Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Developmental Planning

Transcription

1 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Developmental Planning INDIA Parama Sen The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

2 PLAN OF PRESENTATION VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE CURRENT AND PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES OUTCOME OF SUCH CHANGES ACTION FOR ADAPTATION ACTIONS UNDERWAY ACTIONS INTENDED (NAPCCC) ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

3 VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

4 OBSERVED CLIMATE CHANGES Over the last century, ~0.4 0 C rise in surface temperatures observed nationally Changes in monsoon patterns over regions Other changes Increase in frequency of severe storm incidence along coasts Sea level rise between 1.06 to 1.75 mm per year Recession of some Himalayan glaciers, though no trend observed yet

5 OUTCOME OF CLIMATE CHANGE AGRICULTURE Direct Temperature rise and rainfall pattern changes affect quality and yield Indirect Pathogens and insect population dynamics change with change in temperature and humidity These have a serious effect on crop yield Related sectors Lower yields from fish breeding, dairy cattle and related agri-business

6 OUTCOME OF CLIMATE CHANGE WATER Snow fed rivers affected due to melting snow cover Rise of seas in coastal areas Salt intrusion impacting drinking water

7 OUTCOME OF CLIMATE CHANGE HEALTH Pattern of vectors may change increasing disease burden More frequent natural calamities bring with them the threat of epidemics

8 OUTCOME OF CLIMATE CHANGE FORESTS Climate changes trigger changes in forest ecology Serious impact on flora and fauna and ecological balance Besides livelihood of vulnerable people dependent on forests affected

9 OUTCOME OF CLIMATE CHANGE EXTREME EVENTS 40 million ha flood prone affecting 30 million people annually. This would increase in frequency Disaster relief and rehabilitation concerns to pose a serious threat.

10 ACTION FOR ADAPTATION

11 ACTIONS UNDERWAY FOR ADAPTATION GoI expenditure on adaptation exceeds 2% of GDP presently Awareness, information Web enabled services for farmers, environment education Crop Improvement Agriculture extension services Drought Proofing Risk financing Livelihood preservation Disaster Management Health Renewable energy Energy efficient technologies

12 NAPCCC PRINCIPLES Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities as enshrined in the UNFCCC Per capita GHG emissions of India will not exceed the average per capita emissions of developed countries Poverty reduction, social development and economic growth remain the prime drivers of National policy Sustainable development sustainable production processes and sustainable lifestyles

13 NAPCCC 8 NATIONAL MISSSIONS National aspirations National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on sustainable habitat National Water Mission National Mission for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change OTHER INITIATIVES

14 National Solar Mission SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRY AS A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS Solar Thermal Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Concerns: R&D, technology transfer, capacity building, funds

15 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency SWITCH TO EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES Sector Specific technologies Significant incremental as well as economic costs Concerns: Technology transfers, multilateral funding, Carbon finance

16 National Mission on sustainable habitat ENERGY EFFICIENCY Residential sector Commercial sector Management of municipal waste Urban transport Concerns: Regulatory framework, availability of options (technology), capacity building, funds

17 National Water Mission AUGMENT SUPPLY, IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF WATER Management of surface water resources Conservation of wetlands Regulation of ground water resources Upgrading storage structures Drainage systems for wastewater De-salination technologies Concerns: On-going efforts, technology augmentation, funds

18 National Mission for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem MONITORING AND CONSERVING HIMALYAN ECOSYSTEM, GLACIAL MASS AND RIVER FLOWS National Environment Policy 2006 Concerns: R&D, conservation policies and practices

19 National Mission for a Green India INCREASING FOREST COVER AND DENSITY, CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY 6 million ha to be afforested Participation of the local community Concerns: On-going program, balance in development goals and conservation imperatives

20 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE Dry land agriculture Risk Management Information access Technology applications (biotechnology) Concerns: R&D, technology development, technology transfer, capacity building, dissemination, funds

21 National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE ASPECTS High quality research Technology development Concerns: Collaboration in research efforts, technology development.

22 NAPCCC OTHER INITIATIVES DISASTER NANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS Improve information Forecasting, tracking Boost preparedness for response National Disaster Management Authority Preparedness and disaster awareness into planning at local levels Regulatory framework Zoning, building codes, etc. Insurance

23 NAPCCC OTHER INITIATIVES PROTECTION OF COASTAL AREAS Awareness Forecasting, early warning Tolerant crop cultivars Regeneration Plantation of mangroves Local action community involvement

24 NAPCCC OTHER INITIATIVES HEALTH Disease surveillance Epidemiological data, vulnerability study Particularly response of vectors to climate change Enhanced health care provisions Local action Sanitation and clean drinking water

25 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

26 CONCERNS Common but differentiated responsibilities No uncompensated commitments on mitigation Binding commitments by developed countries for technology transfer of cost effective clean technologies, facilitative IPR environment, capacity building, additional funding Adaptation and mitigation should be treated on equal footing Deeper long term commitments of GHG abatement by developed countries, commitment on sustainable production as well as consumption

27 CHALLENGES Safeguard clubbing developmental goals with climate change imperatives Estimates indicate that mitigation costs (~ USD 25 billion) Order of GoI planned expenditure for social development goals Heavy investments for climate proofing development investment HDR estimate ~44 billion USD annually by 2015 Though India has a large portfolio of CDM projects it has not been entirely satisfactory Technology transfers have not been significant Project risks are mainly taken up by host countries

28 THANK YOU