Utility metering and controls: what is changing, and why? Sarah Darby.

Transcription

1 Utility metering and controls: what is changing, and why? Sarah Darby

2 What lies behind the changes? Renewal of electricity networks is under way, to replace ageing equipment accommodate more distributed renewable generation accommodate changing patterns of demand avoid investment in peaking plant, copper, holes in the road etc Climate and energy/water security policy to reduce demand decarbonise supply reduce wastage electrify heating and personal transport Developments in ICT make responsive networks viable for all utilities BCS 19 March

3 Note: at present, all fluctuations are dealt with from the supply side by quickly generating more power, e.g. from spinning reserve or hydro. But they could be addressed by adjusting demand known as demand response. BCS 19 March

4 BCS 19 March

5 Smart grid definitions An electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. (EU SmartGrid Platform) An upgraded energy network to which 2- way digital communication between supplier and consumer, smart metering and monitoring and control systems have been added. (EC, 2012) BCS 19 March

6 Demand and supply side functions in electricity grids Overall demand reduction Changed practices rethinking energy services, conservation Investment in efficiency Static peak shifting Day-ahead energy markets Static time-of-use tariffs Dynamic peak shifting Critical peak pricing / CP rebates Direct load control at critical times (Continuous balancing, macro and micro ) Automated frequency regulation) Base load generation Peak generation Continuous load balancing Non-spinning and spinning reserve programmes Source: VaasaETT, Pöyry and ECI work on metrics for smart grids, for the EC. BCS 19 March 2012

7 Peak electricity savings in residential trials of demand response worldwide, using higher prices at times of peak demand (N= no. of trials) 7

8 Peak savings by region, showing the significance of local factors such as end-uses, pricing, regulation, social norms 8

9 EC requirements on energy visibility to assist in demand reduction and energy management: meters Final customers for electricity, gas, district heating/cooling and domestic hot water to have competitively priced individual meters accurately reflecting actual energy consumption and actual time of use - Article 13, of EU Energy Services Directive, (Later Directives have reinforced this requirement). BCS 19 March

10 EC requirements on energy visibility: billing Billing must be clear and based on actual consumption ( where appropriate ), and be frequent enough to enable customers to regulate their own energy consumption. Should include comparison of current consumption with same period in previous year, preferably in graphical form where possible and useful, give comparisons with average normalised user in same category give contact information for consumers organisations etc Article 13, EU-ESD, 2006 BCS 19 March

11 Smart Meter specification for GB (DECC, Dec 2009) BCS 19 March 2012

12 Data protection Data protection by design requires to implement... appropriate technical and organisational measures and procedures in such a way that the processing will meet the requirements of Directive 95/46/EC and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject. Data protection by default requires to implement mechanisms for ensuring that, by default, only those personal data are processed which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing and are especially not collected or retained beyond the minimum necessary for those purposes, both in terms of the amount of the data and the time of their storage. ( _grids_recommendation_en.pdf) BCS 19 March

13 EC Recommendations on preparations for the roll-out of smart metering systems (5) one of the key tasks and preconditions for using smart metering systems is to find appropriate technical and legal solutions which safeguard protection of personal data as a fundamental right...and stakeholders should ensure... That smart metering system applications are monitored and that the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals are respected (10) Data protection and information security features should be built into smart metering systems before they are rolled out...[they] can improve consumers control over processing of personal data. Member States should strongly encourage network operators to incorporate data protection by design and data protection by default settings in deployment of smart grids and smart metering. ( endation_en.pdf) BCS 19 March

14 Summary Smart grids are evolving around the world to meet national and local requirements for more responsive and efficient electricity systems that incorporate distributed renewable generation. They have the potential to allow for demand response a move away from the old predict and provide model, where supply has followed demand. Ethical issues about data security and protection; also about risk, diversity, equity and control. To get an idea of what is happening in the UK, see pilot projects funded by the Low Carbon networks Fund. BCS 19 March