Lessons from the TOPPS project. Train Operators to Prevent Point Sources

Transcription

1 Losses of PPP to water from point sources can be avoided Lessons from the TOPPS project. Manfred Roettele TOPPS Project Manager 4th March 2010 Train Operators to Prevent Point Sources 1

2 Content of the presentation 1.TOPPS PROJECT Context Objectives Tasks Participants 2. Point source significance and perceptions Point source significance Perception of point sources 3. KEY RISK AREAS (BMPS) Cleaning inside / outside Remnant management 4. LESSONS learned 5. How TOPPS can support you 2

3 Main entry routes of Plant Protection Products (PPP) into surface water are : point and diffuse sources Point sources Run-off Drift Drainage 3

4 TOPPS PROJECT Funded by EU- LIFE and ECPA Objectives: Common BMPs (stewardship+risk mitigation) 4 Training / Demonstration materials Dissemination of BMPs Proposal for a sustainable strategy to avoid point sources www. TOPPS-life.org TOPPS fits with the EU legislative framework Water Framework Directive Thematic Strategy on sustainable use of pesticides Machinery Directive

5 TOPPS PROJECT 15 EU countries / 18 cooperators FI SE Partners Belgium POVLT, Pcfruit Poland ISK, IMUZ UK DE NL FR BE DK TOPPS IT FR ES PT PL H CZ SK Denmark DAAS Germany LWK-NRW France Arvalis, Cemagref UK Harper Adams Univ Col. Spain Univ Catalunia CEIB Italy Univ Turin DEIAFA 9 Subcontractors NL (WUR, Cooperation with LTO) PT, CZ, SK, HU, SE, FI, 5

6 SIGNIFICANCE OF POINT SOURCES Stakeholder awareness survey ( 10 countries) Perceived Point Source significance? Stakeholder survey 10 countries (n = 600) Point sources are perceived the major contamination source 74% in Nordic region see point source the most important entry route of PPP into water Answers in both suggest that there is no clear opinion on the main entry route But > 80% consider point sources the entry route which can be easiest avoided

7 Critical work processes to avoid point sources Perceived point sources risk by working processes Stakeholders survey n=600 Farmers surveys(6 catchments/countries n=843) Cleaning 3,0 Filling 2,9 Remnant management 3,1 Storage 2,3 Transport 2,0... about 20 to 50 % of the operators differenciate the risks by work process need for information and advice 7 Scale: 5=high risk...1 = low risk

8 POINT SOURCES were not sufficiently in the focus Method of point sources measurement - Univ Giessen) Few studies distinguish between point and diffuse sources (D, B, UK) Catchment area Village with farms 8 Sewage plant Measurement 2 Measurement 1 Diffuse source Point source Presented by Prof. Frede Univ.Giessen at TOPPS Forum Germany Oct 2006 (changed)

9 SIGNIFICANCE OF POINT SOURCES Point sources are the main route of suface water contamination 5 Catchment areas in Hessen/Germany from diffuse sources from Point sources area 1900 km² 25km² 20km² 7 km² 50 km² POINT SOURCES CONTRIBUTE > 50 % 9 Presented by Prof. Frede Univ. Giessen at TOPPS Forum Germany Oct 2006 (changed)

10 SIGNIFICANCE OF POINT SOURCES Reduced PPP in surface water after intensive training and transfer of sprayer cleaning to the field.- Study: Univ. Giessen Hessen /Germany Rel. reduction of PPP pollution in 5 catchments sewage plants Wölfersheim (Wetterau) 4 Ortschaften/Kläranlagen in Hessen A B C D -82% -70% -61% -69% -80% The cleaning process of the sprayer transfered to the field is able to reduce the point source pollution by about 70% Presented by Prof. Frede Univ. Giessen at TOPPS Forum Germany Oct 2006 (changed)

11 Cleaning - Standards EN-standard residual volumes Current standards for Fieldsprayers Total residual volume in l (EN ) Tank Boom Tank volume 0, 5 % length m 2l / m Total litres Current standards for Orchard/Vine sprayers Total residual volume in l (EN ) Tank volume % Total litres 400 4% % % 30 Standards serve as an guideline for application techniques requirements If the cleaning is not done properly some of these residual volumes may end up in the water Arable Farmers clean their sprayers 7 to 10 times / season* *TOPPS farmer surveys

12 Actual volume of total residual according to test reports (L) Cleaning Technical improvements Best sprayers have 50 % less residual volume Actual volume of total residual of 163 sprayers according to test reports compared with the maximum volume of residual stated by the European Standard EN (for 25 tree crop sprayers the total dilutable volume was used due to missing data) Variation 21 m boom sprayer 22,8 l vs 54,8 l Maximum volume of total residual according to EN (L) tree crop sprayers field crop sprayers EN All sprayers reached the standard but Technical solutions available are already much better than the standard How can technical innovations for the environment be realized in a competitive environment, if the benefits are not directly linked to the bottom line (incentives, certification, regulation???

13 Cleaning Technical improvements Rinse water tank needed to clean sprayer properly in field Pilot area surveys % sprayers equipped *DK 2/3 part time farmers ** IT vine/orchard sprayers most sprayers are equipped with rinse tanks (fieldsprayers) Orchard sprayers? we have seen in the audits that the capacity of the rinse water tanks are not always sufficient to reach a 1% dilution of residual volumes Average age of field sprayers 7,4 to 12,7 years 13

14 Key risk area cleaning inside Undiluted! Big risk if done on hard surface on farm!!!!!

15 Sprayer cleaning close to surface water 15

16 Cleaning - Perceptions Perception of operators on spray volumes remaining in the sprayer after application (DE,FR,BE mixed farms, field sprayers; IT vine/orchard farms, vine sprayers TOPPS farmer survey 2007) Pilot area Remaining volumes by category in liters in % of respondents >25 l l Average n Farm size ha 10 l < 10 l 0 no resp. liters median DE FR BE IT Perception of remaining spray volumes not well developed Challenge for Advice and Manufacturer information High residual volume mean risk for water pollution but also a loss of spray liquid (potential efficacy). 16

17 Cleaning Practice (triple rinse) Diluted spray solution needs to be sprayed out after each rinsing step Example of rinsing procedures in practise (farmer survey*) Triple rinsing method Triple rinsing procedure if not automized is not really convenient After each rinsing step the operator needs to step down from the tractor After each rinsing the step the operator needs to spray out the diluted spray liquid. 17 * Farmer survey pilot area FR

18 Cleaning altenative Procedure Continuous rinsing offers more convenience, faster, less water TOPPS explored continuous rinsing (TOPPS-clean alternativ method)...needs additional pump, but more convenient, faster, less water Cost to upgrade sprayers 600 to Continuous rinsing compared to triple rinsing procedure under practical conditions (Fieldsprayer: 12 m boom, Airmix 03 nozzles (output 20 l/min), spray pressure 1,5 bar. Dilution % was measured photometric by using fluorescent tracer * Amount of water Time needed Dilution rate achieved Triple rinsing 3 x 30 (90 l) 30 minutes 0,2 % Continuous rinsing 40 l 4 minutes 0,3 % *H. Kramer, LWK-NRW 2009

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20 Outside cleaning is a challenge especially for air assisted sprayers Research in BE and IT show significance of outside cleaning of orchard sprayers At application of 25 kg ai / year about 82,5 to 207 g ai / ha deposits were measured on the sprayer (Assumption: 20 ha means about 1650 bis 4140 gai Debear 2006) Recommendation: Outside cleaning in the field, while deposits are still wet 20

21 What to do with the PPP contaminated liquid which still remains in the sprayer (Remnant management) EU context Country FRA DK BE*, UK, FR, SE DK, DE* NL? Officially recommended procedure If residual volume is diluted to 1%, residual volume can remain in the field (only very little will return to farm) If residual volume is diluted to 2% residual volume can remain in the field Biobed, Biofilter (Bioremediation) approved methods (*Wallonia) Collection in Slurry and spreading with slurry in field (*NRW) Operators left alone in many countries with remnants management 21

22 Key risk area Remnant Management In most countries no clear recommendations No clear recommendation Advisers do not talk about the problems Operator unsecurity...get them out of rain 22

23 Lessons learned from TOPPS 1. Mitigation of PPP water contamination is a multistakeholder task Farmer / Operator Water providers Legislation Improved Equipment Regulations consistent Politics PPP Best Management Practice Advice comprehensive Improved Infrastructure Standards enforced Society (regional, national, EU Research practical Monitoring / Inspection Public opinion Media Support

24 Lessons learned from TOPPS 2. Best Management Practices need to be defined in a consistent way what to do and how to do things (practical) defined along the work processes (complete) European core, local adaption (credible) Improved Equipment Correct Behaviour Improved Infrastructure Transport Storage Before spraying During spraying After spraying Remnant management

25 Lessons learned from TOPPS 3. Efficient knowledge transfer of BMPs to advisers Offer advisers training Develop business model for environmental advice Realize potential of available adviser capacity in area Measure efficiency and quality of advice

26 Lessons learned from TOPPS 4. Efficient implementation of BMPs Offer farmers / operators training (modules?) Target advice given specific to an area Document content of advice given Set and communicate measurable targets for a catchment area Define and communicate monitoring process Make BMPs easy accessible 26

27 Lessons learned from TOPPS 5. Realize technical improvements in equipment and infrastructure Develop systems / tools which allow equipment manfacturers to compete with environmentally optimized sprayers 27

28 Help TOPPS offers Reference for advice Common Best Management Practises Reference for advisers and authorities in 12 local languages Polish Czech Hungarian Slovak German French Danish Italian Spanish Portugiese English Dutch Booklets on BMPs Southern Countries and East countries CONSISTENT MESSAGE 28

29 TOPPS offers help for knowlege transfer Training Materials for Advisors/Farmers Trainer handbook (pp 79) Delegate Handbook (pp20) Powerpoint presentations in 15 languages Demonstation ideas brochure Cleaning broschure Bioremediation brochure Picture Gallery for advisors Training video orchard sprayers Training video fieldsprayers ALL MATERIALS FOR DOWNLOAD WWW:TOPPS-life.org 29

30 IMPLEMENTATION REMAINS THE CHALLENGE! Thanks for your attention Acknowledgement for support to Life, ECPA, the TOPPS partners and many supportive stakeholders Right focus, strategy and support will help to develop a consistent approach to protect water 30 STAY ON TOPPS