APMP TC Initiative Project - Research on the Calibration of 3D Pitot Tubes and Flow Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Transcription

1 APMP TC Initiative Project - Research on the Calibration of 3D Pitot Tubes and Flow Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Speaker: Chun-Min Su Participants: CMS: Hsin-Hung Lee, Chun-Min Su NMI: Liang Zhang, Chi Wang KRISS: Woong Kang, Yong-Moon Choi NIST: Iosif I. Shinder September 2014

2 Contents Introduction Objective and collaboration Activities between project members Current progress Future work and planning

3 Introduction Where on earth are you most likely to die early from air pollution? Stationary Source Emissions in air quality terminology is any fixed emitter of air pollutants, such as fossil fuel burning power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants and other heavy industrial sources

4 Objective and Collaboration

5 Pitot tube characterization (CMS, NIM, KRISS, NIST) L-type, S-type, Prism-type, Omni, Cobra CFD, Smoke visualization Calibration of 3D Pitot Tubes and Flow Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standard traceability (CMS) Differential pressure Calibration method and facility (CMS, KRISS, NIST) Nulling & Non-nulling method Traversing stage design Uncertainty evaluation (KRISS) Stack flow

6 Activities between Project Members Guest research at NIST (Dr. Hsin-Hung Lee, CMS) November 2012 to June 2013 Guest research at NIST (Dr. Liang Zhang, NIM) June 2013 to June 2014 Guest research at NIST (Dr. Woong Kang, KRISS) March to September 2014 Project and progress discussion at NIST (Hsin-Hung Lee, Liang Zhang, Woong Kang, Iosif I. Shinder) April 8 th to 12 th, 2014

7 Current progress (1) - Omni-type probe and pressure scanner C P_Pitc h = (P 3 P 2 )/(P 1 P) (1) C P_Yaw = (P 5 P 4 )/(P 1 P) (2) Cp Total = (P 1 P Total )/(P 1 P) (3) Cp Static = (P P Static )/(P 1 P) (4) P = P 2 + P 3 + P 4 + P 5 4 (6) Omni type of 3D pitot tube Pressure scanner

8 Current progress (1) - Pressure calibration USB HUB MOXA 10 kpa 600 Pa 查核件標準件被校件查核件標準件被校件 Range of differential pressure / Extended uncertainty (0 to 600) Pa / U = 2.5 Pa Piston-type Pressure Generator (CMS) 活塞壓力產生器 10 kpa 差壓 600 Pa 差壓

9 Current progress (1) - Calibration of pitot tube and traversing stage design

10 Pitch angle vs. Total pressure coefficient Current progress (1) - Comparison of nulling and non-nulling calibration Step 1: Align the probe so that the center hole is pointing towards a reference position. Step 3 Step 2: Rotate probe until P2=P3. This is the Yaw angle. Step 3: Calculate Pitch Angle Pressure Coefficient [(P4-P5)/(P1-P23)]. Pitch angle vs. Pitch angle pressure coefficient Step 4 Step 4: Determine Pitch Angle. Step 5: Determine Velocity Pressure Coefficient [(Pt-Ps)/(P1-P23)]. Step 6: Calculate Velocity pressure (Pt-Ps). Step 7: Determine Total Pressure Coefficient [(P1-Pt)/(Pt-Ps)]. Step 8: Calculate (P1-Pt) and obtain Pt. Step 5 Step 4 Pitch angle vs. Velocity pressure coefficient Step 7 Step 4

11 Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) 8 Training (Circles) and Checking (Asterisks) Errors 6 RMSE Pitch Yaw CpA CpB CpB CpA CpB Yaw CpB Pitch CpB Pitch Yaw CpB Pitch CpA ANFIS sequence forward search CpA CpB Pitch Yaw

12 Meshing Current progress (2) - Meshing of pitot tube CFD simulation Pitot tube simulation data is very sensitive to the boundary layer mesh Ansys Meshing patch confine method is not consistent Tetrahedral mesh fit experimental data better than Hexahedral mesh Finally the mesh was generated by the Octree method inside Ansys Meshing(mesh independent and select ICEM File Output)

13 Current progress (2) - Turbulence model of pitot tube CFD simulation Turbulent Models k-e relizable, ke RNG, ke standard (different wall treatment) K-w K-w SST RSM Linear Pressure Strain, RSM Quadratic Pressure Strain, RSM Stress Omega Transition SST Transition SST and K-w SST give the best result compare to the experimental data, same calibration factor, Transition SST give more detailed flow filed

14 Current progress (2) - Structure analysis of pitot tube by CFD simulation Effects of drawing the total pressure hole and static pressure hole It is very important to draw the total hole When the wind angle is zero, draw the static hole has no effect

15 Pitot tube mouth shape is important for calibration factor at higher wind speed It is better to get the exact mouth shape

16 Current progress (2) - Boundary conditions of pitot tube CFD simulation Boundary condition test of wind Stationary wall Moving wall No viscous wall Pressure far field After correction all give the same calibration factor Standard flowrate measured

17 Current progress (2) - Boundary layer of pitot tube CFD simulation For the boundary layer of pitot tube, Y+ should be around 1

18 Prism-shaped DAT type 3D Probe according to US EPA Method 2F Diameter = 1/4, length = 20, 5 holes for comparison with other types of 3D Pitot tubes Conduct calibration at NIST wind tunnel(august) and CMS wind tunnel(november) Investigate characteristics of yaw and pitch angle effects at KRISS wind tunnel Uncertainty analysis of calibration process and coefficients P5(Pitch angle) Y P4 Current progress (3) - 3-Dimensional probe for measuring stack gas velocity Z Flow Yaw Pitch X P1(Total Pressure) P3 P2 (Yaw angle) NIST Wind Tunnel - Test section : 1.5m 1.2m up to 75 m/s CMS Wind tunnel - Open type test section up to 25 m/s KRISS Wind tunnel -Test section : 0.9m 0.9m up to 15 m/s

19 Current progress (3) - Calibration of Prism-Shaped DAT Probe at NIST Calibration procedure and ranges Nulling calibration procedure according to US EPA method 2F Pitch angle : -45 to 45 with interval 2.5 (Uncertainty 0.5 ) Yaw angle : nulling method (-4 to 4 ) Velocity : 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 m/s (Re d = 2,100 to 12,600) Yaw angle Pitch angle Traverse resolution = 0.1

20 Experimental Set-up Calibrated NIST s L-type Pitot tube as Reference velocity Simultaneous measurements in the uniform velocity profile area Test Section 1.5 m 1.2 m Prism-shaped 3D Probe Temperature Sensor Humidity sensor Reference Pitot Tube

21 Experimental Set-up 6 Pressure transducers for 5 holes and reference velocity MKS A Total P1 MKS A Ref P2 Manometer MKS 698A (1 Torr ) Signal conditioner MKS 670B P4 P5(Pitch angle) Manometer YOGOKAWA MT210(500 kpa) P1(Total Pressure) P2 P3 (Yaw angle) * Pressure Transducer Connections MKS A MKS B MKS C MKS D Total (+) P1 P1 P1 P1 Ref (-) P2 P3 P4 P5 YOKOGAWA MKS E Total (+) P1 P2 Ref (-) P2 P3

22 Calibration Results Pitch angle calibration curve (versus pitch angle) F 1 = P 4 P 5 P 1 P 2

23 Calibration Results Velocity calibration curve (versus pitch angle) F 2 = C P P std P 1 P 2 C p : Reference Pitot tube Coefficients P std : Reference Pitot differential Pressure

24 Uncertainty evaluation Uncertainty analyses for calibration procedure and coefficients at each system Uncertainty analyses for measuring volumetric flow rate in stack by Prism-shaped probe Future work and planning Pitot tube characterization L type pitot tube in different pitch and yaw angle Effect of static hole Cobra probe simulation Investigate characteristics of yaw and pitch angle effects near prism-shaped probe Calibration of 3D Pitot Tubes and Flow Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standard traceability Integrated testing with pressure scanner and traversing stage for 3D pitot tube calibration Calibration method and facility Conduct calibration at KRISS wind tunnel and CMS wind tunnel Comparison of calibration methods

25 Thanks for Your Listening