Greenhouse carbon- Possibilities in sustainable development in Finnish greenhouse production

Transcription

1 Greenhouse carbon- Possibilities in sustainable development in Finnish greenhouse production Futures for Food

2 Responsible food chain better consumer well-being/mtt Research on how to develop responsibility on food chain and contribute to sustainable choices in consuming and well-fare Research on primary production, industry, trade, consumers and waste management related to food sector Aim is to reduce harmful environmental impacts on food chain and health problems related to wrong diets by consumers including costs of health care In Finland 40 % of environmental impacts of human consumption come from food and 24 % of climate impact Responsible food chain better consumer well-being

3 Background and general information The suggestion to the project came from the producers There have been previous LCA-investigations of cucumber and tomato The assumption was that there have been environmental benefits of changes in energy profiles of greenhouse farms in Finland The need for climate impact calculation for greenhouse production of single farms in Finland was high, because the farms differ from each other The project was focused on climate impact The products were tomato, cucumber, lettuce, tulip and Elatior Begonia The project was made by using life-cycle assessment methodology Funders MMM, Puutarhasäätiö, SLC ja MTT

4 Description of the project The project was coordinated by MTT and made in co-operation with the greenhouse growers associations (Kauppapuutarhaliitto and Svenska lantbruksproducenternas centralförbund SLC ) and pilot farms Pilot farms: Four tomato, cucumber, and lettuce farms, two tulip farms and two flower farms Different solutions for energy source, construction material, farming periods, lighting solutions etc. The data was collected from year 2011 Responsible food chain better consumer well-being Data collection and calculations mainly based on Finnish instructions for climate impact calculations for food products made by MTT The results were kg carbon dioxide equivalents per the amount of products Data mainly direct from producers, but a part of data from literature Deliverables were final report and greenhouse gas calculator

5 System boundaries Responsible food chain better consumer well-being PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS Plants/bulbs Substrates Fertilizers Transport of materials Packaging Material Electricity Heat Waste Tranports GREENHOUSES Heating Storage Substrate waste Lighting Other electricity Other waste Machines Plant waste Infrastructure Seeds Water Transport of Products Distribution System boundaries

6 Tomato: results of pilot farms, energy profiles and some other data Climate impact of tomato production chain (kgco 2 -eq./1000kg tomato) Waste management Transports Packaking Substrate Fertilizers 1500 Plants Greenhouse T1 Greenhouse T2 Greenhouse T3 Greenhouse T4 Average Carbon dioxide Heat Electricity Greenhouse T1 T2 T3 T4 Lightning yes no yes no Cultivation period ,5 Electricity carbon free basic green green Heat Peat, chips, liquid gas Oil, chips oil oil

7 Tomato, scenarios Climate impact of different energy profiles of tomato production (kgco 2 -eq./1000kg tomato) Waste management Transports Packaking Substrate Fertilizers Plants Carbon dioxide Heat Electricity 0 Chips and carbon free electricity Average heat and electricity Oil & average electricity Peat and average electricity 7

8 Tomato production in different seasons, climate impact in kgco 2 -eq/t tomatos Average Winter Summer 8

9 Cucumber, energy profiles Energy profiles of cucumbers, pilot greenhouses (MJ/1000kg cucumber) Electricity Heat Greenhouse C1 Greenhouse C2 Greenhouse C3 Greenhouse C4 Keskiarvo

10 Cucumber: results of pilot farms, energy profiles and some other data Climate impact of cucumber, pilot cases(kgco 2 -eq./1000kg cucumber) Greenhouse C1 Greenhouse C2 Greenhouse C3 Greenhouse C4 Average Waste management Transports Packaking Substrate Fertilizers Plants Carbon dioxide Heat Electricity Greenhouse C1 C2 C3 C4 Lightning Yes Yes Yes No Cultivation period 12 11, Electricity Basic Basic carbon free Basic Heat liquefied petroleum gas Oil, peat, chips Peat, chips Oil, liquefied petroleum gas

11 Lettuce The differences between pilot cases were even more significant The variation was between kg CO 2 -eq/1000 peaces of lettuce The pilot case of smallest climate impact used totally renewable energy The part of substrate and packaging was more remarkable in that case than other cases

12 Flowers The energy was the most important component of the climate impact of begonia production - 77 % Climate impact was kg CO 2 -eq/1000 peaces of flowers The energy profile caused also the biggest differences in carbon footprints of tulip The bulb production was important too Climate impact was kg CO 2 -eq/10000 peaces of tulips

13 Main conclusions Energy production is the most remarkable component The part of energy production was in many cases over 90 % of climate impact When the energy is renewable energy can other components be remarkable too Then also packing, substrates and fertilizers can have more remarkable contribution to climate impact The share of electricity and heat energy differ in relation to the lighting solutions The greenhouse gas calculator The produced greenhouse calculator helps the cultivator to do right solutions when concerning the climate impact of own production The calculator makes possible to calculate the impacts of different scenarios - impacts on yields of different solutions should be taken into account too The calculators can play a significant role in the future in new investment decisions, especially

14 Other environmental impacts Water footprint Pesticides Eutrophication Working conditions? Calculation tools for also to other impact classes?

15 Questions?

16 Kysymyksiä? Thank you!