A fossil free Denmark year 2050

Transcription

1 CREM Centre de recherches énergétiques et municipales MARTIGNY, 9 May 2016 A fossil free Denmark year Danish Energy Policies and history Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University

2 The first oil crisis in 1973 The Danish energy consumption in 1972 Primary Energy Supply 1972 Oil Coal Natural Gas Renewable Energy

3 40 Years of active Energy Planning 40 years of active Government and Parliament Energy Policies. Including NGO alternative strategies and public debate

4 40 years with a stable energy consumption World Primary Energy Consumption 400 RES 1000 PJ 300 Nuclear 200 Ngas Oil Coal

5 Domestic heating

6 Value of Danis h E nerg y P roduc ts MDK K Export of energy technolo gy and fuels 30 Total 20 O il 10 Natural G as C oal Danis h export of E nerg y T ec hnolog y C rude oil The Danish Energy Authority, MDK K MDK K Natural gas 1990 E lec tric ity Value of Danis h E nerg y P roduc ts % 45 18% 40 16% 35 14% 30 12% 25 10% 20 8% 15 6% 10 4% 5 2% 0 0% E x port S hare of Total E x ports

7 Export of Danish Energy Technology

8 The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy Expressed by former Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in his opening speech to the Parliament in 2006 and in several political agreements since then: To convert to 100% Renewable Energy Prime minister 16 November 2008: We will free Denmark totally from fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas Prime minister 16 November 2008: position Denmark in the heart of green growth

9 Energy agreement % RES by % RES for electricity and heating by 2035 No coal on power plants and no oil for heating households by % wind in electricity supply by % CO2 reduction by 2020 compared to 1990

10 100% Renewable Energy 2050 but how???!!

11 Renewable Energy Systems A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions 2. Edition in 2014 New Chapter on 1. Edition in 2010 Smart Energy Systems and Infrastructures

12 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Wind integration.!!

13 Danish electricity production Big power stations Small CHP plants Wind turbines

14 Backside of the medal % Hour

15 Wind production Eltra 1996 (2042 MWh pr MW) 500 MWh/h Wind energy Hours Wind production Eltra 2000 (2083 MWh pr MW) 2000 MWh/h Hours Wind production Eltra 2001 (1964 MWh pr MW) MWh/h Input: Data from total productions of wind turbines in the TSO Eltra area (West Denmark) Hours

16 Energi System Analyse Model

17 A palette of solutions Flexible consumption Electricity storage CAES systems Regulation of CHP plants Electric heating Heat pumps Electric cars Stopping of wind turbines Production of hydrogen Transmission abroad V2G

18 Conclusions: Regulation of CHP and heat storage (implemented in DK in 2004): Makes possible to integrate 20% Wind Power (and 50% CHP) Adding large heat pumps and heat storage capacity to existing CHP plants: Makes possible to integrate 40% Wind Power (and 50% CHP) Electricity for transportation (integrate approx. 60% wind power) Important to involve the new flexible technologies in the grid stabilisation task

19 Smart Energy Systems

20 Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)

21 0.16 m3 Thermal Storage /MWh (Private house: 160 liter for DKK) Thermal Storage 6200 m3 Thermal Storage 2500 /MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3 for 5.4 mio. DKK) 4 m3 Thermal Storage 40,000 /MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3 for 50,000 DKK) 200,000 m3 Thermal Storage 500 /MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3 for 30 mio. DKK)

22 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Heat

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24 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Transportation

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26 Smart Energy Systems ms/

27 More information: