K., Freeman, S. (2013) User innovation in sustainable home energy technologies, Energy Policy 55: Juntunen, J.K. (2013, forthcoming), Domestication Pathways of Small-scale Renewable Energy Technologies, Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy. Hyysalo, S., Juntunen, J.K., Freeman, S. (2013) Internet forums and the rise of the inventive energy user, Science and Technology Studies 26(1) Rinkinen, J. (2013) Reflection by Breaking Understanding Transitions to Decentralised Energy Supply through Power Cuts. Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply Proceedings of the International Conference. Heiskanen, E, Hyysalo, S, Jalas, M, Lovio, R, Rinkinen, J, Freeman, S (2012) Local experimentation and societal learning for sustainability transitions does it work in practice? (Conference paper) 3rd International Conference on Sustainability Transitions Environmental policy Heiskanen, E., Kuusi, H, Jalas, M, Rinkinen, J (2012) Local climate action in an ordinary context. Paper presented at BSA Climate Change Study Group Event, Southampton Jalas, M. & Rinkinen, J. (2012) Nuukuus: eilispäivän ruokaa ilmastopolitiikan pitopöytään. In T. Helne and T. Silvasti (eds) Yhteyksien kirja. Etappeja ekososiaalisen hyvinvoinnin polulla. Helsinki: Kela. Life-cycle and time-use analyses Heinonen, J., Jalas, M., Juntunen, J.K., Ala-Manttila, S., Junnila, S. (2013) Situated lifestyles: I. How lifestyles change along with the level of urbanization and what are the greenhouse gas implications, a study of Finland, Environmental Research Letters 8(2).