Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG

Transcription

1 Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG

2 Outline Current Part L Requirements Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and NZEB Dwellings Buildings other than Dwellings Next Steps

3 Part L Dwellings Current Requirements 60% reduction in Energy use and Carbon Dioxide emissions requirements on 2005 requirements Advanced Fabric Performance Advanced Services Efficiency Mandatory Renewables

4 Achieving compliance with Part L Dwellings Overall Energy and Carbon Compliance Sect. 1.1 calculation in DEAP by achieving MPEPC (0.4) and MPCPC(.46) (equivalent to 60% Reduction on 2005) + Minimum Threshold Level Compliance TGD L Sections: 1.2 Renewable Energy 10kWh/m2 1.3 Building Fabric U-Values (Backstops) Thermal Bridging ACDs Air Tightness 7m 3 /hr/m 2 1.4Building Services Boiler Efficiency 90% Space Heating Controls (zoning and time control) Insulation Mechanical Ventilation System Efficiency 1.5 Construction Quality and Commissioning 1.6 User Information = Compliance with Part L Dwellings

5 TGD L Appendix E - 126m2 3 Bed Semidetached House Walls U =0.13W/m2K e.g. 150mm cavity wall with 100mm cavity insulation of thermal conductivity W/mK and 50mm insulated board of conductivity W/mK. Roof U = 0.11 W/m2K e.g. 360 mm insulation of conductivity 0.04 W/m K, between and over ceiling joists. Floor Windows and glazed doors Thermal Bridging Ventilation system Air permeability Primary heating fuel (space and water) Boiler U = 0.14 W/m2K e.g. Slab-on-ground floor with 120 mm insulation of conductivity 0.023W/mK Double glazed, low E (En = 0.05, soft coat) 20mm gap, argon filled, PVC frames, U=1.3W/m 2 K 0.05x total exposed surface area (W/m 2 K) Natural ventilation with intermittent extract fans Infiltration due to structure = 0.25 ac/h Mains gas Mains gas condensing boiler, seasonal efficiency 91.3%, room-sealed, fanned flue

6 126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House contd. Renewable Energy Source Solar water heating system with flat plate collector of aperture area = 5.5 m2, n0 = 0.6, a1 = 3.0 W/m2 K, facing SE/SW at 30 degrees and unshaded, twin coil cylinder 320 litre with 100 mm Insulation. Solar Fraction 57%. Remainder of demand met by space heating boiler, separate time control for space and water heating, cylinder temperature controlled by thermostat.

7 Result Dwelling heated by mains gas Dwelling heated by oil Primary energy [kwh/m2/yr] CO2 emissions [kg/m2/yr] EPC CPC

8 Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP) DEAP Software compliance checking tool in accordance with Annex I of EPBD Facilitates Compliance and Self Verification Provides support verification systems eg. HARP Database, WEPS, Air Tightness testing Increases awareness and training

9 kwh/m2/yr Part L Development Dwellings BER D1/C3 BER C1 40% Improvement BER=B1 60% Improvement BER=A % Improvement BER=A2 NZEB

10 BER by Period of Construction

11 Comparison with other Countries

12 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and NZEB Member states to ensure that all new buildings are Nearly Zero Energy Buildings by 31 st Dec 2020 Member states to ensure that all new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities are `Nearly Zero Energy Buildings after 31st Dec 2018 Major Renovations to be at Cost Optimal Level in Building Codes. Recommendations on NZEB issued by Commission in July 2016 Member states should take account of the period of validity of building permits, the length of construction and completion of building works to avoid falling short of the NZEB target dates in the EPBD.

13 EPBD Definition- Nearly Zero Energy Building nearly zero-energy building means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby; RTE PV Array

14 Implementation of NZEB-Dwellings SI 4 of 2017 has amended Building Regulations to include the definition of NZEB on 17 th Jan 2017 TGD L 2011-Dwellings has been amended to include numerical indicators for NZEB Dwellings on the 22 nd Feb The numerical indicators provide MPEPC of 0.30 and MPCPC of 0.35 for dwellings completed after 31 st Dec It is planned to complete full review of Part L for NZEB Dwellings in 2018 to apply from early 2019

15 Implementation of EPBD-Buildings other than Dwellings TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings is currently under review to provide detailed NZEB guidance and include Major Renovations performance requirement: Public Consultation Start March 24th 2017 Finish Friday 26 th May Final Publication-Oct 2017 Application- planned for early 2019 NEAP to be revised in parallel NZEB Interim Specification for Public Buildings issued 23 rd Dec 2016 for buildings commencing design in early 2017 Consultation with Stakeholders: OPW,DES,HSE,SEAI, Construction Industry Council (RIAI,SCS,EI,ACEI),CIBSE, Public Sector workshop approx. 200 attendees

16 Key Components of performance requirement TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings Provides an improvement in performance in the order of 60% over 2008 TGD L Improved Fabric Specification Advanced Services and Lighting specification Renewable Energy Ratio of 20%.

17 Proposed Performance requirements for Buildings other than Dwellings Specification- Reference Building-Fabric Parameter Current reference values-tgd L 2008 Reference values-tgd L Public Consultation Total Floor Area and Building Volume Opening Areas Same as actual building Offices and Shops windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls Same as actual building Walls U=0.27 W/m 2 K U=0.18 W/m2K Roofs U=0.16 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K Floor U=0.25 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K Offices and Shops windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls Thermal bridging Add 16% to fabric heat loss Actual Length of Key Junctions x Advanced psi value Air Permeability 10m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) 5m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) Floor area <250m 2 3m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) Floor area >250m 2 Window U Value Solar energy transmittance 2.2 W/(m 2 K) W/(m 2 K) 0.40

18 Parameter Heating efficiency (heating and hot water)% Cooling Seasonal Energy Efficiency Air conditioned building Ratio (SEER) Lighting Services Current reference values- TGD L 2008 Proposed reference values-tgd L 2017/Public Sector Specification 0.73 CoP 91% Gas Boiler SEER=1.67 divide the illuminance by 100, then multiply by 3.75 W/m2 per 100 lux SEER= lm/circuit watt Occupancy Control Local Manual Switching Automated Daylight Control Local Manual Switching Automated Central Ventilation SFP 2 (W/(l/s)) 1.8 (W/(l/s)) Variable speed control of fans No Renewable Energy Ratio None 20% using photovoltaics Yes

19 TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings- Renewable Energy Ratio (RER) Renewables requirement will be included in TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings as Renewable Energy Ratio (RER)-20% The following represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies in order to satisfy Regulation L6 (b); - Where the MPEPC of 1.0 and MPCPC of 1.15 is achieved an RER of 0.20 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies Where the MPEPC of 0.9 and MPCPC of 1.04 is achieved an RER of 0.10 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies Renewable energy sources include Photovoltaics, Heat Pumps (Air source and ground source), Biomass, Solar Thermal,Primary Energy Savings from Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Renewable district heating

20 Proposed Energy and Carbon Dioxide emissions performance for NZEB Office Buildings Building type Primary energy CO2 emissions Building Energy Rating Energy Performan ce Coefficient Carbon Performan ce Coefficient Office NV 2F: LMF - Opt1 Office AC 2F: LMF - Opt1 Office NV 4F: MC - Opt1 Office AC 4F: MC - Opt1 Office NV 4F: LMF - Opt1 Office AC 4F: LMF - Opt1 kwh/yr/m² kg/yr/m² Indicat or BER EPC CPC A A A A A A

21 Costs Performance requirements are based on cost optimal reports published in accordance with EPBD: Table 5.3a of Residential and Non Residential Cost Optimal Report 1 provides Initial Investment Costs for the energy related costs for different performance levels for 5 buildings. Consultant appointed for TGD L 2017 Buildings other than Dwellings and costs will be available for Public Consultation. 1

22 TGD L-Draft Major Renovation proposal Define as more than 25% of the surface area of the building envelope undergoes renovation Provide menu of measures to bring to cost optimal when more than 25% of surface area being renovated: Upgrade inefficient heating systems Upgrade inefficient cooling systems Upgrade inefficient lighting systems

23 EU Study CT5 Report Selected Examples of NZEB New Build: - Walls 0.13 W/m 2 K - Windows 0.82W/m 2 K - Roof 0.11W/m 2 K - Renewables-Pellet boiler and 938m2 PV

24 Retrofit: -Walls 0.13 W/m 2 K -Windows 0.80W/m 2 K -Roof 0.08W/m 2 K -Renewables: Photovoltaic and geothermal heat pump

25 Efficiency House Plus with E-mobility in Berlin Project aim: Building address: This pilot building generates its own energy and makes it available to the users and the electric vehicles. Excess energy is fed back into the grid or stored in a battery. An annual positive energy balance is required for primary and final energy use. Fasanenstraße 87a, Berlin Building type: Residential Non-residential Public New Renovated Building size: Building envelope construction: Building envelope U-values: Building service systems: X Single-family house with 2 floors 203 m² useful floor area (A N, with A N =0.32*V gross ), 138 m² living area The floor, the walls and the roof are made of timber panels filled with up to 52 cm cellulose insulation. The windows have triple glazing. Thermal bridges have been minimised. Photovoltaic modules cover the roof and the façade. All house elements can be separated and moved to another location or be disposed of after the lifetime of the building. Wall 0.11 W/m²K Window 0.70 W/m²K Roof/ceiling to the attic 0.11 W/m²K Cellar ceiling/ground slab 0.11 W/m²K The house is heated by a central heating system with an air-to-water heat pump and floor heating. A balanced mechanical ventilation system with 80 % heat recovery and a building energy management system with touch pads are installed. The PV systems on the roof and facades generate electricity that is used by the building, fed into the grid or stored in a battery. The battery, with a capacity of 40 kwh, is made of 7,250 single second-hand battery cells formerly used in electric cars. X

26 Next Steps Part L/TGD L 2017-Buildings other than dwellings Public Consultation of TGD L and Regulatory Impact Assessment Start 24 th Mar Close of TGD L 2017 Public Consultation 26 th May Publication of TGD L by Q TGD L 2017 planned to apply by start of 2019 (subject to regulatory process) Part L Dwellings 2018 Public Consultation early 2018 Application early 2019 (subject to regulatory process)

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28 Shared Challenges Performance Requirements/ Design Training/ Education/ Skillls Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Execution/ Enforcement

29 Primary School SN Mhuire Moynalty

30 Training needs NZEB building design Ventilation design Renewables-Heat pumps, CHP, PV, District Heating Non Residential Lighting Optimising fabric in non residential Onsite skills Solar gains/overheating Major Renovations Regulatory tools