Airfield Pavement Life Cycle Assessment Framework and Guidelines

Transcription

1 Airfield Pavement Life Cycle Assessment Framework and Guidelines Presentation by Ali Azhar Butt, Phd, Aff.M.ASCE Asst. Project Scientist, UCPRC UCPRC contacts:

2 Research Team University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) John T Harvey Darren Reger Arash Saboori Maryam Ostovar Ali A Butt Project funded by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Navneet Garg

3 Project Description Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework and guidelines for the airfields Phase I: - Develop LCA framework and guidelines for the application of LCA to airfields Phase II: - Using the guidelines, perform few case studies with help of FAA and the airports in the US Phase III (Potential): - Develop an LCA tool that can be used by the airports for decision support.

4 Definition: LCA - Investigate the environmental aspect of a product/service/process/an activity - Identifying & quantifying related input and output flows utilized by the system - Life cycle perspective Scope: Cradle to Grave Cradle to Gate Cradle to Lay Cradle to cradle Gate to gate

5 Raw Material Product Disposal Recycle

6 ISO & 14044:2006 Establish the system to evaluate & define the system boundaries Goal Definition & Scope - Accounting stage - Material and energy balances - Translate the Inventory output to impacts on humans and the environment. Inventory Analysis Impact Assessment Interpretation - Assessing and concluding based on the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases in relation to the objectives of the study.

7 adapted from Butt 2014 Electricity Raw Materials Recycled Materials Pavement Design Input Material Construction Maintenance Use End Of Life Extraction Processing Transport Laying Compaction Transport Mill Lay Compact Transport Albedo Lighting P-V Interaction Recycle Transport Dispose Output Air, land & waterborne emissions Waste Recyclable Materials

8 A Unit Process

9 Process Flowchart: Goal and Scope Define goal Determine functional unit application Complete scoping document for LCA study Determine reporting requirements Define system boundaries & Life cycle phases Determine critical review process Define goal Define data quality requirements Select impact categories Define data requirements Define interpretation process Document assumptions & limitations

10 Scope of draft FAA LCA framework Included in LCA for Airfields Runways Taxiways Aprons Drainage Fences Parking areas (inside fence area) Airside Airport Land Vehicles Aircraft Land use Signs and pavement markings Pavement lighting Not Included in LCA for Airfields All land-side features and operations Planning Capacity Barriers and other safety appurtenances Ice and snow management Land-side Airport Land Vehicles Bridges and other structures Buildings and terminals

11 Data Types Data Type Measurable Issues Plant-specific Directly measured from the source Can be classified as primary data Expensive Long-term measurements required Models Models define how certain Incorrect results due to variables are related/connected incomplete information to each other and how they can be processed within a system. Sometimes lot of assumptions are involved Industry Averages Benchmark in an industry Combination of primary and secondary data that is plant specific and calculated from data models, i.e., averages of data in a selected industry Results considered biased May not really representative of actual condition Good but not the best The closest acceptable value might be far from reality

12 Process Flowchart: Life Cycle Inventory Goal definition & scope Prepare for data collection Data collection Validation of data Relating data to unit process & functional unit Allocation incld reuse & recycling Data calculation and assumptions Refining system boundaries Completed Inventory

13 Complexity Study complexities and data availability - Relevance of complex studies - Low data availability - Knowledge about important aspects is generated - Relevance of detailed studies - High data availability - Input data are generated Network level Project Planning Level Design Level adapted from Butt 2014

14 Process Flowchart: Life Cycle Impact Assessment Goal definition & scope Life Cycle Inventory Mandatory Selecting impact categories, category indicators & characterization models Classification Characterization Normalization, Grouping & Weighting Optional Completed Impact Assessment

15 Characterization Processes Inventory results Classification Impact Categories Midpoint indicators Endpoint indicators CO 2 CO 2 Aggregate production NH 4 NO x CH 4 N 2 O Global Warming Global Warming Potential- CO 2 equivalent Climate Change Runway Construction CH 4 N 2 O NO x SO x Acidification Acidification Potential (H+ equivalent) Crops loss due to acid rain SO x NH 4

16 Process Flowchart: Interpretation Identification of Significant Issues Based on Findings of LCI and LCIA Stages Evaluation procedure Completeness evaluation Consistency checks Sensitivity analysis & checks Conclusions, Discussion on Limitations, and Further Recommendations

17 Airport PHASE II: Case Studies Boston Logan Intl Airport (Massachusetts Port Authority) Nashville Intl Airport (Atkins) O Hare Intl Airport (Bowman, Barrett & Associates Inc.) John F Kennedy Intl Airport (Port Authority of New York & New Jersey) Davis Airport (UCDavis)

18 PHASE II: Case Studies Airport Goal Scope A B C D Environmental benefits of using WMA and RAP in the runway rehab project. Environmental benefits of using WMA and RAP in the reconstruction taxiway project Comparison ground tire rubber & RAP versus conventional P-401 mix, AND concrete mixes with reduced cement content and SCM with conventional P-501 mix Benchmark(standalone) study to quantify the environmental impacts from the reconstruction of 4R- 22L Cradle to Lay (materials, transportation and construction stages) Cradle to Lay (materials, transportation and construction stages) Cradle to gate (material stage and transportation) Cradle to Lay (materials, transportation, construction stages) E Comparative study on runway lane widening at Davis airport by either doing full depth reclamation or total reconstruction Cradle to Lay (materials, transportation, construction stages)

19 Percent mass of materials in WMA Actual Total Length of Runway (ft) Length of Runway that was Rehabed (ft) 15% 1% 0.16% 0.06% 3.78% 0.00% Aggregate RAP Lime Virgin Binder Latex 80% Sasobit RAP Binder Content

20 Lot No. Sublot (Core Id No.) Sublot (Core) Thickness (inch) Sub-Lot length (LF) Sub-Lot width (LF) Quantity of Material in the Sub-Lot (Ton) 1 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

21 Lot No. Sub-Lot length (LF) Sub-Lot width (LF) Avg Thickness (inch) Quantity (Ton)

22 Global Warming Potential per Lot GHG emissions kg CO 2-eq /m Lots

23 Total Impacts from the Project GWP (kg CO 2e ) POCP (kg O 3e ) PM2.5 (kg) PED (MJ) FE (MJ) Runway Rehabilitation 2.67E E E E E+07

24 Acknowledgement This work is supported by the FAA Airport Technology Research and Development Branch. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Mr. Guy Zummo, Mr. Ernesto Larrazabal (PANYNJ), Mr. Ross Anderson (BBANDAINC), Mr. Manuel Bejarano (ATKINS), Mr. Clifford Contreras, Mr. Kurt Wengler (UCDavis) and Mr. Rick Bessom (MASSPORT). The contents of this research reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the FAA.