IWRM and WATER REFORM IN VIET NAM

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1 IWRM and WATER REFORM IN VIET NAM

2 OVERVIEW OF WATER RESOURCE INSTITUTIONAL SEPARATION CHALLENGES THE WAY FORWARD

3 OVERVIEW OF WATER RESOURCE Viet Nam s water resources vary over time and space 63% originates in other countries Viet Nam is generally a high rainfall country (1960mm/year) but it is not water rich. Because rainfall is distributed unevenly in space and time. It suffers from long dry seasons (7-8 months) and nearly two thirds of its water is concentrated in the far south in the Mekong delta.

4 Surface water.overview continued 3,450 rivers whose length is more than 10 km; A dense river network; 9 large river basins with a catchment areas of km 2 or more each; The total annual surface water is around billion m 3 per year, unevenly distributed in different times of the year; Has thousands of reservoirs (7000) of various sizes with total capacity of around 25 billion m 3

5 Groundwater resource Viet Nam is assessed as a country with abundant groundwater resources;.overview continued Abundant- with the total about 63 billion m 3 per year; However, its distribution is unequal from regions to regions. Less 5% of the total reserves are exploited; The abstraction varies. Basically, the quality of groundwater is relatively good, and meets the requirement for utilisation, including domestic water supply.

6 Because Viet Nam is a long narrow country, with many separate rivers flowing from the west to the east, constructed reservoirs can only service a small portion of the county. On average surface water is generally plentiful but in dry times there is growing competition for access to water and increasing conflicts. Groundwater is generally available but in some areas (eg around Hanoi) local extractions are seriously lowering water tables Overview continued

7 INSTITUTIONAL SEPARATION Water resources have long been recognised as a critical factor for the development of VN In the late 1990s, the process of Public Administration Reform and the emergence of the resource management concept coincided The results were: Law on Water Resources (1998/ 2012) The creation of the National Water Resources Council for inter-ministerial coordination (2000) The creation of a new Ministry (MoNRE) as the water resource manager (2003)

8 MoNRE was created in order to: Separate the function of state unified management of natural resources from the function of state management of the exploitation and use of natural resources for economic and technical purposes This also makes it possible to improve the coordination between water management and the management of the environment (including water quality) and land resources, and to achieve IWRM

9 The National Water Resources Council for inter-ministerial coordination (2000) Consulting the Government in making important decisions about water resources, such as: Strategies and policies of national water resources; Approval of plans, moving water between major river basins; Projects by Government on water resources Resolving disputes over water resources between ministries, sectors, localities, international water resources

10 Law on Water Resources (1998/ 2012) New Water Law enacted in 2012 which has focused on handling the shortcomings and weaknesses of the LWR 1998; Moreover it has also institutionalized the Party s views and path and the country's development strategy related to water resources as well as reflected the world s modern views on integrated water resources management.

11 National water resouces Strategy in ( towards the year 2020) The NWRS indicates how the Government plans to achieve goals and objectives in the water sector. It: Provides a framework for water management and Prioritises Government and non-government water management activities. The NWRS is intended to help to coordinate and guide the strategies, plans and activities of water-related ministries, provincial governments, and river basin organisations.

12 CHALLENGES Socio-economic Challenges Population growth (population will double to 160 M in 40 years) Urbanisation (most people will live in cities) Poverty alleviation (for remote and poor communities) Economic growth targets (how to maintain the current 7% growth rates sustainably) Democratisation and decentralisation (increasingly devolve decision making to those affected by decisions) Private sector participation (creating the framework for the private sector to invest)

13 Water Resource Challenges Surface water and groundwater quantity (how to share water and manage the competition over access to water) Surface water and groundwater pollution (domestic, agriculture and industrial pollution) Degradation of wetlands and estuaries, coastal areas, water catchments and river banks Managing and preventing damage caused by water (particularly flooding)

14 Governance Challenges Institutional arrangements (clarify mandates for all, at all administrative levels) Capacity building (technical capacity is good but need much greater capacity in IWRM, this is the gap) International cooperation (to bring other countries into formal agreements) Awareness and understanding at all levels (making the community accept change and to get involved) Financing structures (more efficient and strategic use of available finances)

15 Technical and Knowledge Challenges Climate change (likely to cause further pressures on our water resources) Water resource and water use measurement (to determine what water we have and how much is being used we currently don t know) Environment/water responses (how to factor in water environmental requirements which are not yet considered) Information management and sharing (to generate a culture of sharing information)

16 THE WAY FORWARD Future solutions will involve a mix of tools: Improve policy and planning at international, national, river basin, provincial / locals levels, Establish regulatory frameworks to define clear rights and responsibilities including licensing and improved assessment procedures, Encourage best practice, water use efficiency, and efficient water service provision engage the community in water management, including education and awareness, and participatory mechanisms

17 Thank You