Passive House in Canada and around the world

Transcription

1 BCSEA and CanPHI presents: Passive House in Canada and around the world Dr. Guido Wimmers

2 worldwide fossil energy consumption fossil energy 1. solar age fossil age 2. solar age time Graphic: Wim Author: 2 Wim

3 Emissions Kyoto protocol: target was to reduce emissions (based on 1990) by % In fact emissions increased by + 27% CO2 emissions per capita in tons per year source: International Energy Agency Graphic: Wim Author: Wim

4 ENERGY USE Passive House CO2 EMISSIONS Passive House 50% - 70% 70% - 90%

5 for residential buildings in kwh/m² per year electrical power for lighting electrical power for auxiliary hot water heating heating/cooling <15 kwh/m² per year statistic average new buildings passive house Source: NRCan Dec.2005

6 Basic principles of Passive House design

7 what is a Passive House? a Passive House is a very energy-efficient building which requires such a small amount of heat that it can be heated mainly by passive sources such as incoming sunlight, lights & appliances heat recovery via a whole-house mechanical ventilation system is necessary The concept works well in any climate, from cold/dry to hot/humid: physics is the same everywhere! Author: GW

8 what is a Passive House? a Passive House still needs some energy, but the specific heat demand is minimal. 15 kwh/m²year specific heat load shall not exceed 10 W/m² entire specific primary energy demand including domestic electricity must not exceed 120 KWh/m²year

9 Compactness Influence of an increased perimeter for the same floor area Compact shape Increase of wall area 10 % Increase of wall area 20 % Insulation 20mm Insulation 40mm Source: [PHS 1.0] Author: Wim

10 A/V-ratio (thermal envelope area/heated volume) Favourable compactness ratio A / V 0,7 m²/m³ 0,6 0,7 0,8 1,2 1,0 1,1 0,9 A/V 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 0,3 0,6 0,5 0,4 A/V 0,2 perimeter block development 0,3 perimeter block development minimise surface area/volume! Grafik: PHD Author: AB

11 Non-optimal shape factors Habitat 67, Montreal

12 Orientation Orientation of the building to the south is crucial for solar heat gains. At south facing windows overheating in summer is also easy to prevent. Obstacles such as trees or buildings have to be considered. Graphic: Lighthouse Sustainable Center Source: Passive Design Tool Kit CoV Author: Wim

13 affordability Passive House is aiming at a reduction of energy consumption of 70-90%. Some incremental cost for the advanced envelope, but it is also saving cost for mechanical system and energy cost in future Aiming at 100% or adding renewable energy systems instead would be far more expensive!

14 Requirements and Criteria of Passive House

15 Annual space heating /cooling demand 15 kwh/(m²a) 4756 BTU/h/ft² or kwh/(sqft a)

16 Annual space heating demand The annual space heating demand is the fuel consumption Author: Wim

17 Heating/cooling load 10 W/m²

18 Heating load The heating load is the power Author: Wim

19 Thermal performance U 0.15 W/(m²K) R 38 thermal bridge free Psi 0.01

20 Thermal bridges Graphic: Wim Author: Wim

21 What is a thermal bridge? We talk about thermal bridges if the isotherms (lines of equal temperature) of a given detail are curved or bend. Author: Wim

22 Calculation of thermal bridges (as per DIN EN ISO 10211) Q 1D = A 1 * U 1 * DT 1 + A 2 * U 2 * DT 2 Example: U 1 =U 2 = 1/( / / /1+0.04)=0.129 W/(m²K) Q 2D = A 1 * U 1 *DT 1 + A 2 * U 2 * DT 2 + * l * DT max(1.2) Example : Q 2D = W/m as per HEAT2-6.0 = (Q 2D - A 1 * U 1 * DT - A 2 * U 2 * DT ) / l / DT max(1.2) Example : a = ( *1.485*2*25 )W/K / 1 m / 25 K = W/(mK) a = W/(mK) Q T84 = -5.2 kwh/(ma) T min = C f RSI = 0.98 E-B /09 Source: PHD Author: JS

23 Windows U w 0.8 W/(m²K) SHGC 50% Comfort criterion

24 Ratio of heating energy losses for small buildings % roof energy % windows % walls %% basement/ground floor/basement Graphic: Wim Author: Wim

25 Thermal performance of windows The overall thermal performance of a window (Uw) is given by 3 different factors Glass (Ug) Frame (Uf) Psi-value for the spacer To establish the actual performance of the window a 4 th factor has to be put in the equation a well Psi-value for the installation Graphic: Wim Author: Wim

26 Windows Conclusion: You need glazing U-values of 0.8 W/(m²K) To achieve comfort criteria To minimize your heat losses To achieve the overall Uw requirement You need an overall U- value for the window of Uw 0.8 W/(m²K) To achieve comfort criteria To minimize your heat losses You need SHGC of over 50% (south facing, applicable for most building types)) To maximize your solar gains in winter After balancing losses and gains to achieve a surplus in heating energy throughout all your window (passive thermal collector) Note: prevent overheating in summer (excess temperature) Author: Wim

27 Tomorrow s window will look different Deep, narrow frames Sash entirely covered with insulation Glass-only characteristic with no visible frame installation = 0.00 W/(mK) possible CanPHI _2.3 Source: Wim Author: Wim

28 Air tightness n /h

29 Infiltration and exfiltration Wind Buoancy Grafik: ebök/wim Source: Zeller/Biasin Author: JS

30 Why is air tightness important? Air tightness is necessary to: Avoid damages through condensation inside the envelope components because of warm humid air infiltrating, cooling down and condensation Minimize heat losses due to warm air losses Minimize overheating due to warm air infiltration from outside (wind tightness) in summer The air tight layer has to be on the inside The wind tight layer has to be on the outside Author: Wim

31 insulated panels for Langley PH

32 taping

33 Pre-drywall airtightness test

34 Air tightness result Langley PH

35 Winter comfort criteria DT horizontal 3K DT vertical 2K

36 Thermal Comfort : the Passive House essential! Essential factors which influence thermal comfort Air temperature Surface temperatures Local temperature differences (vertical and horizontal) Drafts Relative air humidity Passive House design takes all these into account to provide unprecedented levels of indoor thermal comfort year-round Source: [EN ISO 7730], IG Passivhaus Deutschland Author: PHD

37 Annual primary energy demand 120 kwh/(m²a)

38 What is primary energy? Balance boundary for the heated volume Qi Qt Graphic: GW Author: GW

39 What is primary energy? Balance boundary for the heated volume Primary Energy Qv Qt Qh Qi Extraction Conversion Connection Distribution Storage Conversion Final energy (Building boundary) Transportation Graphic:: GW Author: PHI / PHD / GW

40 Summary

41 Passive House criteria (climate indipendent!) Heat protection: U 0.15 W/(m²K) U w 0.8 W/(m²K) thermal bridge-free Ventilation with 75 % heat recovery Electricity demand max Wh/m³ Outdoor air Exhaust air Triple-glazing U g 0.8 W/(m²K) SHGC 50% Extract air Supply air Airtightness: n /h Heating energy demand 15 kwh/(m²a) or Building heating load 10 W/m² Useful cooling demand 15 kwh/(m²a) Primary energy demand 120 kwh/(m²a) Building airtightness 0.6 /h Excess temperature frequency 10 % Source: PHI/ [Cepheus 18 und 22] Author: PHD

42 the result energy efficient (up to minus 90%) comfortable (all ASHRAE comfort criteria achieved) economically (reasonable additional cost, increased value, significantly lower operating costs) environmentally friendly (very low environmental longterm impact, energy plus easily possible) healthy (constant hygienic air quality)

43 Passive House is applicable to:

44 Multi unit residential (350 units), Innsbruck

45 CanPHI _3.2 Author: Wim

46 Passive House O3, 444 apartments, Austria

47 Youth Olympic Winter Games, 2012, Innsbruck

48 office building, Austria

49 CanPHI _3.2 Office building, Vienna

50 secondary school, Klaus

51 kindergarten, langenegg

52 production facility renovation, wolfurt

53 fire station

54 Super market Photo: Rainer

55 Schiestlhaus, 2154m

56 Where are we going? Today about Passive Houses are build in almost every climate zone in over 30 countries around the world In 2009 the EU passed a directive asking that all states legislate Passive House equivalent construction by 2016 for new construction and renovation CanPHI trained over the last 2 years almost 250 highly motivated professionals in Passive House design There are currently more than 40 Passive House Projects in Canada in process (including large residential and commercial)

57 So where in Canada are Passive House projects now built or planned? Surrey BC Fredericton NB Edmonton AB Whistler BC Whitehorse YK Saanich BC Vancouver BC Montebello QC Mont Tremblant QC Port Coquitlam BC Calgary AB Summerland BC clulet BC Medicine Hat AB Ottawa ON Quebec QC Toronto ON Langley BC Collingwood ON Penticton BC Oakville ON Nelson BC Gabriola Island BC La Salle ON Cannigton ON Chelsea QC Edson AB Kingston ON Halifax NS Wakefield QC

58 Non profit, education of construction industry Only licensed partner of IPHA for Passive House courses in Canada Upcoming Passive House Courses: Vancouver October Edmonton November Cranbrook Feb 4 8, 2013

59 residential

60 Passive House, Whistler

61 office building, Innsbruck heating energy 8 kwh/m² blower door test 0.23/@ 50Pa in slab radiant heating and cooling heat recovery ventilation heat pump

62 Passive House, Montebello

63 Country Home, La Conception, QC (nr. Mont Tremblant) Design: L OEUF Architects, Montreal

64 Non profit, education of construction industry Only licensed partner of IPHA for Passive House courses in Canada Upcoming Passive House Courses: Vancouver October Edmonton November Cranbrook Feb 4 8, 2013

65 elementary-school in ainet (altitude 750m) reconstruction and extension 2006 heating energy 14 kwh/m² solid wood construction heat recovery ventilation heat pump geothermal power

66 secondary school, Klaus

67 Multi unit residential (350 units), Innsbruck

68 CanPHI _3.2 Author: Wim

69 Passive House O3, 444 apartments, Austria

70 Youth Olympic Winter Games, 2012, Innsbruck

71 Non profit, education of construction industry Only licensed partner of IPHA for Passive House courses in Canada Upcoming Passive House Courses: Vancouver October Edmonton November Cranbrook Feb 4 8, 2013

72 office building, Austria

73 CanPHI _3.2 Office building, Vienna

74 secondary school, Klaus

75 kindergarten, langenegg

76 production facility renovation, wolfurt

77 Non profit, education of construction industry Only licensed partner of IPHA for Passive House courses in Canada Upcoming Passive House Courses: Vancouver October Edmonton November Cranbrook Feb 4 8, 2013

78 fire station

79 Super market Photo: Rainer

80 Schiestlhaus, 2154m

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