APPLICATIONS FOR SENSOR NETWORKS IN COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS

Transcription

1 APPLICATIONS FOR SENSOR NETWORKS IN COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS R. Chen, T. Little et al. MITSG Sea Grant College Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts NOAA Grant No. NA10OAR Project No R/RT-2/RC-117 Presented at Oceans Signal Climate Change - A Stakeholder Science Forum, MIT Sea Grant College Program, May 29, 2013.

2 Consortium for Ocean Sensing In the Nearshore Environment (COSINE) Robert F. Chen Tom Little, Ferdi Hellweger, Francesco Peri, Bernie Gardner, Mingshun Jiang, Robert Stevenson, John Duff, Duc Tran, Jun Suzuki, Robert Morris, Daniela Rus, Ben Wetherill, Yuting Zhang UMassBoston, BU, Northeastern, MIT Environmental, Earth & Ocean Science, Computer Science, Biology, Engineering

3 Focus on Societal Applications Coastal Erosion Thompson Island Bacterial Water Quality Charles River Wollaston Beach First Flush Loading Neponset Watershed Boston Harbor

4 Coastal Erosion via wireless video Partner with Tom Little (BU) Yuting Zhang (PhD EE) camera expertise combined with mounting Consulted with Peter Rosen (NEU), Duncan Fitzgerad (BU), Allan Gontz (UMB) Camera on Thompson Island bluff Technical Battery, Telemetry High tide only Science Rock fall Frost heaving (freeze thaw cycling) Little caused by waves only big storms at high tide Not ferry boat wakes

5 Map of Network N Bluff Cam A To UMass 990 m Base antenna Nano antenna Pico antenna Salt Pond Camera Cam B PS2 Meters

6 Map of Network Nano and PS2 at Base Station 2.5km PS2 at UMass UMass networked computers 990m Pico and Nano at Bluff Pico at Bluffcam 50m

7 Impact of Storms (Sandy) Oct 27, 2012 Pre-Sandy Oct 30, 2012 Post-Sandy

8 Christmas Storm Dec 24, 2012 Pre Christmas Storm Dec 27, 2012 Post Christmas Storm

9 Singular Events Nov 1, 2012 Post-debris fall

10 Tidal Effects March 7, 2013 Extreme Tide March 10, 2013 Post Extreme Tide

11 Tidal Effects Dec 11, 2012 Low Tide Dec 27, 2012 High Tide

12 Effects of Frost Jan 28, 2013 Feb 24, 2013

13 Video Beach Cam Big Waves yer_embedded Bluff Cam No Storm Bluff Cam Rock Fall v=cjzucnkyk30 Bluff Cam Frost Heave ayer_embedded

14 Lessons Learned (Video) Power Management Timing, cameras on minimal 4 5 hours Arduino chip integration Tidal data Voltage regulator Telemetry, Installation 4 hops, wired, wireless Next steps Market for networks Multiple applications for video, photos Inexpensive ($500 per node/hop)

15 Thompson Island Arthur Pearson, Director & CEO, Outward Bound Strategic Plan Boston Harbor Island NP Stone Soup network Bluff camera Weather Station (Weather Underground) Wildlife acoustics Bird Camera Buoys (Boston Harbor) Tidal gauge (coming soon) CTD in salt pond (coming soon) Picarro CO2 sensor (coming soon) Educational outreach

16 Bacterial Water Quality Partner with Ferdi Hellweger (NEU), Julie Wood (Charles River WA), DCR, EPA CRWA Daily Model Predictions: Air Temperature, Wind Speed & Rainfall (BOS), USGS Discharge 92% (106/114) accurate flag color in of 8 errors were due to timing CRWA/COSINE Automated Model Predictions: Hourly Automatic Local Water T, Rainfall & Wind Speed, USGS Discharge

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18 Community Boating

19 Automated Reporting

20 USGS CESN Model Data WWW Public Notice Daily updates: USGS Flow Gauge (Waltham, MA) CESN Sensor Station (Boston, MA) E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - North Beacon /3/2012 8/18/2012 9/2/2012 9/17/ /2/ /17/2012 Samples Model Boating Limit Concentration (cfu/100ml) Hourly updates: Note the lag correction E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - North Beacon /3/2012 8/18/2012 9/2/2012 9/17/ /2/ /17/2012 Samples Model Boating Limit Concentration (cfu/100ml) Analysis still needs to be extended through October

21 Goal: A Swimmable Charles River

22 Lessons Learned (Bacteria) Improved temporal coverage Improved timing more up to date (2hrs) Telemetry + $5000 per station

23 Wollaston Beach Buoy DCR permission City of Quincy Turbidity? Salinity

24 First Flush Potentially large chemical fluxes at beginning of rain event Important variability is often missed by typical sampling protocols Sources, rainfall histories, land use, and soil types all vary placeto place and time totime april 2008/pollutants run off.aspx

25 Rainfall Simulator Parking Lot CDOM Concentration with Time y = 20.61ln(x) R² = :00 07:12 14:24 21:36 28:48 36:00 43:12 50:24 57:36 Time from Start Forest CDOM Concentration with Time Time from Start y = x R² = CDOM concentration (QSU) CDOM concentration (QSU)

26 Neponset River Watershed Southwest of Boston, Massachusetts USA 2 nd largest river entering Boston Harbor 300 square kilometers, 14 cities and towns, population of about 330,000

27 Industrial site Forested site

28 Forested site 4 March June Oct Nov. 2012

29 Industrial site 6 March July Oct. 2012

30 Teledyne ISCO 6712 Autosampler Programmable Up to 24 samples Can be remotely triggered Sub hourly Sampling

31 Water temperature Conductivity Dissolved oxygen ph (Forest only) SeaPoint/Turner Fluorometers Onset HOBO data logger Every 1 2 minutes CDOM fluorescence YSI probe Deployed 4 March 5 April, 7 May 16 November 2012 Every 2 5 minutes Sensors

32 Sensors deployed Discrete samples collected Precipitation data from Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory (bluehill.org)

33 1. Industrial site is more flashy than forested site

34 2. Sensor oversamples evolution of first flush

35 Boston Harbor Sensor Network

36 Salinity along Neponset River Estuary (ebb tide) Prediction of First Flush of Contaminants

37 Lessons Learned (First Flush) Automated is better High resolution captures variability Rain events are complex Land use Soil type Rainfall history Rainfall evolution/duration Season Rapid transit through watershed, estuary, and harbor

38 COSINE Outcomes Partnerships University, Government, NGO, and Industry Capacity Sensor integration and network installation Temporal coverage Episodic events Applied science and engineering Societal needs Cyberinfrastructure Use cloud Still need social networks

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40 Sandy Increased river flow Only 1 2 day immediate affect

41 Expressway cleaned CDOM 9/27 1/8 CDOM Rain Tide Flow Salinity Windspeed Air Temp Water Temp

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43 B A D USGS Gage C A B C D CESN weather station Combined Sewer Overflows N. Beacon St. Bridge Larz Anderson Bridge BU Bridge Longfellow Bridge Boston Harbor

44 CESN vs. Logan (3 miles distant) 0 8/3/2012 8/18/2012 9/2/2012 9/17/ /2/ /17/ New Station - Rain Logan Airport - Rain New Station - Wind Logan Airport - Wind Rainfall (in) Windspeed (mph) Rain: 15% more than 0.2in diff. Wind: 28% more than 5mph diff.

45 E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - North Beacon 8/3/12 8/18/12 9/2/12 9/17/12 10/2/12 10/17/12 E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - Larz Anderson 8/3/12 8/18/12 9/2/12 9/17/12 10/2/12 10/17/12 E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - Boston University 8/3/12 8/18/12 9/2/12 9/17/12 10/2/12 10/17/12 E. Coli concentrations (Model vs. Actual) - Longfellow 8/3/12 8/18/12 9/2/12 9/17/12 10/2/12 10/17/12 Samples Model Boating Limit Samples Model (water) Boating Limit Model (air) Samples Model Boating Limit Samples Model (water) Boating Limit Model (air) Concentration (cfu/100ml) Concentration (cfu/100ml) Concentration (cfu/100ml) Concentration (cfu/100ml)

46 USGS CESN Model Data USGS Flow Gauge (Waltham, MA) CESN Sensor Station (Boston, MA) Public Notice WWW