Transport and the Environment

Transcription

1 Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles Transport and the Environment Glynda Bathan Policy and Partnership Manager Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center UNEP-TNT Fleet Management Toolkit Launch M akat i, Philippines Oct ober 28, 29 Set up at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, September 22 Clearinghouse based at UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya A public private partnership with 116 members from government, private sector, civil society & international organisations 1 2 Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles Road Transport Working towards: - Global elimination of leaded gasoline - Phase-down of sulphur levels in diesel and gasoline fuels - Adoption of cleaner vehicle requirements and technologies - Development of improved automotive fuel efficiency policies & strategies Technical expertise Networking Funding support National working groups Fuel quality & data Vehicle standards Diesel technology Cleaner fleets Cost/benefit analysis Awareness campaigns Road transport is essential for the movement of goods and people Environmental issues accompany the growth of road transport Air pollution, GHG emissions, energy consumption are the most notable 3 4 Energy Use for Road Transport Road Transport and Energy Consumption The transport sector consumes nearly ~6% of the world s petroleum supply (IEA) ~8% of the total transport energy demand goes to road transport (IEA) 5 6 1

2 Energy Consumption Share of Transport in Oil Demand is Increasing 45. Primary Energy Consumption % increase from 1965 to 27 7 million tons oil equivalent Share of transport in Primary oil demand (%) Total S. & Cent. America Total Europe & Eurasia Total Middle East Total Africa Total Asia Pacific Total North America Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 28 7 Source: IEA WEO 28 8 Developing Countries are Catching Up Road Vehicles in Asia are Increasing Total Vehicles and Motorization Index ASEAN (Major Countries) China INDIA Source: IEA WEO 28 Source: UNEP, based on IEA projections Total Vehicles (in millions) -(Left Axis) Motorization Index (V/1 P) (Right Axis) Data sourced from Segment Y 9 1 Vehicle Growth in the Philippines The total number of vehicles in the Philippines is projected to increase by 5.27 times from 25 to 235 The number of passenger cars will exceed the total number of motorcycles in 235. Light commercial vehicles will have the highest increase : 4.37 times from 25 to 235 Road Transport and Air Pollution 6,, 5,, 4,, 3,, 2,, 1,, Data sourced from Segment Y Passenger Cars LCV HCV

3 Air Pollution Air Pollution and Cities CO Carbon monoxide Pb Lead criteria pollutants O3 Ozone SO2 Sulf ur dioxide PM Particulate matter NOx Nitrogen oxides VOCs Volatile organic compounds Air toxics contamination of the air with harmful or poisonous substances emissions of unwanted chemicals or other materials, which exceeds the capacity of natural processes to convert or disperse them 13 The impacts of vehicle emissions are most visible in cities. With more vehicles polluting the air, higher density populations exposed to the poor air quality, and buildings that prevent the dissipation of emissions, these impacts are greatly compounded. The most severe air quality is typically found in quickly developing cities where economic growth drives transport growth, but stricter emissions regulations have not yet been put in place Air Pollution in Metro Manila Air Pollution Impacts Percentage Contribution of Source Types to Particulate Matter Pollution in Metro Manila 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Soil Construction Biomass Burning Traffic Source: Public Health Monitoring of the Metro Manila Air Quality Improvement Sector Development Program * 23 Figures Photo: 4cd3e/m 1x198_9. jpg Air Pollution Health Impacts - Every year 1.5 billion people in cities breathe air that exceeds World Health Organization standards; - Increasing attention particulate matter, especially ultra fine particles (PM 2.5 or less) due to cardio-respiratory problems - WHO air quality guidelines do not specify a lower limit for PM you cannot reduce it enough 17 Transport Health Impacts in Metro Manila Exposure estimates also indicate that about 1 percent of the urban population in Metro Manila (roughly 1 million) is exposed to hazardous levels annually Motor vehicles have more widespread impact. Major roads stand out as areas with the highest concentrations of PM where annual levels exceed 1 µg/m3. Predicted ambient PM concentrations in µg/m3 from both stationary and mobile sources. Source: Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology (ARRPET) Improving Air Quality in Asian Developing Countries Research Activities in the Philippines

4 11/5/29 Anthropogenic Warming Road Transport and Climate Change 19 Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-2th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. It is likely that there has been significant anthropogenic warming over the past 5 years averaged over each continent 2 Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 27 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion CO2 Emissions from Road Transport - Road transport contributes ~23% global CO2 emissions (IEA 29) Others, 1% Residential, 1 % 1971 Other Transport 2.6 3% 27 Residential, 6 % Others, 16% Industry, 27% Philippines (million tons CO2) Industry, 2% Electricity and Heat, 41% Other sectors % Main activity producer electricity and heat % Other energy industries % Manuf. industries and construction % Electricity and Heat, 27% Road Transport % Transport, 2% Transport, 23 % 21 Source: IEA 29. CO2 Highlights Variety of Impacts Consequences of climate change: Source: IEA 29. CO2 Highlights 22 Metro Manila: Disappearing Act Agriculture and food security Crop yields, irrigation demands... Forest Composition, health and productivity... Water resources Water supply, water quality... Coastal areas Erosion, inundation, cost of prevention... > Temperature increase > Sea level rise > More rain Source: UNEP Species and natural areas Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems... Human health Infectious diseases, human settlements

5 Climate Change and Air Pollution Rationale for Targeting both Problems at once CLIMATE CHANGE AIR POLLUTION (Global, Regional, Urban) Integrating air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation policies offers potentially large cost reductions compared to treating those policies in isolation CO 2 CH4 SF6 PFC N2 O HF C Greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol only) Black Carbon Air Pollutants 25 -IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, 26 Climate change Air pollution 26 Sustainable Transport Framework TOOLS PLANNING REGULATORY ECONOMIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL Government s Actions Urban/Transport Planning and Demand Management Public Transport & Non Motorized Transport Cleaner and Efficient Fuels and Vehicles Freight and Logistics Citizens Actions EXTERNALITIES AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE ROAD SAFETY SOCIAL EQUITY CONGESTION NOISE POLLUTION 27 Finally Air pollution and climate change are interlinked and can be addressed simultaneously The drivers of air pollution and climate change are still showing increasing trends, particularly in developing countries. Road transport will remain significant as a driver What can you do? Go for cleaner and more efficient fleets! 28 UNEP-TNT Clean Fleet Management Toolkit CAI-Asia Center Glynda Bathan Policy and Partnership Manager gly nda.bathan@cai-asia.org Unit 351, 35 th floor Robinsons-Equitable Tower ADB Avenue, Pasig City Metro Manila 165 Philippines 29 11/5/

6 Closing: Next steps Hands-on training on use of the Toolkit of a pool of 3 to 5 companies and briefing on ecodriving Expansion of the pilot in each company including hands-on ecodriving training Documentation of clean fleet management toolkit application in the Philippines Other suggestions 31 6