Allegheny County Health Department. Air Toxics Study

Transcription

1 Allegheny County Health Department Air Toxics Study

2 Air Toxic Study Goals Measure selected air toxics in local communities Develop a cancer and non-cancer cumulative risk analysis Source apportionment (local industries verses mobile sources) Continue to operate UV-DOAS monitors as part of the ACHD air monitoring network

3 CMU Sampling Activity Four intensives were completed at Avalon monitoring station since 12/05 Sampling period: 90 days, once per season Intensives are currently under way at an urban site in Downtown Pittsburgh. Continuous GC-MS, one analysis per hour Introduce new single particle SVOC instrument (diesel emissions) at urban site.

4 ACHD Integrated Sampling Summa Canister Sampling started 02/16/06 (55 compounds) Carbonyl Sampling started on 03/01/06 (15 compounds) Downtown, Avalon, Stowe, South Fayette Schedule = sample every sixth day Duration = 24 hours

5 ACHD UV-DOAS Monitors Open path technology Ultra violet differential optical absorption spectroscopy High time resolution (5 minutes) High sensitivity (low ppb) Criteria pollutants (SO 2, O 3, NO 2 ) Air toxics (benzene, ethyl benzene, xylenes, phenol, styrene, mercury, formaldehyde, toluene) Real time data via telephone modem

6 Pittsburgh Air Toxics Study Sites

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8 Downtown Open Path 642m

9 Neville Island Open Path 486m

10 Downtown Open Path

11 Receiver at Flag Plaza

12 Spectrometer at Flag Plaza

13 View From Light Source

14 Downtown Light Source Installation

15

16 Receiver on Neville Island

17 Light Source for Neville Island

18 Spectrometer on Neville Island

19 View of Light Source from Neville Island

20 Shenango Coke Works Viewed From the Neville Island UV-DOAS Receiver

21 UV DOAS Data Comparisons Monday June 19, 2006 Episode

22 Benzene June 19 Neville Dow ntow n 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 ppb

23 Toluene June 19 Neville Dow ntown 18:00 20:00 22:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 ppb

24 Styrene June 19 Neville Downtown 20:00 22:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 6:00 8:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 ppb

25 Phenol June 19 Neville Downtown 20:00 22:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 ppb

26 Formaldehyde June 19 Neville Dow ntown Average 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 ppb

27 Sulfur Dioxide June 19 Neville Downtown 18:00 20:00 22:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 8:00 10:00 6:00 4:00 2:00 0:00 ppb

28 Nitrogen Dioxide June 19 Neville Downtown 18:00 20:00 22:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 6:00 4:00 2:00 0:00 ppb

29 Neville June 19 Benzene Tol uene o-xyl ene Styr ene Phenol For maldehyde 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 ppb 0:00 2:00 4:00

30 Downtown June 19 Benzene Toluene o-xylene St yrene Phenol Formaldehyde 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 ppb 0:00 2:00 4:00

31 Downtown Open Path May through January Average (ppb) 1-HourMax(ppb) Formaldehyde Benzene Phenol Toluene Ethylbenzene Mercury p-xylene m-xylene o-xylene Styrene

32 Neville Island Open Path May through January 2006 Average (ppb) 1-HourMax(ppb) Formaldehyde Benzene Phenol Toluene Ethylbenzene Mercury p-xylene m-xylene 0.001?? o-xylene Styrene

33 Opsis UV-DOAS Operational Issues Longer than expected learning curve associated with calibration procedures Blue tooth communication between receiver and light transmitter is sometimes sporadic, causing misalignment of the light source some data loss. (Worse at Neville Island site) m-xylene analysis is problematic due to drifting baseline leading to periods of no (zero) readings. (Worse at Neville Island site) Ozone readings are often much lower than our point source monitors. Opsis Inc. is aware if this issue but they do not yet have an explanation.

34 Advantages of Opsis UV-DOAS Telemetered continuous data available Excellent range and sensitivity for all parameters. Low maintenance after quarterly calibration is successfully performed. USEPA Equivalent method designation for ozone, SO2 and NO2 SO2 and NO2 correlates quite well with our point source monitors

35 CMU Winter 06 Intensive Data Avalon Air Monitoring Site

36 3 day time series 3 days during which: Significant numbers and quantity of toxins were measured. Wind was blowing from Neville Island and from Downtown Pittsburgh.

37 3 Day Time Series

38 Winter 06 data 3 Day Time Series

39 Winter 06 data Benzene shows a concentration increase when the wind is blowing from Neville Island. Toluene concentrations are elevated when the wind is from the Pittsburgh direction and slightly elevated from the Neville Island direction.

40 Winter 06 data 3 Day Time Series

41 Winter 06 data elevated only when the wind is blowing from Pittsburgh

42 Winter 06 data 3 Day Time Series

43 Winter 06 data elevated only when the wind is blowing from Pittsburgh different source or source class than MBK and MEK

44 Concentration Ratios of Air Toxics

45 CMU Risk Estimates 2006 Integrated Sampling Results (A) Benzyl chloride Trichloroethene Hexachlorobutadiene Dichloroethane, 1,2- Tetrachloroethene (B) He xane Xylene, o- Bromomethane Toluene Carbon tetrachloride Chloromethane Downtown Industiral Site (Avalon/Stowe) Background (S. Fayette) Dichlorobenzene,1,4- Chloroform Butadiene, 1,3- Acetaldehyde Carbon tetrachloride Benzene Formaldehyde Downtown Industiral Site (Avalon/Stowe) Background (S. Fayette) Xylene, m /p- Benzene Acetone Hexachlorobutadiene Butadiene, 1,3- Acetaldehyde Formaldehyde Acrolien 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 Cancer Lifetime Individual Risk Hazard Quotient

46 2006 Elizabeth Township Toxics Study A special study conducted at the request local residents Target compounds selected based on emission inventories submitted by local industry Analysis of 24 hour charcoal sorbent tubes for VOC s Analysis of 24 hour quartz PM-10 high volume filters for metals Sampling conducted every 6 days throughout 2006

47 Avalon / Charcoal Tube HAP 2006 Average (ppb) Hour Max (ppb) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene p-xylene m-xylene o-xylene Stowe / Charcoal Tube HAP Elizabeth (3 rd Street) / Charcoal Tube HAP 2006 Average (ppb) Hour Max (ppb) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene p-xylene m-xylene o-xylene Average (ppb) Hour Max (ppb) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene p-xylene m-xylene o-xylene

48 Volatile Organic Compounds / Elizabeth 2006 Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene p-xylene m-xylene o-xylene ppb 1/17/2006 2/17/2006 3/17/2006 4/17/2006 5/17/2006 6/17/2006 7/17/2006 8/17/2006 9/17/ /17/ /17/ /17/2006

49 3 rd Street, Elizabeth, PA Metals in PM10 Units = ng/m3 n=57 samples Cr As Pb Ni Mn Zn Se 2006 Avg Max

50 HAP Metals in Elizabeth Cr As Pb Ni Mn Zn Se ng/m3 1/17/2006 2/17/2006 3/17/2006 4/17/2006 5/17/2006 6/17/2006 7/17/2006 8/17/2006 9/17/ /17/ /17/ /17/2006

51 Elizabeth Study Conclusions Arsenic- Measured levels of arsenic are consistently higher at the Elizabeth site than those measured at other locations in Allegheny County. (Based on limited data) Chromium- Measured levels of chromium were significant at the Elizabeth 3rd Street location. An Additional study would be useful that is designed to measure the more harmful hexavalent chromium (VI) portion of the total measured chromium. Toluene- Toluene is the most significantly elevated VOC observed in the results from the Elizabeth 3rd street location. Average and maximum results were over twice those seen in Avalon, during the same span. Avalon was the site that showed the highest toluene levels during the Pittsburgh Air Toxics Study during the same time. Ethyl Benzene- Average and Maximum Ethyl Benzene levels at the 3rd Street Elizabeth site were nearly twice that of either Avalon or Stowe during 2006 according to charcoal tube results. Xylene During 2006, all three species of xylene were highest at the Elizabeth 3rd Street location. Avalon came in second, followed by Stowe.