Green Rural Communities

Transcription

1 Green Rural Communities Enhancing Security in the Middle East through Regional Cooperation on Renewable Energy January 2008 Dr. Ofira Ayalon

2 GEN s Israeli Affiliate Center of Excellence The Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology is the Israeli affiliate of GEN since September 2005 Goals of Affiliation Jointly promote technologies that produce clean energy and conserve energy resources, and Advance projects utilizing these technologies. A Global Research, Demonstration & Capacity-Building Collaboration aimed at advancing Energy-Efficient Community Development around the World 2

3 The Energy Forum at SNI The Energy Forum was created by SNI as an expert professional platform for: Discussing current state of renewable and alternative energy technologies in Israel Assembling recommendations on policy measures for accelerating the introduction of existing technologies into the Israeli economy Developing projects to study advanced technologies 3

4 Energy Forum: Activities Highlights Eight Forum meetings were convened within the past 18 months Each Forum meeting focuses on a certain theme and a particular cluster of technologies Full reports are available in Hebrew with Summary Reports also published in English On-going discussions are being held with government ministries to raise awareness to the issues and to advance the implementation of the Forum recommendations To view forum reports please go to: 4

5 Forum Themes: Solar Energy Technologies Solar PV Systems An attractive power generation option Review R&D needs Incentives for solar electricity Solar Thermal Systems Emphasis on industrial and commercial systems Modifying the building code Adjusting taxation practices 5

6 Forum Themes: Other Energy Sources Combined Heat and Power (Co-Generation) Systems Incentives for use of CHP systems in industry Need for technical resources and training Overcoming institutional barriers Waste-to-Energy Technologies Extracting energy from municipal landfills Energy from Agricultural waste Need for national emission standards 6

7 The mission: Carbon emissions reduction Energy Water link Direct Impacts Indirect/ political concerns

8 Importance of Agriculture Population % of Agric. Of GDP Surface Area (sq. km.) Available Water resources (m2 /capita year Egypt 74,032, % 1,001, Israel 6,923, % 22, Palestinian Authority 3,626, % 6, Jordan 5,473, % 88, Source: FOEME

9 Direct impacts- Security Implications of Climate Change Sea Level Rise will impact the Israel PA coastal aquifer Further increase salinity of drinking water for Gaza Further contaminate Israel s coastal aquifer

10 Direct impacts- Security Implications of Climate Change Reduced rainfall- Severe water shortages Agricultural losses Migration in search of resources Refugees from inundated lands Agricultural losses Disease and health impacts- malaria, cholera, West Nile etc. Economic crisis

11 Rural Communities- Characteristics Remote (expensive physical infrastructure) Remote (small, closed communities) Generally, agriculture Often rural residents see no way to improve their lives, but to move to the cities.

12 Carbon emissions reduction I. Waste management - Urban and rural cooperation II. Energy in rural communities - Energy conservation - Energy efficiency - Renewables

13 Waste composition in Israel (%, weight) PLASTICS ORGANIC CARDBOARD PAPER METALS GLASS MISC. DIAPERS TEXTILE Middle East- High Organic content in waste, low organic content of soils

14 Facts and figures Waste landfilling contributes 13% of GHG Each ton of biologically treated waste can reduce 0.25 tons of carbon dioxide Compost application at rates of m3/ha leads to a 10-20% crop yield increase One ton of dry vegetative matter leads to the sequestration of 2 tons carbon dioxide

15 Benefits Revenue increase in agriculture Saving on organic waste landfilling Total benefits $/year 103,121,000 56,741, ,862,000 Costs OMSW separation at the source and collection Organic waste transportation Compost variable production costs Compost fixed production costs Compost transportation Compost application in the field Total costs Net benefits 41,556,000 8,982,000 7,966, ,000 5,405,000 6,821,000 71,286,000 88,576,000

16 Ein Harod Ichud- Kibbutz 600 members Industry (Ricor, Palbam) : Agriculture Tourism Cryogenic Coolers Industry

17 The project s overarching goals : - Cost-effective, energy-efficient operation & demand response for typical agricultural rural settlements; - Maximum utilization of appropriate renewable energy resources and efficient integration of local energy systems with existing energy grids; - Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions & environmental impacts from residential, institutional, industrial and agricultural operations on-site. Kibbutz Ein-Harod Ihud cow shed

18 Energy conservation Free riders Education W cost NIS life ROI NIS Energy costs NIS Total annual costs NIS PL bulbs PL hr Reg hr

19 Projects in the pipeline Installing electricity meters Replacement old AC with new and efficient ones Residential solar water heating Energy conservation at the kitchen and dining room solar + heating during the night Heat recovery from milk cooling systems.

20 Derigat Village 50km NE of Beer Sheba 800 people live in the village (60 % are under 18) Annual radiation 2129 KWh/sq m

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22 PV in Derigat 20 domestic PV systems (1Kwp) 6 street lights 1 educational system in the local school 1 for the Mosque

23 Solar System 1- Solar Panels 2- distribution box 3- regulator 4- Battery bank 720Amps/h 5- consumer 6- Inverter (DC->AC 2500W) 7- switch 8- machines 9- Generator 10- charger

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25 Solar street lightening

26 Solar Mosque lightening

27 Summary Means to reduce CO 2 emissions were presented The Rural community can exploit its advantages both as the agriculture sector as well as a remote and distant community that can implement technologies to reduce energy demand as well as implementation of advanced solar technologies. Reducing CO 2 has additional advantages: - Sustainable waste management, reduction in air pollution, increased sustainability, increased security

28 Thank you! Dr. Ofira Ayalon S. Neaman Institute Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, Graduate School of Management University of Haifa