Hydroinformatics to Assess Management Regimes: Using Directed Networks and a Groundwater Decision Support System to Span Science and Policy

Transcription

1 Hydroinformatics to Assess Management Regimes: Using Directed Networks and a Groundwater Decision Support System to Span Science and Policy Suzanne A. Pierce, John M. Sharp, Jr., Jenifer Wehner Department of Geology and Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin September 28, 2011

2 Integrated Water Resources All the instances of scientific development and practice... are as much embedded in politics and cultures as they are creations of the researchers, practitioners, and institutions. Management (IWRM) (Paraphrased from Heymann, 2010; Dulay, unpublished image)

3 IWRM Collaborative processes meld the use of scientific information with citizen participation and technical decision support systems

4 Information to Knowledge Including physical and social components The affective domain (from the Latin affectus, meaning feelings ) includes a host of constructs, such as attitudes, values, beliefs, opinions, interests, and motivation. Socio-technical Systems are the People and Technology Dyad (Photo courtesy of Austin History Center, PICA17272) (Other content modified from Capella, 2007)

5 Informatics as an IWRM Tool Informatics academic discipline that utilizes engineering and scientific research methodologies to investigate or demonstrate how people learn information from data and how technology plays into that process Also includes study of how information is structured, stored, processed, communicated or transformed in response to previously held knowledge Is able to act as bridge between information technology and other fields of study

6 Information Visualization Information visualization a process of transforming data and information that are not inherently spatial into a visual form allowing the user to observe and understand the information. (NIST, 1996) Allows for increased comprehension of connections within large, complex data sets Literature review of application of informatics and information visualization in hydrology reveals informatics is limited to GIS and 3-D modeling applications This work expands the area of application

7 Can you Fingerprint concepts to reconnect Groundwater science & policy? (Borner et al, 2008; Klavans and Boyack, in press)

8 And one Fingerprint can be compared with others... (Borner et al, 2008; Klavans and Boyack, in press)

9 It s been done for Mapping Science What about Mapping the Water Policy-Science Interface? Can this be used to extend our understanding of the Role of Groundwater in a broader integrated context?

10 Aspects of Completing a Loop

11 Systems Architecture Integrated Modeling to Support Rapid Dispute Prevention

12 Elicitation for Science Models Benefits Quality of Life Good Water Quality Sprawl Historical Present Future Consequences

13 Case study: Barton Springs /Edwards Aquifer Well studied karst aquifer Rapidly growing urban area History of community conflict N ~5mi About 25% of the world s population depends on karstic water supply 40% of the United States uses water from karstic areas.

14 Topical Mapping of Water Plans Use informatics to analyze the relationship between groundwater yield and models Generate Directed Networks to visualize connections and patterns in a dataset Evaluate Case Dataset: Texas State Water Plans (TSWP) Develop topical maps for groundwater sustainability concepts

15 Information Visualization Two types used in this investigation: Directed Network concepts illustrated by nodes and lines illustrating connections between concepts Temporal Burst indicates how a data set changes over a certain time period Cluster theory the space between nodes inversely indicates the amount of similarity between the two nodes

16 Data Source: Texas State Water Plan Serves as planning document for 5 year period, evaluates 30 year planning horizon, includes entire state, plus nearly 30 modelled groundwater systems

17 Workflow Word Convert data to.txt format Lexical Analysis Normalize Text Unique Text Charts Thesaurus Excel Spreadsheets Word Categorization Charts Temporal Burst and Topical Analyses Tables Word Categorization Document Sci 2 Information Visualization Aggregated Spreadsheets Individual Document Topical Visuals Temporal Burst Horizontal Bar Graphs Aggregated Spreadsheets Temporal Topical Analysis Hybrid Bar Graphs

18 Lexical Analysis - Results Looked at top ten percent of words overall and in each section separately 2701 unique words in aggregation Water most frequently found, 1163 times in the 16 sections Next seven most frequently found words: state, conservation, planning, funding, provide, and management, respectively 2521 words in Policy Recommendations sections Most common words in order: Water (890), State (338) Financial considerations mentioned twice (funding and fund) 737 words in Objectives sections Economic considerations low Similar to overall word lists, water most commonly found

19 Water Policy Informatics Topic and Time Series Analysis 2007

20 Planning Models A Streetcar Named Desired Future Conditions People Many thanks to Joseph Biberstine of Indiana University at Bloomington

21 Base Time Topical Series Map Sustainable Yield Concepts for the State of Texas, United States

22 Time Base Series Map Law High Mid Availability Low Water Quality

23 Topic Availability Economics Law Ecology Intergenerational Equity Network Time Graphic Series Legend Simulated Response Metric Total Pumping (Sum of M 1 M 11 decision variables) Water Table Level (Attribute reported for zone 5 - A 19 ) Minimum spring flow (Attribute A 4 min) Average Spring Flow (Attribute A 1 average) Dry cells due to reduced saturated thickness (Sum of reported cells attribute A 3 )

24 Modeled Time Series Scores Scenario Availability (Total Pumping) Economics = water table level (A 19 ) Law = Minimum spring flow (A 1 min) Ecology = average spring flow (A 1 average) Intergenerational (equity) = dry cells (A 3 sum) Baseline Max Pumping Max Springflow Baseline with modified recharge

25 Melding the Model Time Outputs Series with Topical Maps Robust Max Pumping Max Springflow High Med Low Max Pumping Max Springflow Full set

26 Comparative Time Diagrams Series International Texas, United States South Australia, Australia

27 Conclusions This Phase I work serves as a proof of concept effort Still room for advancement using informatics and information visualization techniques to analyze data Need to increase categories to reflect role of science and technology inclusion or lack thereof in plans Extend to evaluate sustainable aquifer yield and related topics as agreed upon by groundwater managers and hydrogeologists

28 Completing the Loop & Feedback GWDSS HUB New Content Delivery Mechanisms GWDSS inside Interactive Access Links to Informatics Multi-touch table

29 Visual Analytics to Inspire Learning and Dialogue

30 References Alley, W., T. Reilly, et al. (1999). "Sustainability of ground-water resources." US Geological Survey Circular 1186: 79. Foster, S. S. D. & Chilton, P. J Groundwater: the processes and global significance of aquifer degradation. Phil.Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 358, Heymann, M. (2010). Studies in history and philosophy of science Part B. Studies in history and philosophy of modern physics, 41(3), Hutson, S.S., Barber, N.L., Kenny, J.F., Linsey, K.S., Lumia, D.S., Maupin, M.A., 2005, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular Kazmann, R.G., 1968, From Water Mining to Water Management: Ground Water, v. 6, no. 1, p Lee, C. H., 1915, The determination of safe yield of underground reservoirs of the closed basin type: Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., v. 78, p Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D., and Theoret, A.; 1976: The Structure of "Unstructured" Decision Processes: Administrative Science Quarterly; v. 21, no. 2, p Pierce, S.A.; 2008: Pieces of a puzzle: Why trans-disciplinary socio-technical tools are necessary to address water resource policy: American Institute of Professional Geologists and Arizona Hydrological Society: 3rd International Professional Geology Conference: Flagstaff, Arizona, USA; September 20-24, Sophocleous, M. (2000). "From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources-- the Kansas experience." Journal of Hydrology 235(1-2):