Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise

Transcription

1 Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise 1, Massimo Garai 2 1 convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium 2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

2 Content of the presentation 1. Introduction 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) 3. The whole framework under the product standard 4. The supporting standards: a. Acoustic performances b. Non-Acoustic performances c. Long term performances d. Sustainability 5. Conclusions CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

3 CEN / TC226 / WG6: Working Group started in 1990 TC226 : Technical Committee for road equipment WG6 : Working Group for Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) WG6 has 4 dedicated Task Groups: TG1. acoustic characteristics TG2. non acoustic characteristics (mechanical, safety & environmental) TG3. fire concerns (reaction to fire) TG4. sustainability 1. Introduction CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

4 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Noise barriers CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

5 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Noise barriers (Absorptive) Claddings CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

6 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Noise barriers (Absorptive) Claddings Road Covers CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

7 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Noise barriers (Absorptive) Claddings Road Covers (Structural Elements) Added Devices CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

8 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Noise barriers (Absorptive) Claddings Road Covers (Structural Elements) Added Devices All those devices are now covered by EN standards CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

9 3.The whole framework under the product standard noise reducing devices (NRD's) acoustic characteristics non acoustic characteristics insertion loss (extrinsic) intrinsic characteristics mechanical characteristics safety characteristics environmental characteristics sound absorption or reflection airborne sound insulation intrinsic diffraction depends on the environment CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

10 3.The whole framework under the product standard reflected wave absorbed wave T diffracted wave transmitted wave CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

11 3.The whole framework under the product standard noise reducing devices (NRD's) acoustic characteristics non acoustic characteristics insertion loss (extrinsic) intrinsic characteristics mechanical characteristics safety characteristics environmental characteristics sound absorption or reflection airborne sound insulation intrinsic diffraction depends on the environment Durability Sustainabilty CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

12 3.The whole framework under the product standard acoustic characteristics noise reducing devices (NRD's) non acoustic characteristics Product standard Supporting standards insertion loss (extrinsic) intrinsic characteristics mechanical characteristics safety characteristics environmental characteristics sound absorption or reflection airborne sound insulation intrinsic diffraction depends on the environment Durability Sustainabilty CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

13 Road traffic noise reducing devices (product) Specifications EN (2015) Product standard Test method for determining the acoustic performance set of EN 1793 Non acoustic performance set of EN 1794 Procedures for assessing long term performance set of EN14389 Part 1 : Intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions EN (2012) Part 2 : Intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation under diffuse sound field conditions EN (2012) Part 3 : Normalized traffic noise spectrum EN (1997) Part 4 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ values of sound diffraction EN (2015) Part 5 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions EN (2015) Part 6 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ values of airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions EN (2012) Part 1 : Mechanical performance and stability requirements EN (2011) wind load and static load self weight impact of stones safety in collision dynamic load from snow clearance Part 2 : General safety and environmental requirements EN (2011) resistance to brushwood fire risk of falling debris environmental protection means of escape in emergency light reflection transparency Part 3: Reaction to fire, Burning behaviour and classification EN (2016) Part 1 : acoustical characteristics EN (2015) Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics EN (2015) Sustainability (work started) Supporting standards EN is an Harmonized standard under CPR 305/2011 (Construction Product Regulation) CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

14 4. a. Acoustic characteristics characteristics ONLY for tunnels AND DIFFUSE sound field laboratory ISO based methods DIRECT sound field in-situ Adrienne & Quiesst based methods Sound absorption EN Sound reflection pren Sound insulation EN Sound insulation EN Reference spectrum EN Reference spectrum EN e = w + h 1 + h 2 w / e 0,25 Pure in laboratory tests intrinsic products characteristics Diffraction index difference EN CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

15 4. a. Acoustic characteristics characteristics ONLY for tunnels AND DIFFUSE sound field laboratory ISO based methods DIRECT sound field in-situ Adrienne & Quiesst based methods ALL the other «open field» applications Sound absorption EN Sound reflection pren INCLUDING in-situ products / works validations e = w + h 1 + h 2 w / e 0,25 Pure in laboratory tests Sound insulation EN Reference spectrum EN intrinsic products characteristics Sound insulation EN Reference spectrum EN Diffraction index difference EN In situ tests characterising NRD s as they are used where they are used that and -2 are unable to (e.g.: non flat NRD s) year after year in situ control CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

16 reminder: history of NRDs testing NRDs previously always tested under diffuse field (ISO) open field diffuse field CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

17 But MOST of the NRDs are used under DIRECT sound field conditions: Need for corresponding fair test methods Adrienne (1998) QUIESST(2012) CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

18 ADRIENNE QUIESST CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

19 4. a. Acoustic characteristics characteristics ONLY for tunnels + DIFFUSE sound field laboratory ISO based methods DIRECT sound field in-situ Adrienne & Quiesst based methods ALL the other «open field» applications Sound absorption EN Sound reflection pren INCLUDING in-situ products / works validations e = w + h 1 + h 2 w / e 0,25 Pure in laboratory tests Sound insulation EN Reference spectrum EN intrinsic products characteristics Sound insulation EN Reference spectrum EN Diffraction index difference EN In situ tests, characterising NRD s as they are used where they are used that and -2 are unable to (e.g.: non flat NRD s) year after year in situ control CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

20 s ound absorption (diffuse sound field) ISO 354 based laboratory method with specific mounting conditions (following the intended use ) This standard was the 1 st one used since more than 30 years for characterizing NRD, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to , its use is restricted to diffuse field applications L 1 2 h f CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

21 s ound insulation (diffuse sound field) ISO (set of standards) based laboratory method with specific mounting conditions (following the intended use ) This standard was also the one previously used for characterizing NRDs, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to , its use is restricted to diffuse field applications CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

22 s ound reflection (diffuse sound field) Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample, and in the free field, with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

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26 s ound insulation (direct sound field) Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample, and in the free field, with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

27 s ound insulation (direct sound field) Airborne sound insulation measurements are done: through the acoustic elements AND at the posts CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

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31 (intrinsic) sound diffraction Specific NRD s designed to be added on the top of existing NRD s ADDED DEVICES their effectiveness strongly depends on sourcereceiver relative positions extremely varying effectiveness can we characterise an intrinsic diffraction? definition of diffraction index the diffraction index difference characterises the added device CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

32 sound diffraction (direct sound field) Measurements with and without the added device on a reflective wall and on an absorptive wall DI refl = DIad, refl DI0, refl with without DI abs = DIad, abs DI0, abs CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

33 4. b. Non acoustic characteristics Non acoustic performance set of EN 1794 Part 1 : Mechanical performance and stability requirements EN (2011) Part 2 : General safety and environmental requirements EN (2011) Part 3: Reaction to fire Burning behaviour and classification EN (2016) CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

34 4. b. Non acoustic characteristics Part 1 : Mechanical performance and stability requirements EN (2011) wind load and static load self weight impact of stones safety in collision dynamic load from snow clearance CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

35 CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

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37 4. b. Non acoustic characteristics Part 2 : General safety and environmental requirements EN (2011) resistance to brushwood fire risk of falling debris environmental protection means of escape in emergency light reflection transparency CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

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39 Risk of falling debris (now: shattered properties) in case of severe impact: dangerous debris panel detachment restraint systems may be necessary CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

40 Environmental protection identify products or constituent materials that could have with time adverse effects on the environment: under natural exposure in case of fire also: identify products or materials that could be recycled CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

41 Light reflection smooth surfaces depending on the angle of incidence danger of disability glare for drivers specific of products and site conditions CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

42 4. b. Non acoustic characteristics Part 3: Reaction to fire Burning behaviour and classification EN (2016) CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

43 4. c. Long term performances Procedures for assessing long term performance set of EN14389 Part 1 : acoustical characteristics EN (2015) Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics EN (2015) durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD s can be: made of different materials combine different materials different materials are not ageing in the same way combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing ageing affects NRD s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

44 4. c. Long term performances Procedures for assessing long term performance set of EN14389 Part 1 : acoustical characteristics EN (2015) Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics EN (2015) durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD s can be: made of different materials combine different materials different materials are not ageing in the same way combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing ageing affects NRD s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

45 4. c. Long term performances Procedures for assessing long term performance set of EN14389 Part 1 : acoustical characteristics EN (2015) Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics EN (2015) CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

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47 4. d. Sustainability CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

48 Technical Social Technical Social 4. Removal/Demolition 1. Design/Consultancy/ Planning Economical Economical Environmental Environmental Sustainability of a NRD project throughout its whole lifecycle (4 stages!!!) Technical Social Technical 3. Usage/Maintenance/ Repair Social Environmental 2. Construction/ Manufacturing/ Contracting Economical Economical Environmental TG 4 is now defining sustainability through key performance indicators (KPI for measuring, monitoring, and reporting the NRD sustainability performances CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

49 5. Conclusions since 1990, CEN TC226 WG6 drafts a comprehensive set of standards allowing fair comparison of different Road Noise Reducing Devices (NRD) on the EU market These standards do consider the major characteristics that every project should include in order to have optimized noise reduction for many years This endlessly challenging work implies all the relevant EU stakeholders The standards are continuously updated in order to be in line with the state of the art CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September

50 Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise 1, Massimo Garai 2 1 convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium 2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8 th & 9 th of September