ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION

Transcription

1 Ver ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION in accordance with ISO Owner of the declaration: Program operator: Publisher: The Norwegian EPD Foundation Declaration number: Issue date: Valid to: Hydrous ethanol (95,8%)

2 General information Product Owner of the declaration Hydrous ethanol (95,8%) Contact person: Tuva Barnholt Address: Postboks 162, 1701 Sarpsborg Program holder The Norwegian EPD foundation Manufacturer Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo, Hjalmar Wessels vei 10, 1701 Sarpsborg, post@epd-norge.no borregaard@borregaard.com Declaration number Place of production: Sarpsborg, This declaration is based on Product Category Rules: This EPD is made in accordance with PCR 2011:17 v.2.0 (Environdec 2016). Management system: ISO 9001 (Quality Management), ISO (Environmental Management) and ISO (Energy Management) Statements: The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. EPD shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer, life cycle assessment data and evidences. Organisation no: Issue date Valid to Declared unit: The declared unit is 1000 DM of ethanol 96 %. Year of study: 2015 Declared unit with option: 1000 of ethanol 96 % with 1000 km of transportation to customer. Comparability: EPDs from other programmes than the Norwegian EPD foundation may not be comparable. Functional unit: The EPD has been worked out by: Ellen Soldal and Ingunn Saur Modahl Company logo Verification: Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO14025:2010 internal external Approved Third party verifier: sign Senior Research Scientist Anne Rønning (Independent verifier approved by EPD ) 2/7 xx

3 Product Product description: The hemicellulose from Scandinavian spruce has been Borregaards raw material since the start in Our ethanol has gained popularity during the last years through the emergence of the biofuel market and today we are delivering to both technical, pharmaceutical and fuel applications in Europe. Product specification Hydrous ethanol (95.8%) Materials* % Ethanol % Water 42 4 % *Here the product content is given on wet basis as sold to customer. However, the data and results in this EPD are given per ton dry matter (DM). LCA: Calculation rules Declared unit: The declared unit is 1000 DM of ethanol 96 %, including 1000 km of transport to customer. Transportation to customer (A4) has been corrected to account for the burden of transporting water. Technical data: Dry matter (DM) content: 96% Market: Europe Reference service life: Not relevant System boundary: The system boundaries include extraction, transportion and processing of natural resources, manufacturing of the product and transportation of the product 1000 km by typical transportation modes. The system boundaries are described in more detail in Modahl and Soldal (2016). Figure 1: Technical flow chart illustrating life cycle stages at Borregaard included in the analysis. Data quality: Data on consumption of natural resources, energy carriers and chemicals, and production amount are specific for Borregaard. Data collected for For upstream processes, some data are specific (five raw materials/chemicals). For the remaining, generic data from Ecoinvent 3.0 or, when equal products could not be found, proxy data for similar products have been used (Weidema et al. 2013). See Chapter 2.4 in Modahl and Soldal (2016) for details. Cut-off criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy are included. See Chapter in Modahl and Soldal (2016) for details. 3/7 xx

4 Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of ISO Allocation has as far as possible, been avoided by modelling the processes at Borregaard on a detailed level. When allocation has been necessary, allocation based on mass (DM) has been used. In processes with hot water as an outflow and where the hot water is exploited in other processes, the energy content has been calculated into mass through use of the heat value for biological dry matter. See Chapter 2.5 in Modahl and Soldal (2016) for details. Deviations from PCR: We have not used the additional models EUTREND (for EP) and LOTUS-EUROS (for POCP). This EPD deviates from the PCR regarding inclusion of energy used in office space. All energy consumption has been reported collected, and the energy used in office spaces are assumed to be negligible compared to the energy used in production processes. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD. In line with the PCR, 1000 km of transport to customer is included. The distribution among the transportion types are reported by Borregaard, and is average for the product. Transport from production place to assembly/user (A4) Type Type of vehicle Distance km Value Capacity utilisation (incl. return) % Fuel/Energy consumption (l/t) Truck Lorry metric ton, 0.03 l/tkm * 50 1,55 EURO4 Railway Freight train 1.9E-3 l/tkm 1,62 * kwh/tk4,00 Boat * Transoseanic ship E-3 l/tkm 0,25 * For the transport processes, average data from Ecoinvent is used, and average capasity load is included in the process. LCA: Results The life cycle stages A1-A3 are the most influential. Within these stages, production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals are most important. Next, combustion of oil at the plant is important. The exception is for eutrophication, where other processes are important due to emissions of COD. Further description of the results can be found in Modahl and Soldal (2016). System boundaries (=included, =module not declared, MNR=module not relevant) Product stage Assembly stage Use stage End of life stage Beyond the system boundaries Raw materials Transport Manufacturing Transport Assembly Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment Operational energy use Operational water use De-construction demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal Reuse-Recovery-Recyclingpotential A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D 4/7 xx

5 Environmental impact Parameter GWP ODP POCP AP EP ADPM ADPE Unit CO 2 -eqv CFC11-eqv C 2 H 4 -eqv SO 2 -eqv PO 3-4 -eqv Sb-eqv A1-A3 2,34E+02 1,36E-05 1,37E-01 3,42E+00 1,58E+00 2,40E-05 2,08E+03 A4 3,36E+01 3,31E-06 6,65E-03 2,01E-01 8,28E-02 4,52E-07 4,31E+02 A1-A4 2,68E+02 1,69E-05 1,44E-01 3,63E+00 1,66E+00 2,45E-05 2,52E+03 GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources Emissions Emissions to air Emissions to water Resource use Emissions/FU Unit A1-A3 A4 A1-A4 CO 2 (fossil) 2,23E+02 3,22E+01 2,55E+02 SO 2 2,51E+00 8,87E-02 2,60E+00 CH 4 g 3,12E+02 3,89E+01 3,51E+02 NOx 7,00E+02 1,88E+02 8,88E+02 CO g 1,59E+02 4,93E+01 2,08E+02 NMVOC 9,02E+01 1,78E+01 1,08E+02 N total g 2,27E+02 2,27E+02 P total g 3,42E+01 3,42E+01 COD 5,46E+01 6,19E-02 5,47E+01 BOD 7,90E+00 6,11E-02 7,96E+00 Parameter Unit A1-A3 A4 A1-A4 RPEE 1,80E+03 2,42E+01 1,82E+03 RPEM 1,32E+04 3,30E+00 1,32E+04 TPE 1,50E+04 2,74E+01 1,50E+04 NRPE 2,29E+03 5,80E+02 2,87E+03 NRPM TRPE 2,29E+03 5,80E+02 2,87E+03 SM RSF NRSF 8,75E+02 8,75E+02 GW 8,52E-02 2,76E-02 1,13E-01 SW 1,07E-03 2,35E-04 1,30E-03 RW 3,09E-01 1,21E-01 4,30E-01 OW* 4,01E+01 3,40E-02 4,01E+01 W 4,05E+01 1,83E-01 4,06E+01 * >99% of A1-A3 for "other water" is direct water use by core process. RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; TPE Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; GW Use of ground water; SW Use of surface water; RW Use of river water; OW Use of other water; W Net use of fresh water End of life - Waste Parameter Unit A1-A3 A4 A1-A4 HW 2,23E-01 4,39E-04 2,23E-01 NHW 8,50E+00 3,66E+00 1,22E+01 RW* INA INA INA *Radioactive waste disposed is assessed in volume, not in weight. The amount is given in the LCA-report (Modahl and Soldal, 2016). HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed 5/7 xx

6 End of life - Output flow Parameter CR MR MER EEE ETE Unit A1-A3 1,38E-01 9,84E-01 A4 A1-A4 1,38E-01 9,84E-01 CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported thermal energy Reading example: 9,0 E-03 = 9,0*10-3 = 0,009 Additional environmental information Borregaard uses spruce harvested in (approx. 85%) or Sweden (approx. 15%). All timber purchased is harvested according to the country of origin regulations of harvest, forest management and biological diversity. All timber harvested in is certified according to the PEFC standard. Additional Norwegian requirements Greenhous gas emission from the use of electricity in the manufacturing phase The following data is used for national production mix from import, low voltage (production of transmission lines, in addition to direct emissions and losses in grid) of applied electricity for the manufacturing prosess (A3): Electricity, low voltage {NO} market for Alloc Rec, U (Weidema et al. 2013). Data source Amount Unit Econinvent v3 (june 2014) 25,3 g CO 2 -eqv/kwh Dangerous substances The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list (The European parliament 2006, European Chemicals Agency, 2015) or the Norwegian priority list (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). The product contains substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list that are less than 0,1 % The product contain dangerous substances, more then 0,1% by weight, given by the REACH Candidate List or the Norwegian Priority list, see table. The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list. The product is classified as hazardous waste (Avfallsforskiften, Annex III), see table. Name CAS no. Amount Indoor environment No tests have been carried out on the product concerning indoor climate. Carbon footprint Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product. 6/7 xx

7 Bibliography Environdec 2016 Product Category Rules for preparing an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for CPC Division 341 BASIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS. Version 2.0. Dated: European Chemicals Agency 2015 Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation. Last updated: 15/06/ ISO 14025: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures ISO 14044: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines Modahl, Ingunn & Soldal, Ellen 2016 The 2015 LCA of cellulose, ethanol, lignin and vanillin from Borregaard, Sarpsborg. OR Fredrikstad, Ostfold Research. Norwegian Environment Agency 2015 List of Priority Substances. Published The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 2006 Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (Text with EEA relevance) Weidema, B., Bauer, C., Hischier, R., Mutel, C., Nemecek, T., Reinhard, J., Vadenbo, C.O The Ecoinvent database: Overview and methodology, Data quality guideline for the Ecoinvent database version 3. Company logo Company logo Program operator 7KH 1RUZHJLDQ (3' )RQGDWLRQ 3RVW %R[ 0DMRUVWHQ 2VOR 1RUZD\ Publisher The Norwegian EPD Foundation Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo Owner of the declaration Hjalmar Wessels vei 10, 1701 Sarpsborg Author of the Life Cycle Assessment Østfoldforskning AS Stadion 4, 1671 Kråkerøy SRVW#HSG QRUJH QR ZZZ HSG QRUJH QR post@epd-norge.no Fax borregaard@borregaard.com Fax post@ostfoldforskning.no 7/7 xx