Innovative Recycling Processes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Transcription

1 Würzburg Innovative Recycling Processes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Bronnbach BASF Innovation Day September 14th, 2018 Alzenau Hanau Andreas Bittner, Fraunhofer ISC Bayreuth Pictures: ISC

2 Innovative Recycling Approach Basic Process Principle Disassembly to Cell Level Battery Cell Fragmentation Physical Materials Separation Recovery of Materials Fractions Picture: ISC

3 Innovative Recycling Approach Electrohydraulic Fragmentation Electrodes Reactor Water Shock waves Battery cells Materials selective battery cell fragmentation via shock waves Illustration: ISC

4 Innovative Recycling Approach Physical Materials Separation Sieving (see picture), filtering and air-flow sorting Sensor-based sorting (optical, infrared) Current and magnetic separation Wet separation table Flotation Fine fraction Coarse fractions Illustration: fuchsag.com

5 Innovative Recycling Approach Recovered Metals, Polymers and Electrode Materials Picture: ISC

6 Innovative Recycling Approach Comparison with Pure Metallurgical Recycling Advantages and potentials: Higher recycling efficiency by recovery of polymers and graphites Reuse of battery materials without new synthesis Reduced energy and process materials Challenges and disadvantages: Current througputs for battery recycling on technical or lab scale Influence of cell type to fragmentation efficiency Disassembly to cell level necessary

7 Pilot Plants at Fraunhofer ISC Fragmentation Plant Working voltage: kv Reactor volume: 40 l Automated control Batch operation (*) Modular Sorting Line Flexible process configuration High availability of data Fully automated system Continuous operation Pictures: ImpulsTec (top) and Fraunhofer ISC (bottom) *Plant with continuous operation and 0.5 t/h throughput under construction

8 Battery Recycling Projects ECO COM'BAT (EU Project, ) Specific tasks: recycling concept for new Li battery, recovery of electrode production residues Coordination: Fraunhofer ISC/IWKS NeW-Bat (German Project, ) Fragmentation of battery cells, recovery of active materials and remanufacturing to pilot cells Coordination: Fraunhofer ISC/IWKS AutoBatRec2020 (EU Project, ) Improved recycling value chain for traction batteries, including semi-automated disassembly Coordination: Fraunhofer ISC/IWKS

9 Poster Presentation Ecological Composites for High-Efficient Li-Ion Batteries (ECO COM'BAT) Activity: Upscaling Project Automotive Battery Recycling 2020 Activity: Upscaling Project Objective The objective of the project is to combine green and high-performance materials and to upscale their production for the next generation of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. Key Data K & I Themes: Recycling and material chain optimization for end-of-life products Design of products and services for the circular economy Consortium: Battery Materials Improvements Focus Markets: Energy supply Mobility Sustainable & high energy active materials (NMC 622 of Umicore) High capacity and high voltage High energy density Project Start: Jan. 1, 2018 Protective coatings for active materials (ORMOCER - trademark of Fraunhofer) Carbons with specific porous structure (Porocarb - trademark of Heraeus) Carbon nanotubes as conductive additives (Graphistrength - trademark of Arkema) High-voltage electrolyte with lithium salt LiFSI (latest development of Arkema) Consortium High Li + and e - conductivity High power density High electrode compaction High energy/power density Reduced electrode degradation Improved cycle life Reduced critical materials content Sustainability Duration: 3 years Scope - Closed recycling loop for automotive batteries - Concepts for upscaled battery disassembly and recycling plants ( tons per year) - New exploitation possibilities for recycled materials - Sustainable supply of critical raw materials for the European high-tech industry Fraunhofer (Germany), Arkema (France), Umicore (Belgium), SAFT (France), CEA (France), CSIC (Spain), ENEA (Italy), VITO (Belgium), TU Darmstadt (Germany), and Customcells (Germany) Work packages Activities Upscaling of materials production to TRL 7 Battery cell manufacturing on a pilot level Cell testing according to industrial standards Simulation of the battery cell performance Work package 0: Feasibility Study - Definition of outputs and markets - Prove overall project feasibility - Estimate invest cost and other premises Work package 1: Battery Supply - Supply of end-oflife batteries from waste streams - Characterisation of input material - Testing of end-oflife batteries - Design for recycling Work package 2: Industrial Battery Recycling - Upscaling and automation of disassembly - Mechanical preprocessing - Separation of material fractions Work package 3: New Exploitation Possibilities - Component reuse concepts - Battery material recycling - Economical and ecological validation ISC Application of innovative recycling process Work package 4: Project Coordination Contact: Dr. Andreas Bittner, Fraunhofer ISC, , andreas.bittner@isc.fraunhofer.de Johannes Öhl, Fraunhofer Project Group IWKS, , johannes.oehl@isc.fraunhofer.de

10 European Lithium Institute Virtual institute for strategic battery materials along the value chain Illustration: ISC

11 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Andreas Bittner Head of New Business Development Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz Würzburg Germany andreas.bittner@isc.fraunhofer.de Prisms, 3D-micro-patterned by fs-laser-induced polymerization (2PP) ISC