Advanced Biofuels from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Dr. Tijs Lammens, BTG Bioliquids B.V.

Transcription

1 Advanced Biofuels from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Dr. Tijs Lammens, BTG Bioliquids B.V. ETIP Bioenergy Workshop Emerging Technologies 4 June 2018, Brussels

2 What is Fast Pyrolysis? Thermal cracking of organic material in the absence of oxygen Main Product = Liquid Bio-oil Process conditions: T = C P = atmospheric By products: Heat (Steam) Power (Electricity) Works with most lignocellulosic (non-edible) feedstocks Wood chips, sugar cane bagasse, straw, sunflower husk, etc. Typical Pyrolysis Oil Characteristics Composition C 2 H 5 O 2 Density kg/m 3 Heating value GJ/m 3 Water content wt.% Ash < 0.1 wt.% Acidity(pH)

3 Commercial Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Production Heat + P (32 E%) Wood residue (5 dry t/h) FPBO 65 wt% / 56 E% 3

4 Commercial Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Production Empyro in Hengelo, the Netherlands Plant Data: Capacity 120 tonnes of dry wood residue/day Feedstock Wood Residue Output per year 4 Oil 20 million litres Electricity 2,200 MWh Steam 80,000 tonnes CO2- eq. reduction 24,000 tonnes Plant Milestones: Mar 2015 Start-up May 2015 First oil delivery to FrieslandCampina May mil. liters (30 kton) FPBO produced Plant now runs steadily at design capacity

5 Fast Pyrolysis in the Bio-Based Economy 1. Biomass conversion Local processing Returning minerals 2. FPBO transport Biomass liquified 12x densified 3. Processing & distribution Centralized Existing infrastructure Refinery Biomass Collection Fast Pyrolysis Conversion Biorefinery Power & Heat Production FPBO, the link between agricultural & petrochemical industries! 5

6 Advanced biofuels: standalone & co-processing Existing infrastructure to refinery to blending to customer standalone co-processing Co-processing in existing refinery units (e.g. FCC) ~ TRL 6, demo scale Standaloneroute, using new conversion units (e.g. hydrotreaters) & existing blending infrastructure ~ TRL 5, pilot scale 6

7 BTL - Technip Collaboration Rolling out Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil technology & commercial production: Complete turnkey (EPC) delivery of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) units Operational support for commercial production of pyrolysis oil About TechnipFMC: 7 Global footprint with ~45,000 people in 45 Countries Technology leader in Hydrogen, Ethylene, Refining & Petrochemical >35 years experience in development, design and construction of its own (S&W) FCC technology

8 Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit in a refinery 8

9 Co-FCC of FPBO, how does it work? Typical FCC scheme: Commercial FCC yields: 4 wt% 14 wt% Coke: 5 wt% 50 wt% 20 wt% } 7 wt% Bottoms Figure adapted from U.S. Energy Information Administration 9

10 Co-FCC of FPBO, what happens to the yields? Co-processing 5-10 wt-% FPBO has little impact on yields of the wanted products: : 74 wt-% : 74 wt-% : 71 wt-% 10 Data: Petrobras 2015 & 2017, using FPBO from both BTG & Ensyn in a 150 kg/h FCC demo unit

11 Co-FCC of FPBO, where does the biomass go? Half of the mass of FPBO comes from oxygen atoms, in water or oxygenates: 10% co-fcc About 15% of the FPBO (30% of the bio-c) becomes FCC-gasoline + diesel. The rest of the bio-c is not lost, and still reduces the use of crude oil for other products (e.g. LPG, olefins, marine fuels,...) and energy! Other products eligible for carbon credits? Mass-balance system? 11 Data: Petrobras 2015, using FPBO from BTG in a 150 kg/h FCC demo unit

12 Costs of technologies for advanced biofuels 12 Source: Sustainable Transport Forum, Sub Group on Advanced Biofuels, 2017, final report

13 Summary & perspectives Traditional bio-oils have made a great inroad to refining industry. Government mandate for advanced biofuels requires refiners to look at an alternative way to meeting the obligations. Co-processing crude Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil in FCC units can be a viable way to meet renewable fuel requirements, with little to no impact on refinery operations when co-processing small shares (5-10 wt-%). Co-processing higher FPBO shares to get more bio-c in the products can be achieved with a mild FPBO hydrotreatment step.* It is feasible to retrofit existing FCC units at low implement capital cost, resulting in relatively low production price of advanced biofuels. EU FCC capacity is about 140 Mton/y. Co-processing 10 wt-% FPBO in these units provides a potential for >500 Empyro-sized FPBO plants. * Venderbosch et al. 2018, paper in preparation 13

14 Why adv. biofuels from Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil? Decouple biomass resource from location and scale of application Works with a variety of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks Produces a homogeneous liquid, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil is easier to store and transport than solid biomass due to significant volume reduction (on average 12 X) High overall efficiency of > 85% Versatile application: Heat, power and transportation fuels Utilize existing fossil fuel infrastructure: Pyrolysis oil provides a viable link between the agriculture and (petro-) chemical industry. Renewable feedstock for petrochemical industry in the production of advanced biofuels. 14

15 Thank you! 15