Dr. Roshan Raj Shrestha

Transcription

1 3rd Annual Network Meeting and International Symposium on Household Water Management, Bangkok, 30 May - 2 June 2005 Promotion of Point of Use Drinking Water Treatment in Nepal - An Experience Dr. Roshan Raj Shrestha ENVIRONMENT & PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION P.O.Box : 4102, Kathmandu Nepal. enpho@mail.com.np URL : Tel: , Fax :

2 Water Supply Coverage Trend in Nepal Percentage Time Rural Urban Total

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10 81 0'0"E 82 0'0"E 83 0'0"E 84 0'0"E 85 0'0"E 86 0'0"E 87 0'0"E Drinking Water Vulnerability to Arsenic - Terai 88 0'0"E Kanchanpur Kailali Bardiya Legend Boundary International District Banke Dang Kapilbastu Chitwan RupandehiNawalparasi 1:3,500, Km. Parsa Dhanusha Bara Rautahat Sarlahi Mahottari Siraha Saptari Sunsari Morang Jhapa Prepared by: Map Source: PDDP Data Source: NASC Environment & Public Health Organization 81 0'0"E 82 0'0"E 83 0'0"E 84 0'0"E 85 0'0"E 86 0'0"E 87 0'0"E 88 0'0"E

11 HEALTH IMPACTS High rate of infants death due to water borne diseases. Infant mortality 91/1000 live birth Out breaks of water borne epidemic is common in every year especially during summer. Every year hundreds of people died and thousands of people suffer from water borne diseases only in monsoon season. Arsenicosis patient are already observed in arsenic affected areas

12 ARSENICOSIS PATIENT

13 We need Point of Use Drinking Water Treatment Techniques

14 Knowledge on Water Treatment Practice at Household Level Cover storage vessel Keep source clean Boiling Domestic Filters Purification tablets Others

15 ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION Research, Development and Dissemination of Findings for Action

16 Point of Use Drinking Water Treatment Techniques

17 Partners MIT/Nepal Project 2000 to 2004 EAWAG/SANDEC SODIS Research & Promotion 2002 to date DWSS/UNICEF Research on SODIS & Biosand Filters (2002 & 3)

18 Piyush : Household water dis-infection infection solution

19 History of Production PIYUSH is a 0.5% calcium hypochlorite solution produced by ENPHO During there was a severe epidemic in the Terai region of the country To combat this situation, ENPHO prepared chlorine solution to distribute in the affected areas as an effect measure to disinfect drinking water ENPHO aimed to provide a specific product for household water disinfection to substitute for other forms of water disinfection like boiling, filtration, etc. Since then, PIYUSH has been in the market providing a simple method for drinking water disinfectant

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21 Application of Piyush PIYUSH is used in drinking water in the ratio of 3 drops per liter of water PIYUSHed water is shaken and allowed to stand for 30 minutes Normally, the FRC content after this reaction time is recorded to be between mg/L Intensively using in water borne outbreak area and flood disaster area One bottle costs Rs (0.25 USD) It s concentration is stable for more than 1 year

22 Concetration of Piyush retention from batch concentration (%) days

23 Piyush efficiency at different dose Water Source sample Performance of 3 Drops piyush in 1 liter water after half an hour Before Piyush After different doses of Piyush 4 drops 3 drops 2 drops 1 drop Water sample Before After different doses of Water sample Before PiyushNH3 4 drops H2S 3 After drops FRC different doses 2 FRC drops of PiyushFRC 1 drop FRC nos NH3 H2S mg/l NH3 4 drops FRC (P/A) NH3 3 drops mg/l FRC NH3 2 mg/l drops FRC NH3 mg/l 1 dropfrcmg/l H2S Source nos (ppm) NH3 H2S P/A (ppm) NH3 (ppm) FRC (ppm) NH3 (ppm) FRC (ppm) NH3 (ppm) FRC (ppm) NH3 (ppm) FRC H2S P/A Tap Source water nos 5 (ppm) P P/A (ppm) 0 (ppm) 1 (ppm) 0 (ppm) (ppm) 0 (ppm) (ppm) 0 (ppm) P/AA Tap Well water # P < A Well Stone water spout # P < A Stone Well Water spout# P < < < <0.2 A Well FRC Water = Free # Residual 2 Chlorine P <0.2 1 < < <0.2 A FRC = Free Residual Chlorine H2S (P/A) Tap water P A Well water #1 5 1 P <0.2 0 A Stone spout P A Well Water # P <0.2 A FRC = Free Residual Chlorine

24 Piyush Sale (2000 to 2004) Bottles Year

25 Introduced Duplicate Piyush

26 Threats or Opportunities Introduction of WATER GUARD by PSI ENPHO provided all information to PSI PSI invites ENPHO for quality control of their product PSI is willing to support ENPHO to develop PIYUSH marketing strategy???????

27 SODIS

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30 Enjoy SODIS Water

31 Experimental Sites Parsa (160m) Chitwan (200m) Lumbini (200m) Pokhara (800m) Kathmandu (1500m) Ghandruk (2000m) Jomsom (2700m) Ghorepani (2900m) Muktinath (3700m)

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33 Reduction of Faecal Colifroms after SODIS Faecal Coliform CFU/100 ml After SODIS Faecal Coliform CFU/100 ml Before SODIS

34 Relationship of Solar Intensity and Reduction of Faecal Colifroms Faecal Coliforms CFU/100 ml After SODIS Solar Intensity W/m 2

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36 Community trainings

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38 Reduction of Diarrhoeal Case After SODIS Intervention SN Organizat ion Total HHs No. of children under 5 yrs suffering from diarrhoea Before After SODIS SODIS Reducti on in num ber of case s (%) Aver ag e (%) 1 Lumanti Nawa 3 Ecca 4 Indreni

39 Simple Kits for Measurement Bacterial Contamination presence/absence test kit

40 Cost Comparison of 3 Options Types of Options Boiling Piyush Expenses in Rs./family/year Rs (kerosene) or 1 kg of wood/liter water Rs SODIS Rs.. 0 (almost)

41 Challanges Intellectuals (Medical doctors) are still not aware or not convinced Zero Cost Technology Bottle Supply Schemes Release of Plasticizers DEHA (di(2-ethylhexyl) ethylhexyl)- adipate) and DEHA (di(2-ethylhexyl) ethylhexyl)-pthalate) from PET bottles Government has still not prioritized

42 WATSAN Resource Center Network NEWAH DWSS IDS RWSSFDB FSC NRCS Water Aid, Nepal SODIS PROMOTION STRATEGY ENPHO SODIS Reference Center Donor agencies/ingo WHO Unicef Water Aid World Vision SPW HELVETAS UDLE/GTZ Government agencies NGOs Lumanti WEPCO UEMS NGO-Forum for Urban Water & Sanitation Media Kantipur television Metro FM Saagarmatha radio DWSS KMC Department of Health CBOs Jana Kalyan Sangh Sagarmatha Environmental Development Center

43 Kanchan Filter for Arsenic, Iron and Bacterial Removal

44 Award in Development Market Place Funding Source: Won a US$115,000 award from the World Bank Development Marketplace Global Competition 2003 Project Duration: February 2004 to November 2004 Project Partners: MIT, ENPHO, RWSSSP

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46 Promotion Strategy of Filter Established KAF refrence center Established of Local Entrepreneurs Orientation at grassroot level Conduct scientific and social studies Information Dissemination at national & international level

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48 New Promotion Strategy Main Donor (World Bank) Supply (Entrepreneurs) Advisors (MIT, CAWST, etc) Coordinator (ENPHO) Local Partner (NRCS) Users Committee Villagers Water Supply Implementer & Donors Financing (Micro-financers) Seed Fund (INGO, NGO)

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50 Value Based Water Education in School

51 Acknowlegements SODIS Project : Martin Wegeline and Mathias Saladin EAWAG/SANDEC, Switzerland. Nepal Water Project : Susan Murcott and Tommy Ngai,, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.