Technologies for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds in hospital wastewater

Transcription

1 AQUAbase Workshop Mitigation Technologies , Aachen Technologies for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds in hospital wastewater Silvio Beier*, Johannes Pinnekamp* Horst Fr. Schröder*, Claudia Cramer* Wilhelm Gebhardt*, Uwe Bieling* Christian Mauer**, Dorothea M. Selke*** *, Germany ** Pöyry GKW GmbH, Germany *** North Rhine Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV), Germany 1 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

2 Outline Gliederung Introduction Introduction and motivation R&D-Project Technologies for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds Conclusions and outlook 2 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

3 Outline Introduction media coverage Pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater spiegel online, Pharmaceutical cocktails in drinking water could be a problem in the future 3Sat, Wastewater treatment plants fail to pharmaceuticals eliminate Open pr, AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

4 Outline Introduction Active pharmaceutical ingredient are excreted unmetabolised to the environment up to 90 % by human beings ecotoxicological, endocrine and genotoxic impacts formation of drug-resistant microorganisms Residues of pharmaceuticals can be detected in concentration above 1 µg/l in influents and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants Hospital wastewater is an important point source of the pollution of the aquatic environment with pharmaceutical compounds (greater than 20 %) Separate collection and treatment of hospital effluents for eliminating nutrients and micro-pollutants is one possibility to face these problems 4 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

5 Hospital wastewater Landfill leachate 1 5 % Households % Municipal wastewater treatment plants Hospitals and residential home for the elderly % Water works Drinking water [Sources: Baumgartner, 2004; Alder, 2005] 5 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

6 Hospital wastewater Results of former R&D-Projects in NRW prove that especially Flame retardants Pharmaceuticals Hormones and X-Ray contrast media cannot be rejected by conventional technologies of wastewater treatment Development of new concepts for hospital wastewater treatment 6 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

7 Hospital wastewater R&D-Project: Elimination of pharmaceutical compounds in hospital wastewater by means of membrane technologies and tertiary treatment 7 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

8 Hospital wastewater Financial support: Partners: Ministry of the Environment and Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalis State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV) 8 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

9 Hospital wastewater Objectives: Development and construction of a treatment plant for the Waldbröl hospital in order to eliminate pharmaceuticals and nutrients (point-of-usetechnology) Separation of wastewater and rainwater flows in the hospital to minimize dilution Optimization a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) with mechanical pretreatment, nitrification-, permeate- and membrane-tanks for removing nutrients and solids Development of a most suitable tertiary treatment technology for the elimination of pharmaceuticals Monitoring the local municipal wastewater treatment plant to evaluate the effects of the point-of-use-treatment 9 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

10 Hospital wastewater Hospital Waldbröl 10 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

11 Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl 398 beds and approx. 400 employees Hospital wards: cardiology pneumology gastroenterology/metabolic disorder surgery radiology/nuclear medicine gynaecological hospital/maternity clinic Intensive care medicine palliative care Sterilisation, kitchen, laundry and pharmacy Indirect discharger: classification as high pollutant discharger Wastewater levy of the KKH is around 220,000 /a 11 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

12 Hospital wastewater MBR Waldbröl Wastewater Fine screen (1 mm mesh width) Stormwater Primary settlement tank (V = 21 m³) Stormwater tank Areation Tank (V = 56 m³, MLSS = g/l) Recirculation Filtration tank (V = 102 m³, operating flux: 12,5 l/(m²h)) Waldbröl Tertiary Treatment? Municipal Wastewater Treatment City of Waldbröl 12 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

13 Hospital wastewater 13 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

14 Hospital wastewater Permeabilität Permeability 20 C [l/(m²hbar)] [l/(m²*h*bar)] Permeabilität Permeability bei Standardtemperatur (20 C) Temperatureim Belebungsbecken Temperatur Belebung [ C] Temperature [ C] 14 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

15 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema AOP Activated Carbon Membrane Technology [Source: EU-Poseidon 2004] 15 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

16 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Pilot plants for the tertiary treatment: NF/RO Pilot MBR for activated carbon 16 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

17 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Analysis Substance specific analysis Combination of substance specific and impact related analysis Impact related analysis 17 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

18 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Selection of relevant substances Pharmaceuticals used in the KKH Waldbröl are recorded by the hospital s pharmacy Database including the name of the drug, active component, size of trading unit and issued amount Screening using LC-MS for the most-issued active compounds in 2006 Criteria for the selection of the relevant substances: Persistence of the substance Coverage of different groups of active agents and indication areas Availability of validated and robust methods for analysis 18 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

19 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Selection of relevant substances Discussed relevant substances Bezafibrat (lipid lowering medication) Bisoprolol (beta blocker) Carbamazepin (anticonvulsant) Clarithromycin (antibiotic) Diclofenac (antirheumatic agent) Floxacine (antibiotic) Metronidazol (antibiotic) Ibuprofen (antirheumatic agent) Telmisartan (antihypertensive) Tramodol (opioid-analgetic) X-ray contrast media 19 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

20 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Impact related analysis: Cytotoxicity: microscopic image, vitality of microorganisms, detection of NH 4+ /NO 2- -oxidative MO, assay for inhibition of nitrification, TTCassay, detection of ROS Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens-Assay Aquatic Biotests: luminous bacteria assay, Daphnia magna assay, algae assay, duckweed assay Proof of endocrine disrupting compounds Enzyme-linked receptor assay (ELRA) Genetic toxicity (LANUV): umuc-assay, Ames-assay 20 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

21 Pilotprojekt Hospital wastewater KKH R&D-Project Waldbröl: Verfahrensschema Technologies Conclusions For the first time different treatment technologies for the elimination of pharmaceuticals are used for treading the complete hospital wastewater. The technologies validation is based on substance specific and impact related analysis as well as economic aspects. The most promising technology will be installed and used for daily treatment. Are point of use-solutions useful? 21 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007

22 Thank you for your attention. 22 AQUAbase Workshop, 28 th september 2007