Energy Efficient Technologies (EET) in Europe

Transcription

1 Programme of actions towards Factor 4 in existing social housings in Europe Deliverable 6 Energy Efficient Technologies (EET) in Europe 31 July Authors: Philippe Outrequin Outrequin.philippe@wanadoo.fr Crdd La Calade, F Ole Jansen obo@cenergia.dk Cenergia, DK Sergio Bottiglioni/Angelo Mingozzi studio@ricercaeprogetto.it Jean-Alain Meunier Ja.meunier@habitat-territoires.com HTC, F Catherine Charlot-Valdieu ccv@wanadoo.fr Ricerca e Progetto, I SUDEN, F Reinhard Jank Reinhard.jank@volkswohnung.com Volkswohnung, D Jana Suler serj@abstral.ro APDL, Ro Project partly funded by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION Intelligent Energy Executive Agency Grant agreement EIE/05/076/S Ricerca & Progetto, Cenergia, La Calade, HTC, Moulins Habitat, Volkswohnung, APDL and SUDEN

2 Factor 4 Deliverable 6 The Energy Efficient Technologies in Europe in the Factor 4 models 2

3 Summary REMINDER UPON THE FACTOR 4 PROJECT INTRODUCTION Objective of the Energy Efficient Technology sheets Technical data sources Presentation of the content of each energy efficient technology sheet The list of energy efficient technologies managed in the Factor 4 models THE ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY SHEETS Heating Sanitary hot water Electricity... 8 ANNEX: THE TECHNOLOGY SHEETS 3

4 Reminder upon the Factor 4 project The Factor 4 project follows the Sustainable Development World Strategy worked out in Johannesburg in 2002 and aims at working out: - an operational tool (Factor 4 models for the countries involved in the project) for working out a territorial strategy for social housing towards the factor 4 and for a long term management of the building stock of any European social owner on the one hand, - recommendations for all the actors concerned illustrated by the identification of problems and by demonstration actions on the other hand. Factor 4 deals with existing social housing buildings which will still be there in for improving their energy efficiency by a minimum of 30 % in a short term and more in a long term and using renewable energy, in order to participate to the reduction of greenhouse effect gas (GEG) emission by a factor 4 before The key products, with their use and impacts, generated by - or expected from our Factor 4 project are: - A Factor 4 model for social owners of at least 3 countries (Denmark, France and Italy), easy to use and directly usable by social owners themselves for their buildings. This tool should be helpful too for the management strategy of their whole building stock, taking into account energy and the energetic risks. As the Factor 4 model allows to work out various scenarii, it will help to get an idea of what would be the best strategy for the building stock as well as for some specific buildings. At the building scale the Factor 4 model will complete the technical diagnosis with economical data. This Factor 4 model will be also an economic tool to be used with the Energy Performance Building diagnosis (which is only a technical diagnosis according to the European Directive). In regeneration projects at the neighbourhood scale such as in URBACT or in national programmes (ANRU in France, NRU in UK, Contratti di quartieri in Italy ), the Factor 4 model can be also a decision aid tool for selecting the buildings to be demolished or to be hardly (or softly) renovated. This decision aid tool will be usable by social owners themselves but also by their financial partners or by local authorities as regarding buildings from various social owners. - (Technical and non technical) problems to solve and recommendations for social owners, local authorities, public administration and banks as regarding energy savings in social housing towards a factor 4 - Demonstration case studies in order to be as operational as possible. Tests will be done upon the building stock of the Factor 4 partners showing how the Factor 4 model can be used and which results can be expected. 1. Introduction 1.1 The objective of the Energy Efficient Technology sheets This deliverable was not in the previous work programme because we thought it can be possible to manage only one model for all the European countries. But the context and the technologies used in each country makes this idea unrealistic for an operational use by social owners. So the model will be different for the various countries involved in the Factor 4 project. As there will be various models, it is important for the end users (id est mainly for social owners) to know which technologies are managed by the model they want to use or by the model they are using already and what are their costs. So, the objective of this deliverable 6 with the Energy Efficient Technology sheets is: - to help the end users to use the model by giving them some explanations, 4

5 - to give to each end user of the model a common data base about the technologies mentioned or dealt with in the Factor 4 model worked out for their country, - to produce simple, non technical and easy understandable dissemination material to promote energy retrofitting inside existing buildings. - To give economic data upon each technology. So each end user can see if the technology he is thinking about or dealing with in his refurbishing programme is in the model he will use (or he is already using). Further more, it will be possible to keep this data base alive by: - translating the data sheets in national language, - by adding new data sheets (if a technology is coming to be used in one country, the model used in the country can be up to dated in coherency and synergy with the other models worked out in the Factor 4 project) - by up to dating the economic data.. These sheets are very simple and, if needed, the end users can use also the documents worked out in the TREES project which is focussed on detailed technology sheets as regarding technical data only. The added value of this deliverable (or of this data base) is to add economic data in these sheets. 1.2 Technical data sources The sources used for writing these energy efficient technology sheets are different according to the country: for the ASCOT model (Denmark) - Data from social owners - Data available in Cenergia database for the SEC model for France Technical and economic data have been collected by the authors (coordinated by La Calade) and are mainly coming from: - social owners: CMH, Maison Girondine, SAGECO - consultants from studies carried out for Moulins Habitat and for OPAC 38 - the Ministry of Industry : technology sheets upon the energy savings certificates - ANAH : Information sheets available in - Ademe, Fédération Française du Bâtiment, COSTIC, Amélioration énergétique des bâtiments existants (without economic data) - Cabinet Sidler for electricity technologies - Industrial companies documentation for Germany - Data from the Vookswohnung database - National data for the BREA model for Italy The data are coming from: - Riferimenti generali per i prezzi delle opere edili della regione Lombardia - Prezzario Appalti Pubblici Regione Emilia Romagna - Comune di Bologna - prezzario ufficiale di riferimento delle opere edili anno Prices extracted from call for tender for rehabilitation and retrofitting works 5

6 - Industrial companies documentation - Data from social owners for Romania - The data are coming from social owners and were collected by Jana Suler for APDL Presentation of the content of each energy efficient technology sheet These sheets are not only technical ones as usually, the input of Factor 4 is to add economic data to usual technical ones. Of course these economic data will probably be different for the various countries and so each technological sheet and the data base itself will have to be regularly up dated on the one hand and completed for other countries on the other hand. For each technology, the data sheet has: - a short general description of the technology, - an image of the technology, - some of the main design details, - the main objective of the technology as regarding energy, - a short specific description, - the main economic data: investment costs, subsidies, lifetime, maintenance/operation costs, potential savings. Up to now 3 versions of the Factor 4 model are available for 3 countries: - the ASCOT model (Assessment of Sustainable COnstruction and Technology cost model) in Denmark (worked out by Cenergia, DK), - the BREA model (Building Retrofitting Energy efficiency Assessment model) in Italy (worked out by Ricerca & Progetto, Italy) - the SEC model (Sustainable Energy Cost model) in France (worked out by Crdd La Calade, France). In France most of social owners do not know the amount of electricity consumption in units, thermal losses nor the heating system yield, but these 3 types of data are absolutely needed for using the ASCOT or BREA models. So the SEC model had to be more sophisticated than the 2 others (but it is as easy to use as the others). 1.4 The list of energy efficient technologies managed in the Factor 4 models This list of technology sheets (in the annex) includes all the technologies the Factor 4 models - ASCOT (for Denmark), BREA (for Italy) and SEC (for France) models - deal with. This data base is linked to the models in order to explain the contents of each model and facilitate its use. This data base is also completed with economic data (prices). At least, this data base can be updated in each country by the partners themselves or social owners associations. It is very important underline that economic values presented in the sheets have to be intended as average values which gives preliminary indications about the performances to be expected and general values. Best economic performances may be obtained when some retrofitting is performed in occasion of extraordinary maintenance works planned on the building. In such cases its possible sometimes pay only the extra cost for materials and their installation since common costs are already included in maintenance. Some technologies of course can be more or less effective and more or less expensive according to materials chosen. Of course the design has to investigate in an holistic ways the plus and minus in order to perform the best choice. For example it s known that insulation panels made of polystyrene 6

7 are less expensive and more performing of any other insulation panel made of natural materials but probably have a worse performance compared on a life cycle analysis base. 2. The Energy Efficient Technology sheets 2.1. Heating Technology sheets dealing with energy savings for heating are labelled with an H. These are techniques that may have relevant implications in reduction of heat losses through the building envelope and in the increase of heating system efficiency. Reduction of energy losses due to heat transmission through the walls, windows, roof and floors: Additional thermal insulation of walls H 6 Additional thermal insulation of floor H 7 Additional thermal insulation of roof H 8 Cold bridges reduction H 9 Windows renovation H 10 Increase of the winter heat gains: Passive solar heat design H 11 Reduction of energy losses due to ventilation and air infiltration: Controlled mechanical ventilation (including ventilation with heat recovery) H 1 Airtightness H 4 As concerning the efficiency of the heating systems the retrofitting deals with different aspects. First of all it is necessary to increase the efficiency in primary energy production, second consider the distribution of hot water in order to reduce losses through pipes and optimize energy consumption of pumps. Moreover when possible it is effective introduce some energy management system and encourage tenants to be energy consciousness. Efficiency in heat production: Boilers / new heating system including CHP H 12 Heat pumps H 15 Efficiency in heat distribution: Pipes insulation H 16 thermo-hydraulic balancing H 2 Management: Individual meters H 3 Tenants behaviour H 5 Building energy management systems (BEMS) H 13 Thermostatic valves H 14 Of course, according to the different climatic regions all the devices introduced, especially those dealing with the building have to be verified according to summer overheating prevention. It is a matter of fact for example that high insulated buildings without any special solar control offer in Mediterranean climate worse summer performances than not insulated ones. 7

8 2.2. Sanitary hot water Technology sheets dealing with energy savings for sanitary hot water are labelled with an W. These are techniques that may have relevant implications in optimising the production, reduce losses in the distribution, introduce devices that reduce the use of water and of course energy management actions. Efficiency in hot water production: Solar heater water W 2 Efficiency in hot water distribution: Hot water distribution lagging (insulation) W 3 Management: Individual meters W 1 Hot Water loop W 4 Hot Water taps W Electricity Technology sheets dealing with electricity savings are labelled with an E. These are techniques that may have relevant implications in optimising the production, reduce consumption of devices both choosing high efficiency ones and by introducing special technical or management solutions. Efficiency in electricity production: PV panels E 8 Low energy consumption devices: Low energy consumption lamps E 1 Hard white goods : grade A or A+ E 5 Roofed clothes drying yards E 9 Collective laundry E 10 Technical solutions to reduce consumptions: Electricity savings through ventilation E 2 Regulation of circulation pumps of individual boilers E 3 Daylight optimisation E 7 Management solutions to reduce consumptions: Tenants behaviour E 4 Closing audiovisual and electric equipment E 6 8

9 ANNEX: THE TECHNOLOGY SHEETS 9

10 TECHNOLOGIES NB Heating Controlled mechanical ventilation (including ventilation with heat recovery) H 1 thermo-hydraulic balancing H 2 Individual meters H 3 Airtightness H 4 Tenants behaviour H 5 Additional thermal insulation of walls H 6 Additional thermal insulation of floor H 7 Additional thermal insulation of roof H 8 Cold bridges reduction H 9 Windows renovation H 10 Passive solar heat design H 11 Boilers / new heating system including CHP H 12 Building energy management systems (BEMS) H 13 Thermostatic valves H 14 Heat pumps H 15 Pipes insulation H 16 Sanitary Hot Water Individual meters W 1 Solar heater water W 2 Hot water distribution lagging (insulation) W 3 Hot Water loop W 4 Hot Water taps W 5 Electricity Low energy consumption lamps E 1 Electricity savings through ventilation E 2 Regulation of circulation pumps of individual boilers E 3 Tenants behaviour E 4 Hard white goods : grade A or A+ E 5 Closing audiovisual and electric equipment E 6 Daylight optimisation E 7 PV panels E 8 Roofed clothes drying yards E 9 Collective laundry E 10 10