WASA Quiz Review. Chapter 3

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1 WASA Quiz Review Chapter 3

2 Question #1 What is a sustainable population? One that can survive over the long term (thousands to tens of thousands of years) without either running out of resources or damaging its environmental niche (in our case the planet) in the process

3 Question #2 As changes in the climate continue to develop what are three water supplies that significantly affected? Domestic, Agricultural and Industrial supplies

4 Question #3 What report stated the following? Water resources, and the range of services they provide, underpin poverty reduction, economic growth and environmental sustainability. United Nations World Water Development Report 2015

5 Question #4 What will the poor and vulnerable be affected by climate change and its effects on supply and demand of water? decreased crop yields floods washing away assets livelihoods, and increasing the threat of diseases like malaria reduce productivity of crops creating agricultural and economic losses

6 Question #5 What is the name of the article in the Trinidad Express that suggested the poor and vulnerable be affected by climate change and various effects on supply and demand of water? Climate Change Could Make 100m Poorer

7 Question #6 What does the abbreviation OECD stand for? Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

8 Question #7 How does the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines water conservation? the preservation, control and development of water resources, both surface and groundwater, and prevention of pollution

9 Question #8 According to a report published by the World Bank, climate change could drive 100 million more people into poverty by what year? 2030

10 Question #9 Dr. Mark Le Chevallier is part of what organisation? Innovation & Environmental Stewardship American Water

11 Question #10 Dr. Mark Le Chevallier indicated that addressing the impact of climate change will require what? finding solutions to maintain adequate levels of water supply to communities ensuring high standards of water quality in the face of droughts or flooding balancing the need for infrastructure improvements while keeping this vital resource as affordable as possible

12 Question #11 Climate change is the change in the climate as a result of the change in the of the earth s atmosphere system as a result of or warmed atmosphere. Energy balance & global warming

13 Question #12 Global warming is the warming caused by over time. green-house gasses

14 Question #13 What are three ways climate change and global warming affects water sources? Changes in annual rainfall Increases in sea levels Increased runoff which results in decreased raw water quality

15 Question #14 What are some measures to preserve water supplies relevant to climate change? Use less energy by turning off lights, better insulating homes to conserve air conditioning, driving, more fuel efficient cars and driving less Carpooling, using public transportation, driving less, and reducing our consumption of food and consumer goods, each individual can make an impact on curbing greenhouse gases Undertake targeted investigations to firm up estimates of the damage that would likely occur under simulated or observed climate regimes Improve leak detection & repair and investment in infrastructure

16 Question #15 What are the THREE main drivers of crop growth? Solar radiation Temperature Precipitation

17 Question #16 Some of the effects of climate change on agriculture can be grouped into THREE broad categories. What are they? Biophysical Ecological Economic

18 Question #17 What are some of the effects of climate change on agriculture? A shift in climate and agricultural zones towards the poles Changes in production patterns due to higher temperatures A boost in agricultural productivity due to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Changing precipitation patterns Increased vulnerability of the landless and the poor

19 Question #18 Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture is responsible for how much of global emissions? ⅓ of global emissions

20 Question #19 How much carbon dioxide emissions are produce by agricultural sources, deforestation, the use of fossil fuel-based fertilizers, and the burning of biomass? 25%

21 Question #20 In what ways do agriculture contribute to the increases in greenhouse gas? CO2 emissions linked to deforestation in temperate regions: where forests and woodlands are cleared to make room for fields and pastures Methane emissions from rice cultivation and enteric fermentation in cattle Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilizer applications

22 Question #21 What is industrial water? water used for industrial purposes such as fabricating, manufacturing, processing, washing, and cooling, and includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining. The water can be obtained from a public water supply system or may be self-supplied.

23 Question #22 What are examples of out-of-stream water uses? Irrigation Domestic, municipal, and industrial withdrawals, including cooling water for thermal electricity generation

24 Question #23 Water availability for withdrawal is a function of what? Runoff Aquifer conditions Technical water supply infrastructure - reservoirs, pumping wells, distribution networks

25 Question #24 Higher temperatures cause more algal blooms, which can introduce what into water sources? Toxins Poor taste Odour compounds

26 Question #25 Higher intensity rainfalls increase run-off rates from agricultural land resulting in what in water sources? Higher levels of nutrients Pesticides Microbes Debris

27 Question #26 Buried water pipes can become more prone to cracking as a result of greater soil movement due to what two events? flooding and droughts

28 Question #27 What is Watershed Management? the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed by managing the use of those land and water resources in a comprehensive manner

29 Question #28 What are examples of short and long term climate change effects? Storms Heavy rainfalls Floods and flash floods Heat waves Droughts Forest fires

30 Question #29 What is quarrying, according to the Merriam Webster dictionary? the business, occupation, or act of extracting useful material (as building stone) from quarries

31 Question #30 What are some of the effects a quarry has on the local environment? Loss of wildlife habitats Visual impact Heavy traffic Noise Pollution Erosion

32 Question #31 How does an increase in climate related hazards (such as forest fires and floods) affects the viability of mining operations? increases operating, transportation and decommissioning costs

33 Question #32 Which organisation stated the following? Climate change may lead to increases in flood frequency and intensity, as well as the degradation of the surface of soils and erosion of watersheds. Flanders Marine Institute, 2008

34 Question #33 Which organisation stated the following? Climate change features, including increasing mean and peak temperatures and increases in the number and intensity of drought episodes are the most threatening factors for forests, and will impact forests to varying degrees. Flanders Marine Institute, 2008

35 Question #34 According to the Trinidad Express (2015), there are plans to reduce climate changing emissions aimed at keeping global temperature rise within what internationally agreed limit? 2 degrees Celsius

36 END OF CHAPTER 3