»»» Committee 11 Climate action

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2 2»»» Committee 11 Climate action I There is a significant success in achieving many goals, stated in the Millennium Declaration. The world level of poverty reduced twice and tends to decrease further. The number of children attending to a primary school has never been as great as it is nowadays. The child mortality has halved. Nearly 2,6 billion people got access to more water sources. The world investments aimed on treating HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria increased twice. The UN is convinced that the Sustainable Development Goals will be achieved with the same success. Agenda of development till 2030 was declared at the high-level session in September, A complex of universal and practically oriented goals was presented at this session to continue the global partnership in order to support the civil sector, the private sector and science community. In order to achieve the Sustainable Development goals the government, the private sector, the civil community and all people worldwide should be united. One of the 17 declared goals is the problem of climate action. CO2 emissions associated with human activity reached their historical peak. The climate action, encouraged by the economic raise and the increasing population makes significant influence on humanity as well as on the nature in every country on every continent. With the increase of the temperature on the whole Earth, the amount of snow reduced whereas the sea level rises. According to widespread predictions the temperature on the Earth will continue rising and if any meres are not taken the temperature increase will exceed 3 degrees centigrade. As climate action influences significantly the economic development, the rational consumption of the natural resources and ending poverty became an obligate part of sustainable development. Inexpensive and effective solutions of the climate action will help to avoid the instability and provide the stable developing economy. Solving a problem of climate action will assist to create appropriate conditions for stable permanent and sustainable development. Moreover, if the global community reaches the goal of preventing the climate action, they will be able to have effect on the problems, which are associated with the climate (e.g. desertification, floods, epidemics etc). The statistical data collected for many years emphasizes the importance of climate action problem. Form 1880 to 2012 the average the temperature increase was 0,85 degrees centigrade, as the increase on every 1 degree reduces the cereal plants crop on approximately 5 percent. From 1981 to 2002 the crop of wheat, corn and other most important plants reduced on 40 megatons a year. The increase of the oceans temperature and the decrease of the amount of snow worldwide led to the sea level rise. From 1901 to 2010 the average sea rise was 19 centimeters as a result of increase of the amount of water in oceans worldwide. From 1979 every decade the decrease of the Arctic pack ice has been 1,07 square kilometers.

3 3 If the only possible plot will not be realized, according to the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere nowadays which also tends to increase, the temperature rise compared with the level of will exceed 1,5 degrees centigrade and the world ocean temperature will tend to rise. Glaciers will melt faster and the sea level will continue rising and by 2065 the increase of the sea level will be centimeters, by the 2100 the increase of the sea level will be centimeters. The majority of climate action impacts will remain for ages even if the world community manages to stop the emission. Since 1990, the CO2 emission rose has been approximately 50%. From 2000 to 2010 the amount of emission rise reached its peak. In case of using wide variety of technical measures and change in the model of behavior there is a possibility to make the temperature rise at the level of 2 degrees centigrade above the level of preindustrial age. II I firmly believe and hope that there are important reasons to be optimistic about the fact that we will be able to declare this general and highly ambitious agreement on climate change which is the first in the UN history. I hope it will provide us with a better future noticed the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon before the beginning of the Paris conference. According to results of the Paris conference on climate action problems and held during 30 September 12 December 2015, the global community should maintain the increase in the global average temperature well below 2 degrees centigrade above preindustrial levels. Moreover, it will pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase by 1.5 degrees centigrade above preindustrial levels recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. UN acknowledges that the support of the climate change increase should not pose a threat to provisions production. The developed countries should continue reduction of the greenhouse gases, which cause contamination of soil, air and water, and make effort to reduce its emission to the zero point. The developing countries should take all affordable measures to reduce the emission and transit to target values of restriction. Developing countries are provided with assistance by developed ones to take measures aimed on enhancing their climate action compensating their losses from transition to sustainable development. Moreover the UN denoted the plan that has to facilitate the reduction of greenhouse gases emission and assistance at transition to sustainable development headed by Conference of parties, operating in the capacity of the consultation of the Paris Agreement session to be operated by its members on a voluntary basis. The agreement leads the following purposes: (a) To promote the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development; (b) To incentivize and facilitate participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by public and private entities authorized by a Party; (c) To contribute to the reduction of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from mitigation activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by another Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and (d) To deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions. The main difference between the Paris

4 4 Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol is that the agreement, which was accepted in 2015, does not include market approach in distributing the quotas. Instead of that, all the allocations of the funds will facilitate support of developing countries which exceed their personal frameworks. These measures make the agreement affordable for developing countries. The Concept of sustainable development declares to recognize that the Framework convention of climate change, which was presented by the United Nations Organization in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, is the main intergovernmental base for coordinating the global reaction on the climate change. Countries that follow the conception of sustainable development are aimed to solve the problems which were created as a result of climate change and environmental degradation issues. The global scale of climate action involves a close cooperation of the world community. The partnership should be aimed on the decrease of the greenhouse gases emissions worldwide as well as the solution of the problems associated with negative consequences of the climate change. The UN expresses deep concern about the difference between the target values which should be reached by 2020 and limit the temperature increase above 2 or 1,5 degrees centigrade above the level of pre-industrial age, which was mentioned in the Paris Agreement. According to the results of the Sustainable Development Concept that was declared at the COP 21, all countries were interested in making an ambitious and general climate agreement. It completely corresponds to the Sustainable Development Concept and the majority of countries hopes for productive cooperation as well. association with the Paris Agreement. This new Agreement is a demonstration of solidarity. This ambitious project will lead the direction of our policy for many years and it has to be reliable, Ban Ki-moon said. You were right deciding that current circumstances are not the end but just the first step. We agreed to reconsider our duties every five years form 2018 according to the science requirements. noted the UN Secretary General. New arrangement includes measures aimed on support developing countries on climate change problems. Developed countries took the lead in financial and technical assistance. Developing states also obliged to take all action needed to achieve the Climate action SDG. The governments declared obligatory for everyone, strict and understandable Traffic Laws aimed to be followed by all countries said Ban Ki-moon Today we finally can envisage our children and grandchildren and say that we all arranged to leave the world which is more comfortable for life then it is now to future generations. The UN chief reminded that time to make new decisions had gone. He hoped that the world leaders would save the spirit of cooperation that they felt in Paris. Thereby, there is a positive trend in international cooperation associated with climate action in the nearest future. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon pays the world leaders attention on the success that has been reached as a result of

5 5 Sources english_.pdf dioxideemissions hotspot_map/brazil.cfm hotspot_map/germany.cfm 35.

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